scholarly journals Serologic characteristics of hepatitis B virus among hill-tribe children in Omkoi district, Chiangmai province, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Woottichai Khamduang ◽  
Nichagamon Ponchomcheun ◽  
Witchuda Yaaupala ◽  
Phongpatchara Puwaruengpat ◽  
Sayamon Hongjaisee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Hill Tribe ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hb Vaccine

Introduction: Thailand has integrated hepatitis B (HB) vaccination of newborns into the national Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 1992. This has led to a dramatic decrease of HBsAg prevalence in children. However, HB vaccine coverage in remote areas is not well-known. This study aimed to investigate serologic characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among hill-tribe children in Omkoi District, Chiangmai Province, Thailand. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on stored samples collected from hill-tribe children attending the primary/secondary school in Omkoi District in December 2014. Sera were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc using enzyme immunoassays (MUREX, DiaSorin, Italy). Samples with anti-HBc positive were further assessed for HBV DNA using an in-house HBV DNA semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results: Of 210 children evaluated, 4 (1.9%:95% CI 0.5-4.8) were HBsAg-positive. Of the 206 children HBsAg negative, 17 were anti-HBc and anti-HBs positive, 15 anti-HBc positive only, 26 anti-HBs positive only and 148 negative for both anti-HBc and anti-HBs. None of the children with anti-HBc were positive for HBV DNA. Conclusions: A high percentage of children had no markers of HBV protection suggesting that HB vaccine coverage was not optimal in this area. Our results warrant HBV serologic investigations in other remote areas to assess whether HB vaccine coverage needs to be improved and to identify children who should be vaccinated.

scholarly journals Occult hepatitis B virus infection among hemodialysis patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahil Nahid Samiei ◽  
Somayeh Shokri ◽  
Shahab Mahmoudvand ◽  
Manoochehr Makvandi ◽  
Heshmatollah Shahbazian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus is a major public health impasse all over the world. Recently a new form of hepatitis B infection named Occult hepatitis B Infection (OBI) has appeared globally. The OBI is defined as the presence of HBV DNA in the liver and/or blood in the absence of detectable serum HBsAg with/without anti-HBc or anti-HBs. The prevalence of OBI has been reported in hemodialysis (HD) patients in different regions of the world. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of OBI among HD patients. The cross-sectional study was carried out on 84 HD patients. These sera were checked for HBsAg, HBc-IgG assessment using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The DNA was extracted from the sera samples and tested for HBVDNA detection using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested PCR). The liver function tests including serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were carried out for all the HD individuals. 52/84(61.9%) of HD were males and 32/84 (38.1%) were females. The patient’s age ranged from 25 to 64 with a mean age of 52.4±15.2 years. HBsAg and HBc-IgG were detected in 1(1.1%) female. 2 (2.4%; a female and a male) patients were positive for HBsAg. 14/84 (16.7%; 6 female and 8 male) HD patients were positive for anti-HBc but negative for HBsAg, among them 4(28.6%; 2 female and 2 male) cases were positive for HBV DNA, indicating the presence of OBI in HD patients. Even distribution of OBI among the HD was found in 2(2.36%) male and 2(2.36%) female (P>.0.05). In the present study the moderate rate of 4.76% OBI has been observed in HD patients. The prevalence of seropositive OBI among the gender was 2(2.36%) male and 2(2.36%) female. The seronegative OBI have not been detected in the present study but requires further investigation. In this study the affliction of OBI in HD patients is not clear.

Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection among β-Thalassemia Major Patients in Ahvaz City, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Amirhashchi ◽  
Azarakhsh Azaran ◽  
Seyed Saeid Seyedian ◽  
Shahram Jalilian ◽  
Bijan Keikhaei
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Occult Hepatitis B Infection (OBI) is a critical risk factor for triggering post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH), cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, which β-thalassemia major (BTM) patients are at risk of it due to multiple blood transfusions. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of OBI among BTM patients from Khuzestan Province, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 90 thalassemia patients, who have received blood 36 to 552 times, participated referred to the Shafa hospital of Ahvaz city from January 2018 to April 2019. ELISA for determining serological markers (HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV) and real-time PCR for detecting HBV-DNA were performed; Nested PCR was conducted for DNA sequencing and determining the genotype of OBI case. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses were done by R package. Of 90 subjects enrolled in this study; 95.5% (86/90) were HBsAg negative, and the frequency of OBI among them was 1.16% (1/86). The anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV were detected in 80.00%, 7.78%, and 12.2% of patients, respectively. HBV-DNA was assessed at four HBsAg-positive subjects as well, and all of them were negative. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the detected HBV DNA in the OBI case belongs to the genotype D. This research, for the first time, demonstrated that OBI is present among β-thalassemia patients in Iran. Also, further studies are necessary to determine the actual prevalence of OBI among BTM patients in Iran to decisions concerning OBI screening, especially in transfusion centers.

scholarly journals Low coverage of hepatitis B vaccine and determinants among health professionals working in Amhara regional state hospitals, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhanu Elfu Feleke
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regional State ◽  
B Virus

More than two billion people have been infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), 360 million have chronic infection and 600,000 die each year from HBV-related liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma. Each year more than 66,000 health professionals are infected by hepatitis b virus and vaccination against hepatitis B saves the life’s of these health professionals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B vaccine coverage in a resource limited settings. A cross sectional study design was conducted. The study was conducted on 1184 health professionals at Amhara national regional state, Ethiopia. Simple random sampling technique was used. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the prevalence while Binary logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of hepatitis B vaccine coverage. The coverage of hepatitis B vaccine was 4%. Vaccination were affected by work load (AOR=0.19, 95%CI= 0.08-0.46; P<0.01), negligence (AOR=0.04, 95%CI=0.01- 0.11: P<0.01), universal precaution training (AOR=14.75, 95%CI=5.66-38.44: P<0.01), perception that they are not at risk of infection (AOR=0.34, 95%CI=0.15-0.79: P=0.01), unaffordable cost (AOR=0.12, 95%CI=0.05-0.28: P<0.01), awareness about the vaccine (AOR=4.55, 95%CI=1.53-13.49: P<0.01), peer pressure (AOR=3.8, 95%CI=1.34-10.74: P=0.01), knowledge about where to get the vaccine (AOR=5.13, 95%CI=1.87-14.11: P=0.02), unavailability of the vaccine (AOR=0.25, 95%CI=0.1-0.63: P=0.03), year of experience (AOR=7.27, 95%CI=2.23-23.72: P<0.01). Low hepatitis B vaccine coverage was observed. The ministry of health should avail the vaccine to all those health professionals, develop awareness on HBV and improve the affordability of the vaccine.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infection among men who have sex with men and transgender women living with or at risk for HIV: a cross sectional study in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusegun A. Adeyemi ◽  
Andrew Mitchell ◽  
Ashley Shutt ◽  
Trevor A. Crowell ◽  
Nicaise Ndembi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Condomless Sex ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Despite the development of a safe and efficacious hepatitis B vaccine in 1982, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to shared risk factors for virus acquisition, men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) living with HIV are at increased risk of HBV. We estimated the prevalence of HBV and associated factors for MSM and TGW living with or without HIV in Nigeria. Methods Since March 2013, TRUST/RV368 has recruited MSM and TGW in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria using respondent driven sampling. Participants with HIV diagnosis, enrollment as of June 2015, and available plasma were selected for a cross-sectional study and retrospectively tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with prevalent HBV infection. Results A total of 717 MSM and TGW had a median age of 25 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 21–27), 5% self-reported HBV vaccination, 61% were living with HIV, 10% had prevalent HBV infection and 6% were HIV-HBV co-infected. HIV mono-infected as compared to HIV-HBV co-infected had a higher median CD4 T cell count [425 (IQR: 284–541) vs. 345 (IQR: 164–363) cells/mm3, p = 0.03] and a lower median HIV RNA viral load [4.2 (IQR: 2.3–4.9) vs. 4.7 (IQR: 3.9–5.4) log10copies/mL, p < 0.01]. The only factor independently associated with HBV was self-report of condomless sex at last anal intercourse (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3, 3.6). HIV infection was not independently associated with HBV (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.7–1.6). Conclusion HBV prevalence was moderately high but did not differ by HIV in this cohort of MSM and TGW. Recent condomless sex was associated with elevated HBV risk, reinforcing the need to increase communication and education on condom use among key populations in Nigeria. Evaluating use of concurrent HIV antiretroviral therapy with anti-HBV activity may confirm the attenuated HBV prevalence for those living with HIV.

272 Use of LioCyx-M, autologous hepatitis B virus (HBV)-Specific T cell receptor (TCR) T-cells, in advanced HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A297-A297
Author(s):  
Fu-Sheng Wang ◽  
Fanping Meng ◽  
Jiehua Jin ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Regina Wanju Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
B Virus

BackgroundWe have demonstrated the ability of Hepatitis-B-virus (HBV)-specific T cell receptor (TCR) bioengineered T cells to recognize and lyse Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells expressing HBV antigens derived from HBV-DNA integration in patients with liver transplant.1 LioCyx-M is an immunotherapeutic product composing of autologous T cells transiently modified with in-vitro transcribed mRNA encoding HBV-specific TCR. The transient TCR expression makes LioCyx -M amenable to a dose escalating posology.MethodsThe primary endpoint of this phase 1 trial is to assess the safety and tolerability of LioCyx-M in patients with advanced HBV-HCC without curative treatment options. Eligible patients were diagnosed with Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage B or C HCC (Child-Pugh < 7 points), receiving >1 year antiviral treatment prior to enrollment. These patients had matching HLA class I genotypes which present HBV encoded antigen. Peripheral blood was collected from each patient prior to each dose for LioCyx-M manufacturing. Patients received 4 escalating doses of 1×104 cells/kg, 1×105 cells/kg, 1×106 cells/kg, 5×106 cells/kg bodyweight (BW) in the first treatment cycle, each intravenously administered weekly. Patients underwent 1-month safety assessment post the 4th infusion, according to Common Terminology NCI CTCAE Version 4.0.3. If there were no dose associated toxicities, patients were eligible to continue administration of LioCyx-M at dose of 5 × 106 cells/kg BW weekly. Tumor response per RECIST 1.1 criteria and survival time were assessed.ResultsAt data cutoff (30 April 2020), eight patients were enrolled, with a median age of 53 (range: 49 - 67). These patients received a median number of 6 (range: 4 - 12) infusions of LioCyx-M. 1 patient developed Grade 3 elevations in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and bilirubin after receiving LioCyx-M at dose level of 1×105 cells/kg BW. Another patient had Grade 1 transient fever after receiving LioCyx-M at dose level 5×106 cells/kg BW in the 4th, 5th and 6th infusions. No treatment-related adverse events (trAEs) such as cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxicity were observed. No fatal trAEs were observed. The median time to progression was 1.9 months (range: 0.2 - 9.5 months). The median overall survival was 34 months (range: 3 - 38.2 months).ConclusionsThe encouraging clinical outcome and tolerable safety highlight the good benefit-risk profile of LioCyx-M. Therefore, further exploration of efficacy of LioCyx-M treatment for advanced HBV-HCC is warranted in a Phase 2 proof-of-concept clinical study.AcknowledgementsFunding: Lion TCR.Trial RegistrationNCT03899415Ethics ApprovalThe study was approved by Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital’s Ethics Board, approval number R2016185DI010.ReferenceTan AT, Yang N, Lee Krishnamoorthy T, et al. Use of Expression Profiles of HBV-DNA Integrated Into Genomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Select T Cells for Immunotherapy. Gastroenterology 2019;156(6):1862–1876.e9.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infection and its associated factors among medical waste collectors at public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Degu Abate Mengiste ◽  
Abebe Tolera Dirbsa ◽  
Behailu Hawulte Ayele ◽  
Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The risk of hepatitis B virus infection among medical waste handlers who undergo collection, transportation, and disposal of medical wastes in the health institutions is higher due to frequent exposure to contaminated blood and other body fluids. There is limited evidence on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B among medical waste handlers in eastern Ethiopia. The study was aimed at studying the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and associated risk factors among medical waste collectors at health facilities of eastern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected medical waste collectors from public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia from March to June 2018. A pre-tested and well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and hepatitis B infection risk factors. A2.5ml venous blood was also collected, centrifuged and the serum was analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen using the instant hepatitis B surface antigen kit. Descriptive summary measures were done. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to assess the risk of association. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted with 95% CI and all value at P-value < 0.05 was declared statistically significant. Results From a total of 260 (97.38%) medical waste collectors participated, HBV was detected in 53 (20.4%) of the participants [95%CI; 15.8, 25.6]. No significant differences were observed in the detection rates of HBV with respect to socio-demographic characteristics. In both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, being unvaccinated (AOR = 6.35; 95%CI = [2.53–15.96], P = 0.001), history of blood transfusion (receiving) (AOR; 3.54; 95%CI; [1.02–12.24], P = 0.046), history of tattooing (AOR = 2.86; 95%CI = [1.12–7.27], p = 0.03), and history of multiple sexual partner (AOR = 10.28; 95%CI = [4.16–25.38], P = 0.001) remained statistically significantly associated with HBsAg positivity. Conclusion This cross-sectional study identified that HBV infection is high among medical waste collectors in eastern Ethiopia. Immunization and on job health promotion and disease prevention measures should be considered in order to control the risk of HBV infection among medical waste collectors in eastern Ethiopia.

scholarly journals A Comparison Research of Hepatitis B Virus Large Surface Protein with HBV DNA Detecting

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. e415
Author(s):  
Z.L. Wu ◽  
X.D. Lu ◽  
X.Q. Zhong ◽  
L.F. Ling ◽  
G. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection among HIV Positive Patients in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye ◽  
Adeolu Sunday Oluremi ◽  
Adetona Babatunde Atiba ◽  
Moses Olubusuyi Adewumi ◽  
Olatunji Victor Mabayoje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Detectable Hbsag

HIV has been known to interfere with the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In this study we investigate the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) among HIV-infected individuals in Nigeria. Overall, 1200 archived HIV positive samples were screened for detectable HBsAg using rapid technique, in Ikole Ekiti Specialist Hospital. The HBsAg negative samples were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV by ELISA. Polymerase chain reaction was used for HBV DNA amplification and CD4 counts were analyzed by cytometry. Nine hundred and eighty of the HIV samples were HBsAg negative. HBV DNA was detected in 21/188 (11.2%) of patients without detectable HBsAg. CD4 count for the patients ranged from 2 to 2,140 cells/μL of blood (mean = 490 cells/μL of blood). HCV coinfection was detected only in 3/188 (1.6%) of the HIV-infected patients (P>0.05). Twenty-eight (29.2%) of the 96 HIV samples screened were positive for anti-HBc. Averagely the HBV viral load was <50 copies/mL in the OBI samples examined by quantitative PCR. The prevalence of OBI was significantly high among HIV-infected patients. These findings highlight the significance of nucleic acid testing in HBV diagnosis in HIV patients.

scholarly journals Phosphorothioate Di- and Trinucleotides as a Novel Class of Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Agents

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2199-2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhakrishnan P. Iyer ◽  
Yi Jin ◽  
Arlene Roland ◽  
John D. Morrey ◽  
Samir Mounir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Nucleoside Analogs ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Parallel Synthesis ◽  
Hbv Replication ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Dna Strand

ABSTRACT Several nucleoside analogs are under clinical development for use against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Lamivudine (3TC), a nucleoside analog, and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV), an acyclonucleotide analog, are clinically approved. However, long-term treatment can induce viral resistance, and following the cessation of therapy, viral rebound is frequently observed. There continues to be a need for new antiviral agents with novel mechanisms of action. A library of more than 600 di- and trinucleotide compounds synthesized by parallel synthesis using a combinatorial strategy was screened for potential inhibitors of HBV replication using the chronically HBV-producing cell line 2.2.15. Through an iterative process of synthesis, lead optimization, and screening, three analogs were identified as potent inhibitors of HBV replication: dinucleotides ORI-7246 (drug concentration at which a 10-fold reduction of HBV DNA was observed [EC90], 1.4 μM) and ORI-9020 (EC90, 1.2 μM) and trinucleotide ORI-7170 (EC90, 7.2 μM). These analogs inhibited the replication of both strands of HBV DNA. No suppression of HBV protein synthesis or intracellular core particle formation by these analogs was observed. No inhibition of HBV DNA strand elongation by the analogs or their 5′-triphosphate versions was apparent in in vitro polymerase assays. Although the exact mechanism of action is not yet identified, present data are consistent with an inhibition of the HBV reverse transcriptase-directed priming step prior to elongation of the first viral DNA strand. In transient-transfection assays, these analogs inhibited the replication of 3TC-resistant HBV. Synergistic interactions in combination treatments between the analogs and either 3TC or ADV were observed. These compounds represent a novel class of anti-HBV molecules and warrant further investigation as potential therapeutic agents.

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