scholarly journals VULNERABILITY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS AND WASTEWATER PUMPING STATIONS TO EARTHQUAKES

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Zare ◽  
Suzanne Wilkinson ◽  
Regan Potangaroa
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Structural Vulnerability ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Earthquake Vulnerability ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Earthquake Effects

Earthquakes are the most common natural hazard in New Zealand which can affect lifelines in populated areas. This research takes into account earthquake effects on treatment plants and pumping stations in wastewater systems as a lifeline. Wastewater treatment plants in four earthquake prone areas in New Zealand were selected for the purpose of assessing their vulnerabilities to earthquakes. Results showed that simple upgraded wastewater treatment plants are the most vulnerable type of wastewater treatment plants in New Zealand. Earthquake vulnerability of 45 wastewater pumping stations in 3 earthquake prone cities in New Zealand was also assessed. The assessment proved that non‐structural components are among the most vulnerable parts in wastewater pumping stations. Since structural vulnerability of some wastewater pumping stations is notable, it requires a need for an immediate rehabilitation plan. Santruka Naujojoje Zelandijoje žemes drebejimai yra labiausiai tiketina stichine nelaime, apgyvendintose teritorijose galinti paveikti gyvybiškai svarbius tinklus. Šiame tyrime nagrinejamas žemes drebejimu poveikis nuoteku tinkluose veikiančioms valymo ir pumpavimo stotims, kurios yra gyvybiškai svarbios. Siekiant ivertinti, kaip žemes drebejimai gali pažeisti nuoteku valymo stotis, buvo pasirinktos valymo stotys iš keturiu seismiškai aktyviu Naujosios Zelandijos zonu. Rezultatai parode, kad Naujojoje Zelandijoje labiausiai pažeidžiamos paprastos atnaujintos nuoteku valymo stotys. Ivertintas ir trijuose seismiškai aktyviuose Naujosios Zelandijos miestuose esančiu 45 nuoteku pumpavimo stočiu pažeidžiamumas per žemes drebejimus. Ivertinus nustatyta, kad nuoteku pumpavimo stotyse labiausiai pažeidžiami yra nestruktūriniai elementai. Kadangi kai kuriose nuoteku pumpavimo stotyse struktūru pažeidžiamumas yra didelis, reikia nedelsiant sudaryti rekonstrukcijos plana.

Legionella prevalence in wastewater treatment plants of Taiwan

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1303-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Huang ◽  
B. M. Hsu ◽  
P. H. Ma ◽  
K. T. Chien
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Wastewater Systems

Legionella is a bacterium that is ubiquitous in natural and artificial aquatic environments. Some species of Legionella are recognized as opportunistic potential human pathogens. We investigated the distribution of Legionella at seventeen WWTPs throughout Taiwan. Legionella were detected in 10 of the 17 WWTPs (58.8%) and 25 of 41 samples (61.0%). In the integrated, hospital, industrial and domestic wastewater systems were 13/18 (72.2%), 7/12 (58.3%), 2/7 (28.6%) and 3/4 (75.0%) of the samples were positive for Legionella, respectively. The most frequently encountered species were L. donaldsonii and uncultured L. spp., which were both found in 10 samples (24.4% of all samples), then followed by L. lytica (4.9%) and L. pneumophila (4.9%). L. anisa was detected in one sample (2.4%). The results of this survey confirm that Legionella are ubiquitous in WWTPs in Taiwan. Therefore, long-term investigations should be conducted to evaluate the overall occurrence of Legionella in WWTPs in Taiwan.

Performance of very small wastewater treatment plants with pronounced load variations

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kegebein ◽  
E. Hoffmann ◽  
H.H. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
First Order ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Wastewater Generation ◽  
Break Period

The operation of very small biological wastewater systems is strongly influenced by the patterns of wastewater generation. The absence of people in the connected building(s) during holidays or off-season leads to a system underload, other circumstances however may lead to an overload. Experiments have been carried out to display the effects of no-feed conditions on activated sludge biomass and its microbial activity during a 24 hour period after re-feeding. The decrease of the biomass during idle periods can be modelled by a first order equation. The initial specific oxygen uptake rate (OUR) of the remaining biomass decreased with the duration of the preceding no-feed sequence. Four different laboratory-scale treatment plants were operated to demonstrate the system performance when re-started after a break period of 24 and 52 days respectively. The effluent concentration after a break of 52 days had not been sufficient as compared to the discharge requirements given by German laws. In addition a full scale trickling filter was monitored, while the connected building accommodated a maximum of 40 guests interrupted by times with no guest at all. Conclusions are drawn from the experimental results and from literature, giving some hints on how to manage the impacts of varying loads at very small wastewater treatment plants.

scholarly journals Identifying Local Realities and Anticipating Challenges in Building Capacity of Ontario Municipal Wastewater Systems in Tracking for SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Zobia Jawed ◽  
Gail Krantzberg ◽  
Sasha Voinson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Systems

One of the biggest challenges that public health experts have ever faced is detecting and mitigating the community spread of COVID-19. Current clinical testing of COVID-19 patients is limited in terms of testing kits available, cost logistics, and detecting individuals that are mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic. False positives and false negatives also cloud the true picture of the pandemic. Ontario municipalities’ wastewater systems can provide new testing opportunities for a non-invasive approach in tracking and monitoring the community spread of COVID-19 through sampling raw sludge or untreated wastewater to test for SAR-CoV-2 RNA fragments. Current global and domestic research confirms the effectiveness of wastewater epidemiology surveillance of SAR-CoV-2 and can be detected even before individuals experience symptoms providing a real-time indicator for appropriate public health interventions. In collaboration with the COVID-19 Wastewater Consortium of Ontario (CWCO), an initiative of McMaster University, the objective of this research is to determine the means to optimize the current infrastructure capacity of municipal wastewater systems as an opportunity to monitor and track COVID-19 spread in the community by identifying local realities and risks. To identify local challenges, we distributed a survey amongst Ontario municipalities regarding wastewater treatment plants’ characteristics, held focus group discussions, and implemented an eight-week sampling program with CWCO’s partners. This report focuses on municipal wastewater treatment plants with in-house laboratory facilities to analyze the current capacity and limitations associated with their sampling and analysis programs. Drawing from survey responses and focus group discussions, we revealed gaps for municipalities to move forward with sample testing and data processing as well as governance challenges.

Contribution of Geographic Information Systems and location models to planning of wastewater systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Leitão ◽  
J.S. Matos ◽  
A.B. Gonçalves ◽  
J.L. Matos
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Greedy Algorithms ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Location Models ◽  
Wastewater Systems

This paper presents the contributions of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and location models towards planning regional wastewater systems (sewers and wastewater treatment plants) serving small agglomerations, i.e. agglomerations with less than 2,000 inhabitants. The main goal was to develop a decision support tool for tracing and locating regional wastewater systems. The main results of the model are expressed in terms of number, capacity and location of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) and the length of main sewers. The decision process concerning the location and capacity of wastewater systems has a number of parameters that can be optimized. These parameters include the total sewer length and number, capacity and location of WWTP. The optimization of parameters should lead to the minimization of construction and operation costs of the integrated system. Location models have been considered as tools for decision support, mainly when a geo-referenced database can be used. In these cases, the GIS may represent an important role for the analysis of data and results especially in the preliminary stage of planning and design. After selecting the spatial location model and the heuristics, two greedy algorithms were implemented in Visual Basic for Applications® on the ArcGIS® software environment. To illustrate the application of these algorithms a case study was developed, in a rural area located in the central part of Portugal.

Investigation and Analysis on Operation of Combined Wastewater Treatment Plants in Sunny and Rainy Days

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 3817-3820
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Jin ◽  
Li Gang He ◽  
Ying He Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Heavy Pollution ◽  
Rainy Days

In this paper, investigation and analysis on the operation of 3 combined wastewater treatment plants in sunny and rainy days in Wuhan city was made. The operations of lifting pumping stations in these plants were inspected. During sunny days, the processing units and equipments in these plants run in nearly full load and the load can only increase in a small quantity in rainy days. But the total waster water quantity in Wuhan in rainy days would reach to ten times more than wastewater quantity in sunny days. A large amount of untreated wastewater overflows from the channels to the bodies and causes heavy pollution to the water environment.

scholarly journals Reflections of COVID-19 cases on the wastewater loading of SARS-CoV-2 RNA: A case of three major cities of Gujarat, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Srivastava ◽  
Shilangi Gupta ◽  
Arbind Patel ◽  
Madhvi Joshi ◽  
Manish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Faecal Matter ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Epidemic Prediction ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Prolonged Excretion ◽  
Influent Wastewater

The scientific community has widely supported wastewater monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 due to the early and prolonged excretion of coronavirus in the faecal matter. In the present study, eighteen influent wastewater samples from different wastewater treatment plants and pumping stations (5 samples from Vadodara city, 4 from Gandhinagar, and nine from Ahmedabad city) were collected and analyzed for the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Gujarat province, India. The results showed the highest SARS-CoV-2 genome concentration in Vadodara (3078 copies/ L), followed by Ahmedabad (2968 copies/ L) and Gandhinagar (354 copies/ L). The comparison of genome concentration corresponded to the number of confirmed and active cases in all three cities. The study confirms the potential of the Surveillance of Wastewater for Early Epidemic Prediction (SWEEP) that can be used at a large scale around the globe for better dealing with the pandemic situation.

Requirements and test methods for on site domestic wastewater treatment plants: the European standard (prEN 12566-3) compared to other international standards

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nonet
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

To ensure that domestic wastewater treatment plants run in an efficient and reliable way, certifications already exist while others will be implemented soon. To date, we have listed eight standards: four from European countries (Germany, Great Britain, The Netherlands and Norway), one project from the European Union, two from North America (USA and Quebec) and one from Australia and New Zealand together. The European procedure includes verification of structure stability, water tightness and treatment capacity at test centre (38 weeks). The American Standard sets minimal standards for materials, dimensioning, building and performances of the plants. It also highlights the information and minimum service that should be provided by the manufacturer and distributors. The review process relating to treatment performances shares major similarities with the EU project since both documents were elaborated almost simultaneously. Australia and New Zealand have adopted a series entitled On-site Domestic Wastewater Treatment Units made up of three parts. The third one integrates construction requirements and describes quite an interesting procedure to efficiently test the small plant: after approximately 13 weeks of testing (half the total duration), the aeration chamber (provided it exists) is filled with sludge from septic tanks to simulate its operation after several years. Overview of the treatment efficiency test procedures of the three main standards is given.

scholarly journals Impact of Urbanisation on New Zealand Freshwater Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyan Chakravarthy ◽  
Frances Charters ◽  
Thomas A. Cochrane
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Urban Waterways ◽  
Run Off

Urban waterways represent less than 1% of the total river length in New Zealand. However, they are the most visible of all rivers, as 86% of New Zealanders live in urban areas. Urban waterways are impaired due to elevated levels of pathogens, turbidity, nutrients and heavy metals originating from anthropogenic activities. In addition to being conduits of storm water run-off from urban areas, some urban waterways also receive discharges from wastewater treatment plants and combined sewage overflows, thus greatly reducing their capacity to provide ecosystem services such as recreation, tourism, biodiversity and mahinga kai. This article summarises the state of New Zealand’s urban freshwater quality, the major drivers of pollution, and mitigation measures needed to restore urban waterways.

scholarly journals A Proposed Theoretical Approach for the Estimation of Seismic Structural Vulnerability of Wastewater Treatment Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4835
Author(s):  
Ploutarchos N. Kerpelis ◽  
Spyridon K. Golfinopoulos ◽  
Dimitrios E. Alexakis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Structural Vulnerability ◽  
Concrete Frames ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Rapid Visual Screening ◽  
Structural Variables

The assessment of seismic vulnerability is critical for lifelines such as wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) because failures may result in environmental degradation, deterioration of water quality and human diseases development. The main scope of this research is the testing and application of a rapid, simple methodology for assessing the seismic structural vulnerability (SSV) of WTPs (according to the qualitative method Rapid Visual Screening), using structural variables as indices of these infrastructures. An original new method involving the assessment of the SSV of thirteen steps (four for a sample set of WTPs and nine for an individual one) is introduced following systematic literature retrieval. The analysis highlights twenty one factors that may determine the SSV of WTPs: three factors involving general characteristics, five factors involving seismicity and geotechnical data, six factors involving technical data (including structural data) and seven additional factors about WTPs’ materials (concrete and the steel reinforcement of concrete frames). The structural data is analyzed to six additional factors. The implementation of the proposed methodology constitutes a simple, rapid methodological approach for assessing the SSV of WTPs using unique factors that were pinpointed and identified for the first time in this study.

Analysis and balance of phosphorous removal from wastewater at urban wastewater treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Peter Lukac ◽  
Lubos Jurik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The Mean

Abstract:Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.

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