TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON THE ASH COLOUR OF FOREST LITTER / TEMPERATŪROS ĮTAKA MIŠKO PAKLOTĖS PELENŲ SPALVAI

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Jolita Dūdaitė ◽  
Edita Baltrėnaitė ◽  
Paulo Pereira ◽  
Xavier Úbeda
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Informative Feature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Colour Chart

Research was carried out to identify the influence of temperature (150, 250, 350, 450, 550ºC) on the ash colour of Acer platanoides L. leaf litter and Pinus sylvestris L. needle litter samples collected from deciduous coniferous mixed forest in Lithuania (54º43‘ N 25º19‘ E) in April 2010. To achieve the objective, a laboratory experiment was conducted to determine ash samples using the Munsell Colour Chart. The analysis of colours has demonstrated that considering all litter samples, an increase in the temperature of litter heating was found to increase ash colour values (r = 0.92; p = 0.01). All the samples (n = 50) of both litter species were divided into categories 2.5Y (5 samples), 7.5YR (10 samples) and 10YR (35 samples). The total black Munsell colour was observed at a temperature of 350ºC for both litter species. Needle ash started turning bright at a temperature of 550ºC while the complete consumption of leaf litter was visible at a temperature of 450ºC. We conclude that the Munsell Colour Chart used for predicting the colour of ash is an informative feature to have the primary classification of ash. It is imperative to analyse the colour of the litter ash of the selected tree species in order to quickly and easily assess and predict their possible impact on the surrounding environment. Santrauka Tyrimas atliktas siekiant nustatyti temperatūros įtaką (150, 250, 350, 450, 550 ºC) paprastosios pušies spyglių ir paprastojo klevo lapų, surinktų iš lapuočių ir spygliuočių mišraus miško Lietuvoje (54° 43 „N 25° 19 ‚E) 2010-ųjų balandį, pelenų spalvai. Laboratorijoje Munsell spalvų sistema buvo naudojama, norint nustatyti pelenų spalvos reikšmes. Tyrimas parodė, kad didinant degimo temperatūrą visų pelenų spalvų vertės atitinkamai didėjo (r = 0,92, p = 0,01). Pagal spalvų skalę visus mėginius (50) galima suskirstyti į kategorijas: 2.5Y (5 mėginiai), 7.5YR (10 mėginių) ir 10YR (35 mėginiai). Juoda spalva buvo stebima abiejų rūšių pelenuose, kurie buvo deginami 350 ºC temperatūroje. Spyglių pelenai tapo šviesūs esant 550 ºC temperatūrai, o šviesėjantys lapų pelenai pastebėti 450 ºC temperatūroje. Galime teigti, kad Munsell spalvų sistemos naudojimas pelenų spalvai nustatyti yra informatyvus pirminės pelenų klasifikacijos rodiklis.

scholarly journals Assessment of Leaf Litter Decomposition in a Pine and Beech Mixed Forest: Case Study in Northern Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
David Candel-Pérez ◽  
J. Bosco Imbert ◽  
Maitane Unzu ◽  
Juan A. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Nutrient Cycles ◽  
Decomposition Rates

The promotion of mixed forests represents an adaptation strategy in forest management to cope with climate change. The mixing of tree species with complementary ecological traits may modify forest functioning regarding productivity, stability, or resilience against disturbances. Litter decomposition is an important process for global carbon and nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems, also affecting the functionality and sustainability of forests. Decomposition of mixed-leaf litters has become an active research area because it mimics the natural state of leaf litters in most forests. Thus, it is important to understand the factors controlling decomposition rates and nutrient cycles in mixed stands. In this study, we conducted a litter decomposition experiment in a Scots pine and European beech mixed forest in the province of Navarre (north of Spain). The effects of forest management (i.e., different thinning intensities), leaf litter types, and tree canopy on mass loss and chemical composition in such decomposing litter were analysed over a period of three years. Higher decomposition rates were observed in leaf litter mixtures, suggesting the existence of positive synergies between both pine and beech litter types. Moreover, a decomposition process was favoured under mixed-tree canopy patches. Regarding thinning treatments significant differences on decomposition rates disappeared at the end of the study period. Time influenced the nutrient concentration after the leaf litter incubation, with significant differences in the chemical composition between the different types of leaf litter. Higher Ca and Mg concentrations were found in beech litter types than in pine ones. An increase in certain nutrients throughout the decomposition process was observed due to immobilization by microorganisms (e.g., Mg in all leaf litter types, K only in beech leaves, P in thinned plots and under mixed canopy). Evaluating the overall response in mixed-leaf litters and the contribution of single species is necessary for understanding the litter decomposition and nutrient processes in mixed-forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals Myxomycetes of Coron Island and additions to the Myxomycetes of Palawan group of islands in the Philippines

Karstenia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
Sittie Aisha B. Macabago ◽  
Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz ◽  
Steven L. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
New Record ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Annotated Checklist

The main objective of the research reported herein is to present an annotated checklist generated from the first survey of myxomycetes in the limestone forests of Coron Island in the province of Palawan, Philippines. A total of 25 morphotaxa were identified from specimens isolated in the laboratory from samples of ground leaf litter, twigs, and vines (lianas) collected from five sites along the coasts and inland forests of Coron Island. Among the identified taxa one (<em>Badhamia macrocarpa</em>) was a new record for the country, while another was temporarily assigned to the genus <em>Perichaena</em> (Trichiida: Trichiidae) until the proper classification of the specimen could be determined. In addition, the present study brings the updated total number of records of myxomycetes for the Palawan group of islands to 56 morphospecies.

scholarly journals The influence of forest-forming tree species on diversity and spatial distribution of algae in forest litter

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevhen Maltsev ◽  
Irina Maltseva
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The forest litter plays a significant role in forest ecosystems. The composition of the litter biota comprises micro- and mesofauna, and a great diversity of microorganisms, including unrecognized algae (eukaryotic representatives and Cyanoprokaryota). The aim of this work was to study the diversity of algae in the different types of forest litters and to clarify the relationship between the algae composition and the forest-forming tree species. Our results show that the pine forest litter is the most appropriate habitat for the development of green and yellow-green algae and that this litter type limits the variety of blue-green ones. The admixture of deciduous leaf litter to pine litter caused an increase in the species richness of blue-green algae and diatoms. The algae were unevenly distributed across the sub-horizons of pine litter. The highest species richness of algae was identified in the enzymatic sub-horizon of litter. The peculiarity of the composition of leaf litter algae was a significant variety of green, yellow-green and blue-green algae. The spatial organization of algae communities in the leaf litter was characterized by equal distribution of algae species in the litter-subhorizons.

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Kapang Filoplan serta Serasah Daun di Lingkungan Laboratorium Biologi Universitas Diponegoro Dengan Metode Contact Plate

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Wahyu Aji Mahardika ◽  
Romario Dion ◽  
Mochammad Fa’iq Qoys Naufal ◽  
Warih Ramadhany ◽  
Arina Tri Lunggani
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Contact Plate

Fungi can be present on various substrates in the surrounding environment. The presence of these molds takes advantage of the nutrients that are attached to or contained in the substrate. The purpose of this study was to isolate and obtain various types of molds from various substrates. The method used in this study is a contact plate by attaching it to various objects or substrates, namely leaf litter, composter walls, tables, glass, and cabinets. The fungi obtained were 6 isolates, including those from the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium, Curvularia, and Alternaria,

scholarly journals The Influence of Temperature on Metabolisms of Phosphorus Accumulating Organisms in Biological Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Presence of Cu(II) Toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Chiang Chou ◽  
Chih-Chi Yang ◽  
Meng-Shan Lu ◽  
Li-Yuan Hu ◽  
Ku-Fan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Toxic Environment ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

The purpose of this study was to study how temperature variation affects the tolerance of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in a toxic environment. To exclude the interference of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), shock loading experiments were conducted to study the effect of Cu(II) toxicity on the metabolisms of PAOs in 10, 20, and 30 °C conditions. The experimental data showed that the temperature effects on aerobic phosphorus uptake, PHA degradation, and glycogen synthesis were remarkable in the presence of Cu(II). Nevertheless, insignificant effects on anaerobic phosphorus release and PHA synthesis were found. The largest inhibition of PAO metabolism occurred in the low temperature case (10 °C). This study also experimentally demonstrated the loss of PAO metabolic ability in the subsequent aerobic stage, after the anaerobic stage. The presence of Cu(II) toxicity mainly resulted from the inhibition of biochemical reactions in the aerobic stage, and it was irrelevant to the inhibition of previous anaerobic metabolisms.

Influence of temperature effects on the domain structure of iron-nickel films

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-862
Author(s):  
L. I. Chernysheva ◽  
G. I. Belik ◽  
N. I. Sivkov ◽  
N. I. Savenko ◽  
D. A. Laptei
Keyword(s):  
Domain Structure ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Nickel Films ◽  
Iron Nickel

Species complexes and the generic classification of leaf-litter thrips of the tribe Urothripini (Phlaeothripidae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Mound
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Incipient Speciation ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Complicated Pattern ◽  
Pattern Of Variation

Collections of the predominantly wingless urothripine Thysanoptera from leaf litter in Australia show little variation in external morphology within any one population, although the variation between populations is frequently very considerable. Morphological segregates in which winged individuals are known show little variation between populations, and these segregates can be regarded as distinct species. However, morphological segregates in which winged individuals are not known exist in the field as a complex of similar but distinctive local forms. Taxonomy is concerned with the interpretation in biological terms of morphological difference, but the significance of these distinctive populations cannot be determined at present, whether they are species, subspecies, or local variants. However, this high rate of incipient speciation of the Urothripini is evidently related, at least in part, to the low degree of dispersive activity of the wingless forms. The resulting complicated pattern of variation at the species level is reflected in the unsatisfactory generic classification, and several of the characters which have been used for distinguishing genera are here shown to be of little value. As a result four genera, Bournieria, Ramachandraiella, Transithrips, and Verrucothrips, are here placed in synonymy with Baenothrips, and a key is provided to the remaining 13 genera of Urothripini from the world. An account is given of the eight species in five genera known from Australia, including two new species: Baenothrips caenosus (Stannard), comb. nov. ; Baenothrips moundi (Stannard), comb. nov. ; Biconothrips reedi Stannard; Habrothrips curiosus Ananthakrishnan; Octurothrips pulcher Priesner; Stephanothrips occidentalis Hood & Williams; S. barretti, sp, nov.; S. ferrari, sp. nov. In addition, knechteli Priesner is transferred to Amphibolothrips, comb. nov., and erythrinus Pelikan is transferred to Baenothrips, comb. nov.

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