scholarly journals Contribution of rs3211938 polymorphism at CD36 to glucose levels, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, insulin resistance, and body mass index in Mexican mestizos with type-2 diabetes from western Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Teresita Martín-Márquez ◽  
Flavio Sandoval-Garcia ◽  
Mónica Vazquez-Del Mercado ◽  
Erika-Aurora Martínez-García ◽  
Fernanda-Isadora Corona-Meraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Mexican Mestizos

scholarly journals Adipocytes Exhibit Abnormal Subcellular Distribution and Translocation of Vesicles Containing Glucose Transporter 4 and Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications Regarding Defects in Vesicle Trafficking

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 5450-5456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Maianu ◽  
Susanna R. Keller ◽  
W. Timothy Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Glucose Transporter 4 ◽  
Glut 4

Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes is due to impaired stimulation of the glucose transport system in muscle and fat. Different defects are operative in these two target tissues because glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) expression is normal in muscle but markedly reduced in fat. In muscle, GLUT 4 is redistributed to a dense membrane compartment, and insulin-mediated translocation to plasma membrane (PM) is impaired. Whether similar trafficking defects are operative in human fat is unknown. Therefore, we studied subcellular localization of GLUT4 and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP; also referred to as vp165 or gp160), which is a constituent of GLUT4 vesicles and also translocates to PM in response to insulin. Subcutaneous fat was obtained from eight normoglycemic control subjects (body mass index, 29 ± 2 kg/m2) and eight type 2 diabetic patients (body mass index, 30 ± 1 kg/m2; fasting glucose, 14 ± 1 mm). In adipocytes isolated from diabetics, the basal 3-O-methylglucose transport rate was decreased by 50% compared with controls (7.1 ± 2.9 vs. 14.1 ± 3.7 mmol/mm2 surface area/min), and there was no increase in response to maximal insulin (7.9 ± 2.7 vs. 44.5 ± 9.2 in controls). In membrane subfractions from controls, insulin led to a marked increase of IRAP in the PM from 0.103 ± 0.04 to 1.00± 0.33 relative units/mg protein, concomitant with an 18% decrease in low-density microsomes and no change in high-density microsomes (HDM). In type 2 diabetes, IRAP overall expression in adipocytes was similar to that in controls; however, two abnormalities were observed. First, in basal cells, IRAP was redistributed away from low-density microsomes, and more IRAP was recovered in HDM (1.2-fold) and PM (4.4-fold) from diabetics compared with controls. Second, IRAP recruitment to PM by maximal insulin was markedly impaired. GLUT4 was depleted in all membrane subfractions (43–67%) in diabetes, and there was no increase in PM GLUT4 in response to insulin. Type 2 diabetes did not affect the fractionation of marker enzymes. We conclude that in human adipocytes: 1) IRAP is expressed and translocates to PM in response to insulin; 2) GLUT4 depletion involves all membrane subfractions in type 2 diabetes, although cellular levels of IRAP are normal; and 3) in type 2 diabetes, IRAP accumulates in membrane vesicles cofractionating with HDM and PM under basal conditions, and insulin-mediated recruitment to PM is impaired. Therefore, in type 2 diabetes, adipocytes express defects in trafficking of GLUT4/IRAP-containing vesicles similar to those causing insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals The effects of metformin plus sulfonylurea therapy on clinical features of the metabolic syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Koprivica ◽  
Teodora Beljic-Zivkovic ◽  
Tatjana Ille
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Combined Therapy

Introduction. Insulin resistance is a well-known leading factor in the development of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate metabolic effects of metformin added to sulfonylurea in unsuccessfully treated type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. Material and methods. A group of thirty subjects, with type 2 diabetes, secondary sulfonylurea failure and metabolic syndrome were administered the combined therapy of sulfonylurea plus metformin for six months. Metformin 2000 mg/d was added to previously used sulfonylurea agent in maximum daily dose. Antihypertensive and hypolipemic therapy was not changed. The following parameters were assessed at the beginning and after six months of therapy: glycemic control, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol and its fractions, homeostatic models for evaluation of insulin resistance and secretion (HOMA R, HOMA B) and C- peptide. Results. Glycemic control was significantly improved after six months of the combined therapy: (fasting 7.89 vs. 10.61 mmol/l. p<0.01; postprandial 11.12 vs. 12.61 mmol/l. p<0.01, p<0.01; glycosylated hemoglobin 6.81 vs. 8.83%. p<0.01). the body mass index and waist circumference were significantly lower (26.7 vs. 27.8 kg/m2, p<0.01 and 99.7 vs. 101.4 cm for men, p<0.01; 87.2 vs. 88.5 for women, p<0.01). Fasting plasma triglycerides decreased from 3.37 to 2.45 mmol/l (p<0.001) and HOMA R from 7.04 to 5.23 (p<0.001). No treatment effects were observed on blood pressure, cholesterol, and residual insulin secretion. Conclusion. Administration of metformin in type 2 diabetes with metabolic syndrome decreased cardiovascular risk factors by reducing glycemia, triglycerides, BMI, central obesity and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals The effect of combination therapy of insulin glargine, metformin, and sitagliptin on insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and metabolic parameters in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 497-502
Author(s):  
Teodora Beljic-Zivkovic ◽  
Milica Marjanovic-Petkovic ◽  
Miljanka Vuksanovic ◽  
Ivan Soldatovic ◽  
Dobrila Kanlic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Insulin Glargine ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Obese Subjects

Introduction. A combination of drugs is required for treatment of obese subjects with diabetes, due to multiple pathogenic mechanisms implicated in the development of both diabetes and obesity. Objective. Assessment of the effect of sitagliptin added to insulin glargine and metformin, in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Methods. A total of 23 obese subjects on metformin and insulin glargine participated in the study. Titration of insulin glargine during a one-month period preceded the addition of 100 mg of sitagliptin daily. Body mass index, waist circumference, fasting, and prandial glucose were measured monthly, lipids and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) every three months, insulin, c-peptide and glucagon at the start and after six months of treatment. Homeostatic models for insulin secretion (HOMA B) and insulin resistance (HOMA IR) were calculated. Results. Participants were 58.65 ?} 7.62 years of age with a body mass index of 35.06 ?} 5.15 kg/m2, waist circumference of 115.04 ?} 15.5 cm, and the duration of diabetes of 4.11 ?} 2.57 years. With the titration of insulin glargine, target fasting glucose levels were not achieved. Waist circumference and body mass index decreased during three months of sitagliptin treatment, thereafter remaining stable. HbA1c decreased significantly after three and six months of therapy. C-peptide increased significantly, while glucagon level fell. HOMA indexes were unchanged. Conclusion. Sitagliptin can improve diabetes control and induce modest weight loss in obese subjects poorly controlled on insulin glargine and metformin. Titration of insulin glargine to optimal fasting glucose values is a prerequisite of success of this combination therapy.

scholarly journals Metabolic Components of the Combined Course of Osteoarthritis and Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
L. M. Pasiieshvili ◽  
◽  
A. M. Litvynova ◽  
S. V. Ivanchenko ◽  
O. V. Karaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins

According to statistics provided by the World Health Organization, in 2020 there will be about 2 billion adults, 41 million children under the age of 5 and 340 million children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 who are obese. It is proved that quite often obesity is a predictor of the formation of diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The purpose of the study was to determine the state of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with different stages of obesity and to establish their influence on the course of osteoarthritis. Materials and methods. The study involved 75 patients with osteoarthritis, which proceed on the background of obesity (main group). 50 patients had manifestations of osteoarthritis without changes in body mass index and 37 almost healthy individuals were included in the control group. Anthropometric data and body mass index were calculated. The state of lipid metabolism was determined by indicators of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high, low and very low density lipoproteins, atherogenic factor. The rate of carbohydrate metabolism was assessed by the presence of insulin resistance by calculating the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance index. Body mass index was calculated by the Kettle formula. Other anthropometric parameters were determined by measuring the volume of the thigh, waist volume and calculated the ratio of volume of the thigh to waist volume. As markers of lipid metabolism we studied the content of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins in the blood system with peroxide. The atherogenicity index was determined by the formula of Klimov A. M. Statistical analysis was performed using the software package "Statistica 10.0" and Excel 2010. To quantify the results, the results were presented as the median with a quarterly interval [Q25%; Q75%] taking into account the lack of normal distribution. Quantitative and ordinal changes were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. The correlation was calculated using Spearman's rank correlations. In all procedures of statistical analysis, the significance level p was assumed to be equal to or less than 0.05 (p <0.05). Results and discussion. We divided the patients of the main group into subgroups depending on the body mass index: overweight patients with I and II obesity degree. The comparative analysis of indicators of lipid metabolism allowed to establish increase of indicators of all atherogenic classes in comparison with control. A statistically significant difference in the rate of total cholesterol was determined only in the case of its comparison between the group with elevated body weight and I degree of obesity. Conclusion. In patients with osteoarthritis, occurring on the background of overweight or obesity, there are shifts in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, which contribute to metabolic disorders in the body and, in particular, cartilage as a type of connective tissue. Patients with isolated osteoarthritis also have hyperlipidemia and in some cases insulin resistance, which is a negative basis for the progression of the pathological process. One of the factors in the progression of osteoarthritis in obese patients can be considered the activation of free radical oxidation of lipids, which occurs both as a result of osteoarthritis and the presence of concomitant pathology

scholarly journals Evaluasi HbA1c, hs-CRP dan indeks massa tubuh pada populasi sehat: Sebuah studi komunitas

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arum Tri Wahyuningsih ◽  
Fuad Anshori ◽  
Elizabeth Henny Herningtyas ◽  
Tri Ratnaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Hs Crp

Insulin resistance as a cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with subclinical inflammatory processes. Insulin resistance with obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia contribute to metabolic syndrome that increased risk of cardiovascular disease. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is an inflammatory marker that is thought to be associated with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated hs-CRP, HbA1c, and body mass index in a healthy community. This cross-sectional study is an observational analytic study evaluating the association between hs-CRP, HbA1c, and body mass index. The research subjects were all healthy on a community gathering in community service programs, and if there were any signs or symptoms of infection or inflammation, they would be excluded. Measurements of hs-CRP and HbA1c were carried out using the HPLC and ELISA methods, respectively. The measurement results were analyzed to evaluate the characteristics of the subject and assess the relationship between the parameters studied with different mean and correlation tests. In 25 subjects involved, it was found that 96% had an HbA1c value of <6.5% with a normal body mass index of 15 subjects (60%), and the rest were in the category of overweight. The median hs-CRP level was 2.99 mg / L (0.81-13.74 mg / L), with a low heart risk category of only 4% of all study subjects. There was no correlation between hs-CRP with HbA1c (r = 0.35; p = 0.868) and body mass index (r = 0.37; p = 0.069). Only one subject was included in the diabetes diagnostic criteria, but 96% of the study population had hs-CRP, which was included in the medium-risk and high-risk category for heart disease. There was no association between hs-CRP and HbA1c and body mass index in healthy populations in this community.

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