The Impact of Road Familiarity on the Perception of Traffic Signs – Eye Tracking Case Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Babic ◽  
Darko Babic ◽  
Andelko Šcukanec
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

Traffic sign visual information provides road users with the basic instructions regarding route selection, safety at intersections, warnings on physical obstacles on the road and safe route marking. The use of sophisticated eye tracking systems is an efficient way to analyse the influence of traffic signs on drivers’ behaviour. In this paper, the drivers’ perception of traffics signs has been analysed using such a system. The aim of this paper is to determine how the perception of traffic signs changes according to the frequency of driving on a specific route or according to the route familiarity. The results show that the drivers’ perception of traffic signs declines as they get familiar with the route and road conditions. In addition, older drivers having more driving experience perceive fewer signs and elements from the environment because they are often led by their own experience and knowledge, so they do not need the same amount of information as compared to younger drivers.

scholarly journals Improving V2X-6G network capacity using a new UAV-based approach in a Cloud/ICN architecture, case Study: VANET network

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Abdeslam Houari ◽  
Tomader Mazri
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Intelligent Environment ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
On The Road

6G of mobile networks plays a crucial role in improving the capacity and enhancing the quality of services of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) based networks evolving in an intelligent environment. VANET is a promising project in the intelligent transportation field using V2X communications. The emergence of several 5G and 6G technologies has raised several challenges for scientists and researchers to allow vehicles and road users to enjoy several services while ensuring their safety on the road. Among these technologies, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which can perform different tasks for road users and vehicle drivers such as data caching, packet relaying and processing. In this article, we present a new approach based on 6G Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) technology on a vehicular cloud architecture while exploiting the exchange support of information-centric networking (ICN) for the improvement of network capacity.

scholarly journals Sustainable Markets: Case Study Of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean R. Manna ◽  
Gayle Marco ◽  
Brittany Lynn Khalil ◽  
Sara Meier
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The traditional definition of sustainability calls for policies and strategies that meet societys present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (1). Sustainability is a concern in private and public sectors all over the world; it is an issue that resonates with people in all age ranges, income levels, and geographic locations. The main idea of sustainability is reduce, reuse, and recycle. People and organizations alike must consider every possible effect from the decisions they make in regards to the environment. With over 600,000,000 passenger cars on the road in the world, and over 50,000,000 passenger cars built each year, it is imperative that automakers make sustainable decisions (2). It is not just the large number of vehicles in the world that is cause for concern, but the immense amount of resources needed to manufacture, transport, and fuel them. Automakers must consider the impact that each car has during every stage of its life cycle, in addition to their responsibility to society (in terms of the environment, education, and safety) and the impact of their suppliers. This case study is designed to discuss the background of Toyota and highlight the companys current actions in regard to sustainable marketing; a comparison will also be made to the sustainable efforts of Honda and Subaru.

scholarly journals External Human–Machine Interfaces: The Effect of Display Location on Crossing Intentions and Eye Movements

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. B. Eisma ◽  
S. van Bergen ◽  
S. M. ter Brake ◽  
M. T. T. Hensen ◽  
W. J. Tempelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Human Machine Interfaces ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Display Location ◽  
Press Time ◽  
Better Than

In the future, automated cars may feature external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) to communicate relevant information to other road users. However, it is currently unknown where on the car the eHMI should be placed. In this study, 61 participants each viewed 36 animations of cars with eHMIs on either the roof, windscreen, grill, above the wheels, or a projection on the road. The eHMI showed ‘Waiting’ combined with a walking symbol 1.2 s before the car started to slow down, or ‘Driving’ while the car continued driving. Participants had to press and hold the spacebar when they felt it safe to cross. Results showed that, averaged over the period when the car approached and slowed down, the roof, windscreen, and grill eHMIs yielded the best performance (i.e., the highest spacebar press time). The projection and wheels eHMIs scored relatively poorly, yet still better than no eHMI. The wheels eHMI received a relatively high percentage of spacebar presses when the car appeared from a corner, a situation in which the roof, windscreen, and grill eHMIs were out of view. Eye-tracking analyses showed that the projection yielded dispersed eye movements, as participants scanned back and forth between the projection and the car. It is concluded that eHMIs should be presented on multiple sides of the car. A projection on the road is visually effortful for pedestrians, as it causes them to divide their attention between the projection and the car itself.

scholarly journals Ignoring Safety Aspects that Could Reduce Traffic Accidents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenhard Mangatur Tampubolon
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road User ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
The Road ◽  
Safety Aspects ◽  
Road Users ◽  
On The Road

Safety on the road is an important consideration for every road user. There are various kinds of traffic signs that are can be employed, all of which are intended to discipline road users and improve their safety. However, Indonesian drivers frequently ignore these safety signs. This is particularly significant given the growing volume of vehicles in Indonesia – and as the number of vehicles has increased so has the number of accidents. This study uses quantitative research methods to explore this correlation and consider the consequences. Keywords: Safety Aspects, Accident, Traffic

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAFFIC SIGN COMPREHENSION AND RISKY TRAFFIC BEHAVIORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Driver's License ◽  
Unsafe Behaviors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

The current study investigates the relationship between risky traffic behaviors and traffic sign comprehension (TSC). It is hypothesized that, as traffic sign comprehension increases, unsafe traffic behaviors decrease. The data were collected online through Qualtrics from 275 participants, 177 of whom were drivers. The questionnaire package included 25 open-ended traffic sign questions, Pedestrian Behavior Scale, Mini-Driver Behavior Questionnaire with 3 additional aggressive violation items, and a demographic information form. The results indicated that TSC was significantly related to reported driver errors and lapses after controlling for age and gender. In addition, pedestrian-related TSC was significantly related to reported pedestrian transgressions, lapses, aggressive behaviors, and positive behaviors after controlling for age, gender, driver's license, and driving experience. Generally, the results were consistent with the expectations: the better that road users (drivers and pedestrians) understand traffic signs, the fewer drivers and pedestrians reported unsafe behaviors (errors and lapses for drivers; transgressions, aggressive behaviors, and lapses for pedestrians), and the more pedestrians reported positive behaviors. This finding can be explained by the fact that as the need of people to understand traffic signs increases, they avoid behaviors that will lead to accidents in traffic. For this reason, it can be predicted that comprehensively introducing children to traffic signs from an early age will contribute positively to road safety.

scholarly journals Distraction Potential of Vehicle-Based On-Road Projection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 12030
Author(s):  
Tobias Glück ◽  
Tobias Biermann ◽  
Alexander Wolf ◽  
Sören Budig ◽  
Arved Ziebehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blind Study ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
On The Road

With regard to autonomous driving, on-road projections cannot only be used for communication with the driver but also with other road users. Our study aims to investigate the distraction potential for other road users when on-road projections (e.g., for driver assistance) are used to communicate with the driver of the projecting vehicle. We perform this investigation in a blind study with 38 test persons who are overtaken six times on a constant motorway section by the projection vehicle. The distraction potential is examined with an eye-tracking system, which detects the direction of the subjects’ gaze. In addition, the subjects’ physiological perception of the headlight projection is recorded with a questionnaire afterward. Several test subjects looked at the projection for less than one second, which is well below the critical threshold for the distraction of 1.6 s. In the interviews, on the other hand, only one of the 38 test persons stated that a projection on the road was recognized. For the examined scenario, it is therefore deduced that on-road projections with the selected symbol shape and brightness do not lead to critical distraction.

scholarly journals Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition using Image Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1059-1063
Author(s):  
Mr. Mohammad Shabbir Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Gabor Filter ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Sign Detection ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Traffic Sign Detection ◽  
Detection And Recognition

Abstract: Now a days, automobiles became most convenient mode of transportation for everyone. As we know one of the most important functions, TSDR has become a popular research . It primarily involves the use of vehicle cameras to collect real- time road pictures and then recognize and identify traffic signs seen on the road, therefore delivering correct data to the driving system. With the advancement of science and technology, an increasing number of scholars are turning to deep learning technology to save time in traditional processes. From the training samples, this model can learn the deep features inside the autonomously. The accuracy and great efficiency of detection and identification are the subject of this essay. A deep convolution neural network algorithm is proposed to train traffic sign training sets using Caffe[3], an open-source framework, in order to obtain a model that can classify traffic signs and learn and identify the most critical of these traffic sign features, in order to achieve the goal of identifying traffic signs in the real world. Keywords: Traffic sign, Segmentation, Gabor filter, Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition (TSDR)

scholarly journals A Critical Review of Policies on Pedestrian Safety and a Case Study of New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajjima Soathong ◽  
Douglas Wilson ◽  
Prakash Ranjitkar ◽  
Subeh Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes ◽  
The Impact

Vulnerable road users contribute to nearly half of road deaths globally. In New Zealand, this group accounts for 26% of road deaths, which includes 8% of pedestrian crashes. This paper provides a critical review of the road safety policies from the pedestrian’s viewpoint for some of the best performing countries and discusses their effectiveness for the future. A case study is conducted for New Zealand to identify factors contributing to the pedestrian crashes and investigate the impact of the road safety policies on pedestrian crash trends. The policies are predominantly well informed by evidence-based approaches contributing to an overall reduction in the number of road crashes. However, little attention has been paid on pedestrian behaviour related to crashes. Finally, the paper makes recommendations for improving pedestrian safety to enable better safety outcomes that are closer to vision zero.

scholarly journals The Impact of Traffic Sign Quality on the Frequency of Traffic Accidents

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-558
Author(s):  
Marija Ferko ◽  
Ana Stažnik ◽  
Maja Modrić ◽  
Helena Dijanić
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Annual Average Daily Traffic ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

As part of an overall traffic signalling system, traffic signs warn the traffic participants, give information about the restrictions, prohibitions and obligations and provide additional information needed for a safe and undisturbed traffic flow. The traffic sign quality is expressed by its retroreflection and it is particularly pronounced in conditions of reduced visibility. The aim of this paper is to analyse how traffic signs quality affects the frequency of traffic accidents in low visibility conditions. For this purpose, traffic accidents and the quality of traffic signs were analysed on 130 state roads in the Republic of Croatia between 2013 and 2015. In the analysis several variables were used: the number of traffic accidents occurred under reduced visibility conditions, length of the road, AADT (Annual Average Daily Traffic) and the number of traffic signs that do not meet the minimum prescribed values of retroreflection. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between the accidents and unsatisfactory traffic signs, i.e. that with the increase in the number of traffic sings that do not have a satisfactory level of retroreflection, an increase in the number of accidents in reduced visibility conditions is expected.

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