scholarly journals Fasting Ghrelin Levels Are Decreased in Obese Subjects and Are Significantly Related With Insulin Resistance and Body Mass Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Papandreou ◽  
Christos Karavolias ◽  
Fotini Arvaniti ◽  
Eleana Kafeza ◽  
Fatima Sidawi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Amino Acid Peptide ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Overnight Fasting ◽  
Obese Subjects

BACKGROUND: Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide that predominantly produced by the stomach. Strong evidence indicates the effects of ghrelin in the regulation of metabolic functions and its potential role in the aetiology of obesity.AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of ghrelin levels with obesity, insulin resistance and glucose in normal and obese subjects.METHODS: Thirteen normal (n = 13) and seven (n = 7) obese weight subjects aged 20-22 participated in the study. Fasting plasma ghrelin, insulin and glucose levels were measured after overnight fasting. HOMA-IR was calculated to evaluate insulin resistance.RESULTS: Ghrelin and insulin levels were found to be statistically significantly lower and higher in obese subjects (P < 0.001), respectively. Glucose levels were clinically higher in obese subjects but not statistically significant. Fasting plasma ghrelin was negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.77, P < 0.001), fasting insulin levels (r = -0.55, P < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.66, P < 0.001). There was no correlation between ghrelin and glucose. In multiple regression analysis, insulin levels (Beta: -2.66, 95% CI: -2.49, -2.78, P < 0.001) HOMA-IR (Beta: -2.41, 95% CI: -2.33, -2.55, P < 0.001) and BMI (Beta: -1.77, 95% CI: -1.66, -1.89, P < 0.001) were significant independent determinants of fasting ghrelin.CONCLUSION: Obese subjects have low fasting ghrelin levels that they are significantly related to insulin resistance and body mass index. More prospective studies are needed to establish the role of ghrelin in the pathogenesis of human obesity.

scholarly journals Plasma resistin, adiponectin and leptin levels in lean and obese subjects: correlations with insulin resistance

2003 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
JV Silha ◽  
M Krsek ◽  
JV Skrha ◽  
P Sucharda ◽  
BL Nyomba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: Adipose tIssue regulates insulin sensitivity via the circulating adipocytokines, leptin, resistin and adiponectin. The objective of this study was to compare the levels of resistin, adiponectin and leptin in lean and obese subjects and determine the relationship between circulating adipocytokines and insulin resistance. METHODS: We examined plasma levels of resistin, adiponectin and leptin in 17 lean subjects with a mean body mass index (BMI) of approximately 23 and 34 non-diabetic obese individuals with a mean BMI approximately 33. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment ratio (HOMA-R) formula derived from fasting insulin and glucose levels. RESULTS: Resistin levels were not significantly different between the two groups but were significantly higher in women compared with men, 35.4+/-6.5 (s.e.) vs 15.4+/-2.9 microg/L, P<0.01. Resistin did not correlate with BMI but did significantly correlate with HOMA-R, P<0.01, and this correlation remained significant after adjustment for gender and BMI. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in obese compared with lean subjects, P<0.005, and higher in women, P<0.001, but showed no significant correlation with HOMA-R. Leptin levels were significantly higher in obese subjects and women and correlated with HOMA-R and resistin. DISCUSSION: In this small group of patients we demonstrated that insulin resistance correlated most strongly with leptin levels. A significant correlation between resistin levels and insulin resistance was also observed. Although a similar trend was apparent for adiponectin, the correlation with insulin resistance did not achieve statistical significance.

scholarly journals Effect ofGAS6andAXLGene Polymorphisms on Adiposity, Systemic Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance in Adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fone-Ching Hsiao ◽  
Yuh-Feng Lin ◽  
Po-Shiuan Hsieh ◽  
Nain-Feng Chu ◽  
Yii-Der Ida Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multistage Sampling

The present study was designed to explore the effects ofGAS6andAXLgene polymorphisms on adiposity, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance in adolescents. After multistage sampling from the data of the Taipei Children Heart Study-III, we collected 358 boys and 369 girls with an average age of 13.3 years. We genotyped the adolescents’GAS6rs8191973,GAS6rs8191974,AXLrs4802113, andAXLrs2304232 polymorphisms. Significantly higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and hsCRP levels were found in boys with the GG genotype ofGAS6rs8191974 than A allele carriers; higher IL-6 and insulin levels and increased HOMA-IR were found in boys with the GG genotype ofAXLrs2304232 than the A allele carriers. There was a significant difference in hsCRP levels of boys with the TT, TC, and CC genotypes ofAXLrs4802113. Boys with both the GG genotype ofGAS6rs8191973 and the GG genotype ofGAS6rs8191974 exhibited higher BMI, WC, IL-6, and hsCRP levels than the boys carrying both the C allele of theGAS6rs8191973 and the A allele of theGAS6rs8191974. In conclusion,GAS6andAXLpolymorphisms are associated with adiposity, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance in adolescents, especially in boys.

scholarly journals Contribution of rs3211938 polymorphism at CD36 to glucose levels, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, insulin resistance, and body mass index in Mexican mestizos with type-2 diabetes from western Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Teresita Martín-Márquez ◽  
Flavio Sandoval-Garcia ◽  
Mónica Vazquez-Del Mercado ◽  
Erika-Aurora Martínez-García ◽  
Fernanda-Isadora Corona-Meraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Mexican Mestizos

scholarly journals The effect of combination therapy of insulin glargine, metformin, and sitagliptin on insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and metabolic parameters in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 497-502
Author(s):  
Teodora Beljic-Zivkovic ◽  
Milica Marjanovic-Petkovic ◽  
Miljanka Vuksanovic ◽  
Ivan Soldatovic ◽  
Dobrila Kanlic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Insulin Glargine ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Obese Subjects

Introduction. A combination of drugs is required for treatment of obese subjects with diabetes, due to multiple pathogenic mechanisms implicated in the development of both diabetes and obesity. Objective. Assessment of the effect of sitagliptin added to insulin glargine and metformin, in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Methods. A total of 23 obese subjects on metformin and insulin glargine participated in the study. Titration of insulin glargine during a one-month period preceded the addition of 100 mg of sitagliptin daily. Body mass index, waist circumference, fasting, and prandial glucose were measured monthly, lipids and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) every three months, insulin, c-peptide and glucagon at the start and after six months of treatment. Homeostatic models for insulin secretion (HOMA B) and insulin resistance (HOMA IR) were calculated. Results. Participants were 58.65 ?} 7.62 years of age with a body mass index of 35.06 ?} 5.15 kg/m2, waist circumference of 115.04 ?} 15.5 cm, and the duration of diabetes of 4.11 ?} 2.57 years. With the titration of insulin glargine, target fasting glucose levels were not achieved. Waist circumference and body mass index decreased during three months of sitagliptin treatment, thereafter remaining stable. HbA1c decreased significantly after three and six months of therapy. C-peptide increased significantly, while glucagon level fell. HOMA indexes were unchanged. Conclusion. Sitagliptin can improve diabetes control and induce modest weight loss in obese subjects poorly controlled on insulin glargine and metformin. Titration of insulin glargine to optimal fasting glucose values is a prerequisite of success of this combination therapy.

scholarly journals Lower Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein Production by Adipose Tissue and Liver in Obese Patients Unrelated to Insulin Resistance

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 4499-4507 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Selva ◽  
Albert Lecube ◽  
Cristina Hernández ◽  
Juan A. Baena ◽  
José M. Fort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Obese Subjects

Context: Zinc-α2 glycoprotein (ZAG) has been proposed as a new candidate in the pathogenesis of obesity, but most of the information stems from studies performed in rodents and in vitro assays. Objective: The main aim of the study was to compare serum levels of ZAG and its expression (mRNA levels and protein) in adipose tissue and the liver between obese and nonobese subjects. The relationship between ZAG and insulin resistance was also explored. Design: This was a case-control study. Setting: The study was conducted at a university referral center. Patients and Methods: Samples of serum, sc adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and liver were obtained from 20 obese subjects during bariatric surgery. Samples from 10 nonobese patients matched by age and gender were used as a control group. Serum ZAG levels were determined by ELISA. ZAG mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR and protein content by Western blot. The effect of insulin on liver production of ZAG was assessed using HepG2 cultures. Results: Serum concentration of ZAG (micrograms per milliliter) was significantly lower in obese subjects (40.87 ± 10.45 vs. 63.26 ± 16.40; P = 0.002). ZAG expression was significantly lower in the adipose tissue (SAT and VAT) and liver of obese patients than in control subjects. Significant negative correlations between body mass index and circulating ZAG (r = −0.65, P &lt; 0.001) as well as between body mass index and mRNA ZAG levels in SAT (r = −0.68, P &lt; 0.001) and VAT were detected (r = −0.64, P &lt; 0.001). No relationship was found between ZAG and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and insulin had no effect on ZAG production in vitro. Conclusion: A down-regulation of ZAG in SAT, VAT, and liver exists in obese patients but seems unrelated to insulin resistance. A downregulation of zinc-α2 glycoprotein in adipose tissue and liver exists in obese patients, and it is unrelated to insulin resistance.

scholarly journals INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN LEPTIN & OBESITY

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD SHAFIQUE ◽  
HABIBULLAH QURESHI ◽  
FAIZA SAJID
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Obese Subjects

Objective: Excess body weight is the sixth most important risk factor contributing to the overall burden ofdisease worldwide. The circulating leptins have been found to play a vital role in the regulation of appetite,glucose homeostasis and body fat. Therefore, this study was designed to measure serum leptin and insulinresistance in non obese and obese young adults and to correlate them with obesity parameters: body massindex, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and metabolic indices.Methods: A total of 43 non- obese subjects, 20 male and 23 female aged 20- 25 years and 46 obese subjects,25 male and 21 female with age 28- 37 years were studied. All subjects selected for study were normotensiveand non-diabetic. Variables measured were Body Mass Index (BMI), waist to hip ratio(WHR), bloodpressure, serum leptin, insulin, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and lipid profile.Results: Serum leptin was significantly higher in females than males 8.8 ± 2.10 SEM and 2.2 ± 0.26 ng/mlSEM respectively in non-obese.As well, Serum leptin was significantly higher in females than males 23.0 ±3.98 SEM and 12.5 ± 2.24 ng/ml SEM respectively in obese group. Serum leptin was significantly higher inobese males, and obese females compared to non- obese subjects. Serum leptin significantly, and positivelycorrelated with BMI (r = 0.440), hip circumference (r =0.425), insulin (r = 0.334), and homeostasis Model ofAssessment - Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)r= 0.334 whereas HOMA-IR positively correlated with BMI,waist Circumference, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides (TG), TG/HDL-Cholesterol ratioand negatively correlated with HDL-Cholesterol.Conclusions: Serum leptin levels increase with obesity, and are higher in females in both non-obese andobese individuals. Serum leptin significantly correlated with hip circumference. Increased serum leptin,especially in obese subjects, should be taken as a warning sign of energy imbalance, poor diet,hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, or changes in other metabolic risk factors that are stronglyassociated with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Key words: Anthropometry, body mass index, insulin resistance, leptin, obesity,

Relationship of thyroid function with body mass index and insulin-resistance in euthyroid obese subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 640-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Ambrosi ◽  
B. Masserini ◽  
L. Iorio ◽  
A. Delnevo ◽  
A. E. Malavazos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Relationship Of

Influence of Obesity in the miRNome: miR-4454, a Key Regulator of Insulin Response Via Splicing Modulation in Prostate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Herrero-Aguayo ◽  
Juan M Jiménez-Vacas ◽  
Prudencio Sáez-Martínez ◽  
Enrique Gómez-Gómez ◽  
Juan L López-Cánovas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Mirna Array ◽  
Obese Subjects

Abstract Context Obesity is a major health problem associated with severe comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes and cancer, wherein microRNAs (miRNAs) might be useful as diagnostic/prognostic tools or therapeutic targets. Objective To explore the differential expression pattern of miRNAs in obesity and their putative role in obesity-related comorbidities such as insulin resistance. Methods An Affymetrix-miRNA array was performed in plasma samples from normoweight (n = 4/body mass index &lt; 25) and obese subjects (n = 4/body mass index &gt; 30). The main changes were validated in 2 independent cohorts (n = 221/n = 18). Additionally, in silico approaches were performed and in vitro assays applied in tissue samples and prostate (RWPE-1) and liver (HepG2) cell-lines. Results A total of 26 microRNAs were altered (P &lt; 0.01) in plasma of obese subjects compared to controls using the Affymetrix-miRNA array. Validation in ampler cohorts revealed that miR-4454 levels were consistently higher in obesity, associated with insulin-resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance/insulin) and modulated by medical (metformin/statins) and surgical (bariatric surgery) strategies. miR-4454 was highly expressed in prostate and liver tissues and its expression was increased in prostate and liver cells by insulin. In vitro, overexpression of miR-4454 in prostate cells resulted in decreased expression levels of INSR, GLUT4, and phosphorylation of AMPK/AKT/ERK, as well as in altered expression of key spliceosome components (ESRP1/ESRP2/RBM45/RNU2) and insulin-receptor splicing variants. Conclusions Obesity was associated to an alteration of the plasmatic miRNA landscape, wherein miR-4454 levels were higher, associated with insulin-resistance and modulated by obesity-controlling interventions. Insulin regulated miR-4454, which, in turn may impair the cellular response to insulin, in a cell type-dependent manner (i.e., prostate gland), by modulating the splicing process.

Plasma Leptin Levels after Biliopancreatic Diversion: Dissociation with Body Mass Index

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 2386-2389 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. De Marinis ◽  
A. Mancini ◽  
D. Valle ◽  
A. Bianchi ◽  
D. Milardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Obese Subjects

Human obesity is associated with increased leptin levels, related to body composition and fat mass (FM). Insulin has been suggested to be a regulator of in vivo leptin secretion. To further investigate the relationships between insulin and leptin levels in human obesity, we have studied 10 obese females, aged 26–57 yr [body mass index (BMI), 42.9 ± 6.3], successfully treated by biliopancreatic (BPD) diversion, in an early postoperative period (2 months after surgery, post-BPD I; BMI, 37.2 ± 7.5) and a late postoperative period (16–24 months after surgery; BMI, 27.6 ± 3.96). Fourteen normal female subjects (18–59 yr; BMI, 27.9 ± 1.4 kg/m2) were studied as controls. In pre-BPD obese subjects, leptin levels were higher than those in controls (60.5± 18.8 vs. 28.7 ± 4.8 ng/mL; P &lt; 0.001). BMI and insulin levels were also significantly greater (P &lt; 0.0001 and P &lt; 0.03, respectively). After surgery, the three parameters considered significantly decreased (P = 0.0007 for BMI, P &lt; 0.0001 for leptin, and P = 0.038 for insulin, using Friedman’s test for repeated data). Concerning the correlation between leptin and FM in our patients, control subjects and pre-BPD subjects confirmed the correlation found in the general population (r = 0.78; P &lt; 0.01). On the contrary, post-BPD patients at 2 months lay outside the general correlation between FM and leptin; in fact, patients with low leptin levels still had a high FM. Moreover, in the post-BPD patients there was no longer a significant correlation between FM and leptin. Concerning the correlation between insulin and leptin levels, a significant correlation was present in control subjects and pre-BPD patients (r = 0.46; P &lt; 0.05). Using correlation analysis for repeated measures in surgically treated obese patients, a significant correlation within the subjects was present (r = 0.91; P &lt; 0.0001). After operation, BMI and leptin levels had a different pattern of decrease; leptin decreased rapidly, without correlation with BMI, indicating that body composition is not the only factor regulating leptin levels. The consistent correlation with insulin levels suggests an important interaction between these two hormones in post-BPD obese subjects.

Insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovaries: its relationship to body weight and androgen levels

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Pasquali ◽  
Francesco Casimirri ◽  
Stefano Venturoli ◽  
Roberto Paradisi ◽  
Loretta Mattioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Androgen Levels

Abstract. Using a combined infusion of somatostatin, insulin and glucose, insulin resistance was assessed in vivo in two groups of females with polycystic ovaries (PCO), obese (OB-PCO) and normal weight (NO-PCO) and in two groups of matched (for age, sex and body mass index) controls (OB and NO). A steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) and insulin (SSPI) was attained after 90 min. OB-PCO and NO-PCO showed higher SSPG with respect to matched controls. The SSPG levels were related to body mass index (r = 0.69; P < 0.001). The SSPG values were significantly correlated with the fasting insulin levels (r = 0.47; P < 0.003). Gonadotrophin and steroid peripheral blood concentrations were also evaluated in the PCO females. A significant correlation was found between the SSPG values and the dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels (r = 0.46; P < 0.05) and between the fasting insulin levels and the androstenedione concentrations (r = 0.64; P <0.01). 0.01). Moreover, significant correlation coefficients were found between the glucose to insulin ratio and the A (r = −0.59; P < 0.01) and the DHEA-S (r = −0.50; P <0.05) plasma levels. Finally, no relationship between body mass index and A or DHEA-s levels was found in PCO females considered as a group. We conclude that insulin resistance is present in females with PCO and it is mainly dut to the presence of obesity, but other factors such as androgen levels, probably of adrenal sources, must be considered as a cause.

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