scholarly journals Introduced Japanese burrowing cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Velarifictorus (Velarifictorus) micado) range continues to expand in North America

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Bowles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
Northern United States

Japanese burrowing cricket, Velarifictorus (Velarifictorus) micado (Saussure, 1877), was introduced into the eastern United States in 1959 and has since increased its distributional range to include the eastern Great Plains and the northern United States. Although generally thought of as an urban species associated with human habitation, some specimens are now being captured in more remote areas, which is attributed to this species sometimes being macropterous and dispersing through flight. Public data sources such as BugGuide and iNaturalist were found to be sound, passive tools for identifying the expanding range of this species in the Americas. Collection and observation in atypical habitats suggest that potential ecological impacts may be occurring.

scholarly journals Impacts of Land-Use/Land-Cover Change on Afternoon Precipitation over North America

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 2121-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Paul A. Dirmeyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Land Use ◽  
North America ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
The U.S

Abstract This study investigates the impacts of historical land-cover change on summer afternoon precipitation over North America using the Community Earth System Model. Using land–atmosphere coupling metrics, this study examines the sensitivity of afternoon atmospheric conditions to morning land surface states and fluxes that are altered by land-cover changes before and since 1850. The deforestation in the eastern United States prior to 1850 leads to increased latent but decreased sensible heat flux during the morning and a reduction in afternoon precipitation over the southern regions of the U.S. East Coast. The agricultural expansion over the Great Plains since preindustrial times shows similar effects on surface fluxes but results in a significant widespread increase in precipitation over the crop area. The coupling metrics exhibit a strong positive soil moisture–precipitation relationship over the Great Plains. Impacts of land-cover change on precipitation manifest through changes in rainfall frequency, rather than intensity, that are largely controlled by the distribution of CAPE as the trigger of convective precipitation. However, deforestation and later reforestation over the eastern United States, where coupling properties are different than the Great Plains, do not have as dominant an effect on afternoon precipitation. Additionally, precipitation over parts of the U.S. Southwest decreases in this model during the earlier period of East Coast deforestation, owing to changes in the large-scale circulation over North America driven by land-use changes prior to 1850.

scholarly journals Climatology of Severe Local Storm Environments and Synoptic-Scale Features over North America in ERA5 Reanalysis and CAM6 Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (19) ◽  
pp. 8339-8365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funing Li ◽  
Daniel R. Chavas ◽  
Kevin A. Reed ◽  
Daniel T. Dawson II
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Convective Available Potential Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Bias

AbstractSevere local storm (SLS) activity is known to occur within specific thermodynamic and kinematic environments. These environments are commonly associated with key synoptic-scale features—including southerly Great Plains low-level jets, drylines, elevated mixed layers, and extratropical cyclones—that link the large-scale climate to SLS environments. This work analyzes spatiotemporal distributions of both extreme values of SLS environmental parameters and synoptic-scale features in the ERA5 reanalysis and in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 6 (CAM6), historical simulation during 1980–2014 over North America. Compared to radiosondes, ERA5 successfully reproduces SLS environments, with strong spatiotemporal correlations and low biases, especially over the Great Plains. Both ERA5 and CAM6 reproduce the climatology of SLS environments over the central United States as well as its strong seasonal and diurnal cycles. ERA5 and CAM6 also reproduce the climatological occurrence of the synoptic-scale features, with the distribution pattern similar to that of SLS environments. Compared to ERA5, CAM6 exhibits a high bias in convective available potential energy over the eastern United States primarily due to a high bias in surface moisture and, to a lesser extent, storm-relative helicity due to enhanced low-level winds. Composite analysis indicates consistent synoptic anomaly patterns favorable for significant SLS environments over much of the eastern half of the United States in both ERA5 and CAM6, though the pattern differs for the southeastern United States. Overall, our results indicate that both ERA5 and CAM6 are capable of reproducing SLS environments as well as the synoptic-scale features and transient events that generate them.

A comparison of earthquake damage areas as a function of magnitude across the United States

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1064-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Bollinger ◽  
M. C. Chapman ◽  
M. S. Sibol
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Epicentral Distance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
The West

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between earthquake magnitude and the size of damage areas in the eastern and western United States. To quantify damage area as a function of moment magnitude (M), 149 MMI VI and VII areas for 109 earthquakes (88 in the western United States, 21 in the eastern United States and Canada) were measured. Regression of isoseismal areas versus M indicated that areas in the East were larger than those in the West, at both intensity levels, by an average 5 × in the M 4.5 to 7.5 range. In terms of radii for circles of equivalent area, these results indicate that damaging ground motion from shocks of the same magnitude extend 2 × the epicentral distance in eastern North America compared to the West. To determine source and site parameters consistent with the above results, response spectral levels for eastern North America were stochastically simulated and compared with response spectral ordinates derived from recorded strong ground motion data in the western United States. Stress-drop values of 200 bars, combined with a surficial 2-km-thick low velocity “sedimentary” layer over rock basement, produced results that are compatible with the intensity observations, i.e., similar response spectral levels in the east at approximately twice their epicentral distance in the western U.S. distance. These results suggest that ground motion modeling in eastern North America may need to incorporate source and site parameters different from those presently in general use. The results are also of importance to eastern U.S. hazard assessments as they require allowance for the larger damage areas in preparedness and mitigation programs.

scholarly journals An alvar race of the couperi subspecies of the Silvery Blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus couperi) in southeastern Ontario?

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Catling ◽  
Ross A. Layberry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitats ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat ◽  
Eastern Ontario ◽  
Glaucopsyche Lygdamus

The couperi subspecies of the Silvery Blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus couperi) has expanded its range southward in northeastern North America using introduced legumes and open anthropogenic habitats. The discovery of a population of the Silvery Blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus) in an eastern Ontario alvar woodland in 2011 suggests that the Silvery Blue may have been long established (although restricted) in southern Ontario. Three larvae from this population were reared from eggs deposited on native Neglected Milk-Vetch (Astragalus neglectus) by free-flying females in 2012. The three larvae, pupae, and single reared adult, as well as other adults from the alvar woodland, are described and compared with specimens associated with open anthropogenic habitat and introduced legumes. The alvar woodland specimens were closer to the northern Ontario subsp. couperi than to the subsp. lygdamus of the eastern United States. Although the alvar woodland larvae were darker green than subsp. couperi and the spots on the adults were on average larger than in subsp. couperi, the alvar woodland Silvery Blues could not be definitively distinguished from subsp. couperi, including specimens from northern Ontario and those from southern Ontario associated with open habitats. Nevertheless, there is a possibility that the alvar woodland population of the Silvery Blue dates from early postglacial times and represents a distinct race separate from the Silvery Blue of open habitats.

Notes on larval instars and adult antennae of Neodiprion abietis (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-748
Author(s):  
S.Y. Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Physiological Study ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Neodiprion Abietis ◽  
Northern United States

The native balsam fir sawfly, Neodiprion abietis (Harris) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), occurs throughout Canada, Alaska, and the northern United States of America (Rose et al. 1994; Drooz 1985). This sawfly was originally described as Lophyrus abietis (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) (Harris 1841), then transferred to the genus Diprion (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) (MacGillivray 1916). Rohwer (1918) established the genus Neodiprion for Nearctic species of the genera Lophyrus and Diprion. Based on differences in size, color, and female genitalic characters between adults reared from the genera Abies, Picea, Pseudotsuga, and Tsuga (Pinaceae), Ross (1955) considered N. abietis as a complex. After a thorough morphological and physiological study, Knerer and Atwood (1972) concluded that there were five strains of N. abietis in North America: one western and four eastern.

scholarly journals Verification of Extratropical Cyclones within the NCEP Operational Models. Part I: Analysis Errors and Short-Term NAM and GFS Forecasts

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1173-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Charles ◽  
Brian A. Colle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Extratropical Cyclones ◽  
Global Forecast System ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Forecast System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The North

Abstract This paper verifies extratropical cyclones around North America and the adjacent oceans within the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) and North American Mesoscale (NAM) models during the 2002–07 cool seasons (October–March). The analyzed cyclones in the Global Forecast System (GFS) model, North American Mesoscale (NAM) model, and the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) were also compared against sea level pressure (SLP) observations around extratropical cyclones. The GFS analysis of SLP was clearly superior to the NAM and NARR analyses. The analyzed cyclone pressures in the NAM improved in 2006–07 when its data assimilation was switched to the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI). The NCEP GFS has more skillful cyclone intensity and position forecasts than the NAM over the continental United States and adjacent oceans, especially over the eastern Pacific, where the NAM has a large positive (underdeepening) bias in cyclone central pressure. For the short-term (0–60 h) forecasts, the GFS and NAM cyclone errors over the eastern Pacific are larger than the other regions to the east. There are relatively large biases in cyclone position for both models, which vary spatially around North America. The eastern Pacific has four to eight cyclone events per year on average, with errors >10 mb at hour 48 in the GFS; this number has not decreased in recent years. There has been little improvement in the 0–2-day cyclone forecasts during the past 5 yr over the eastern United States, while there has been a relatively large improvement in the cyclone pressure predictions over the eastern Pacific in the NAM.

scholarly journals A Canadian range extension for Wormslug (Boettgerilla pallens; Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Boettgerillidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-267
Author(s):  
Paul M. Catling ◽  
Brenda Kostiuk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Invasive Spread ◽  
First Time

The introduced Wormslug (Boettgerilla pallens Simroth, 1912) is reported from Quebec, Canada, for the first time, from two closely situated localities in Gatineau Park. It was previously reported from the Vancouver area of British Columbia and, very recently, from Newfoundland. Within the Americas, the species has been reported from northern California, Mexico, and Colombia, and, because it is easily overlooked, likely occurs elsewhere in North America, especially in the eastern United States. In Quebec, it was found in a natural Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) woodland and an ornamental garden. Wormslug likely reached both sites with shrub plantings from commercial nurseries, probably quite recently, because the invasive spread of the species, worldwide, has occurred mostly during the last few decades. Although the woodland where it occurred is dominated by native plants, the gastropod fauna there is mainly introduced. Identification, characteristics, and ecology of Wormslug are discussed. The potential for impact on native soil and soil surface organisms, including native terrestrial slugs and snails, is noted.

scholarly journals William Culp Darrah (1909–1989)

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsie Darrah Morey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Upper Carboniferous ◽  
International Geological

William C. Darrah, educator, geologist, botanist, and historian, loved life, and he chose to share with others his genuine enjoyment of discovery and learning through his writing and teaching. His A Critical Review of the Upper Carboniferous Floras of the Eastern United States (1970) and nearly a hundred professional papers made his name familiar to many paleontologists in Pennsylvania and throughout the United States. It is interesting to note that early in his career Bill developed an interest in the early conifers, especially Walchia. At the time of his death, he had just completed a manuscript with Paul Lyons, “The Earliest Conifers in North America: Upland and/or Paleoclimatic Indicators?,” “which has been accepted for publication in PALAIOS. Most recently, having attended the International Geological Conference in the United States in 1933, Bill had hoped to present a paper on the Dunkard at the July 1989 IGC in Washington, D.C.

Regional chemical characteristics of lakes in North America Part II: Eastern United States

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 577-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Linthurst ◽  
D. H. Landers ◽  
J. M. Eilers ◽  
P. E. Kellar ◽  
D. F. Brakke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Eastern United States

GYRINUS (GYRINULUS) CAVATUS SP.NOV. FROM NORTH AMERICA DESCRIBED AND COMPARED WITH GYRINUS (GYRINULUS) MINUTUS FABRICIUS (COLEOPTERA: GYRINIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-657
Author(s):  
F.M. Atton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Northern United States

AbstractGyrinus cavatus sp.nov. (type locality: Floral, Saskatchewan, Canada), from across Canada, is compared with G. minutus Fabricius. The two species are broadly sympatric in the northern boreal and transition forests, but G. cavatus is more abundant southward into the northern United States. Therefore, the subgenus Gyrinulus Zaitsev is not monobasic, but has three species in North America, including G. rockinghamensis LeConte.

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