scholarly journals The role of institutions in economic performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alise Vitola ◽  
Maija Senfelde
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Economic Regime

The purpose of the article is to survey the significant literature on the role of institutions – formal and informal constraints that affect investment in physical and human capital – in economic performance and propose a new, comprehensive definition and classification of institutions, as well as to develop a conceptual model to illustrate the interaction between institutions and socioeconomic development. The literature shows that institutions played an important role in facilitating technological progress and leading the world into the modern economic regime. Moreover, quantitative research proves that institutions significantly impact socioeconomic performance around the globe.

scholarly journals Robots as intelligent assistants to face COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Seidita ◽  
Francesco Lanza ◽  
Arianna Pipitone ◽  
Antonio Chella
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Intelligent Assistants

Abstract Motivation The epidemic at the beginning of this year, due to a new virus in the coronavirus family, is causing many deaths and is bringing the world economy to its knees. Moreover, situations of this kind are historically cyclical. The symptoms and treatment of infected patients are, for better or worse even for new viruses, always the same: more or less severe flu symptoms, isolation and full hygiene. By now man has learned how to manage epidemic situations, but deaths and negative effects continue to occur. What about technology? What effect has the actual technological progress we have achieved? In this review, we wonder about the role of robotics in the fight against COVID. It presents the analysis of scientific articles, industrial initiatives and project calls for applications from March to now highlighting how much robotics was ready to face this situation, what is expected from robots and what remains to do. Results The analysis was made by focusing on what research groups offer as a means of support for therapies and prevention actions. We then reported some remarks on what we think is the state of maturity of robotics in dealing with situations like COVID-19.

Human capital in the new development strategy of Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 410-423
Author(s):  
Konstantin Konstantinovich Kolin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
National Human ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Main Components

The article analyzes the modern concept of human capital and its role in the socioeconomic development of society. The structure of human capital in Russia and the state of its main components have been studied. The necessity of creating mechanisms for significantly more effective use of the intellectual potential of scientific and educational institutions of the country, as well as of the formation of a national innovation system, is shown. It is demonstrated that according to the World Bank estimates, today the national human capital in developing countries accounts for more than half of their national wealth, and in the developed countries of the world – for about 70-80%. Thus, human capital is now considered as the most important economic category, the importance of which will significantly increase in the 21st century. The author believes that it is advisable to use the positive experience of the functioning of such a system in China.

scholarly journals THE CLASSIFICA ASSIFICATION OF PHRASEOL TION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNI OGICAL UNITS WITH ONOMASTIC COMPONENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Marjona Akhmadovna Radjabova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
National Character ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

Abstract. The following article discusses the role of onomastic components in phraseological units and their meaning as well as giving a classification of onomastic components in phraseological units based on the materials of different structural languages. Through examples the author proves that the presence of names in the ancient rich phraseological layer of non-fraternal English, Russian and Uzbek languages is related to the national and cultural values, customs, ancient history, folklore and daily life of the peoples who speak this language. Besides, in the process of study of onomastic components it is also determined that names, along with forming their national character, are a factor giving information about the past of a particular nation. Background. In the world linguistics there have been carried out a series of researches in the field of the study of phraseological units with onomastic components in comparative-typological aspect revaling their national and cultural peculiarities, analyzing and classifying their content structurally and semantically

scholarly journals Messianism and UFO Sightings as Counterfactual Strategies of Enchantment of the World

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Piotr Urbanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
New World ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
World Order ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
New World Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

Summary In this text, I argue that there are numerous affinities between 19th century messianism and testimonies of UFO sightings, both of which I regarded as forms of secular millennialism. The common denominator for the comparison was Max Weber’s concept of “disenchantment of the world” in the wake of the Industrial Revolution which initiated the era of the dominance of rational thinking and technological progress. However, the period’s counterfactual narratives of enchantment did not repudiate technology as the source of all social and political evil—on the contrary, they variously redefined its function, imagining a possibility of a new world order. In this context, I analysed the social projects put forward by Polish Romantics in the first half of the 19th century, with emphasis on the role of technology as an agent of social change. Similarly, the imaginary technology described by UFO contactees often has a redemptive function and is supposed to bring solution to humanity’s most dangerous problems.

scholarly journals On the Cognitive Foundation of Lexical Classification of the Subject World

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Alexey D. Koshelev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cognition ◽  
Language Of Thought ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lexical Classification

The paper presents a language of thought (a set of cognitive units and relations) used to provide non-verbal definitions for the following five concepts: ARMCHAIR, MUG, RAVINE, LAKE, TREE. These definitions make it possible to describe concepts on two levels of specificity. On the first level, a concept is presented as a holistic cognitive unit. On the second, more specific, level, the same concept is viewed as a partitive system, i.e. a hierarchical system of its parts, the latter being smaller concepts into which the original holistic unit is decomposed. A hypothesis is advanced that such structure is inherent to all visible objects. The partitive system is argued to play a major role in human cognition. It, first, provides for an in-depth understanding of the perceived objects through understanding the role of their parts, and, second, underlies the formation of the hierarchy of concepts with respect to their generality. Besides, it can be considered as one of the defining properties of the human species as it accounts for the human ability to purposefully change the world.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMANITARIAN SPHERE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Е. В. Яковлева
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Social System ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
Scientific Ethics ◽  
Made In

В статье рассматриваются проблемы, связанные с современным уровнем развития науки и техники. Ставится вопрос о рисках, связанных с интенсивным технологическим развитием человеческого общества. Рассматриваются экологический, социальный, геополитический уровни приложения проблемы. Анализируется концепция Э. Фромма о балансе между техническим и духовным развитием, рассматривается теория А. П. Назаретяна о техно-гуманитарном балансе как условии выживания социальной системы. На основании проведенной в статье классификации исследовательских подходов оценивается роль современных исследований в области научной этики в разрешении проблемы и делается вывод о необходимости выхода на уровень практического ее разрешения. Consideration of the problems connected with the modern level of development of science and technology is made in the article. The question of the risks connected with intensive technological development of human society is raised. Ecological, social, geopolitical aspects of a problem are considered. Fromm’s concept about balance between technical and spiritual development is analyzed, A. P. Nazaretyan’s theory about technical and humanitarian balance as a condition of survival of social system is considered. On the basis of the classification of research approaches which is carried out in article the role of modern researches in the field of scientific ethics in solution of the problem is estimated and the conclusion about need of an exit to the level of her practical permission is drawn.

Wage Inequality on the Rise: The Role of Workers' Characteristics

2016 ◽  
pp. 99-123
Author(s):  
Guillermo Alves ◽  
Matías Brum ◽  
Mijail Yapor
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Public Sector Employment ◽  
The World

In recent decades, wage inequality has been an important factor behind the rise in income inequality around the world. The leading explanation for increased wage inequality has been the increasing returns to human capital, usually attributed to changing technology and globalization. This article studies the rise in wage inequality in Uruguay, a small open developing economy. In contrast with popular explanations, our results highlight a strong and gradual inequalizing effect of changes in workers’ characteristics, such as increased schooling and age, decline of public sector employment and contraction of employment in manufacturing together with increased employment in services.

Interactive effects of human capital in finance–economic growth nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1192-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muazu Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the interactive effect of human capital in financial development–economic growth nexus. Relative to the quantity-based measure of enrolment rates, the main aim was to determine how quality of human capital proxied by pupil–teacher ratio influences the relationship between domestic financial sector development and overall economic growth. Design/methodology/approach Data are obtained from the World Development Indicators of the World Bank for 29 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 1980–2014. The analyses were conducted using the system generalised method of moments within the endogenous growth framework while controlling for country-specific and time effects. The author also follows Papke and Wooldridge procedure in examining the long-run estimates of the variables of interest. Findings The key finding is that, while both human capital and financial development unconditionally promotes growth in both the short and long run, results from the interactive terms suggest that, irrespective of the measure of finance, financial sector development largely spurs growth on the back of quality human capital. This finding is also confirmed by the marginal and net effects where the interactive effect of pupil–teacher ratio and indicators of finance are consistently huge relative to the enrolment. Statistically, the results are robust to model specification. Practical implications While it is laudable for SSA countries to increase access to education, it is equally more crucial to increase the supply of teachers at the same time improving on the limited teaching and learning materials. Indeed, there are efforts to develop rather low levels of the financial sector owing to its unconditional growth effects. Beyond the direct benefit of finance, however, higher growth effect of finance is conditioned on the quality level of human capital. The outcome of this study should therefore reignite the recognition of the complementarity role of human capital and finance in economic growth process. Originality/value The study makes significant contributions to existing finance–growth literature in so many ways: first, the auhor extend the literature by empirically examining how different measures of human capital shape the finance–economic growth nexus. Through this the author is able to bring a different perspective in the literature highlighting the role of countries’ human capital stock in mediating the impact of financial deepening on economic growth. Second, the author makes a more systematic attempt to evaluate the relative importance of finance and human capital in growth process while controlling for several ancillary variables.

Mit der Großstadt aus der Armut: Eine neue Theorie der Industrialisierung

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Mathis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The One

AbstractThere is no doubt that industrialization was the main cause of modern economic welfare. The reasons for more or less industrialization in various regions of the world have been discussed widely for decades. However, a closer examination reveals that none of the controversial arguments and explanations put forward stand the test of empirical scrutiny. What has previously been ignored is the central role of large cities in provoking industrialization. Given all the other preconditions necessary for industrialization, it was finally the mass markets of large cities that made industrial mass production profitable for potential entrepreneurs. Thus, wherever large cities and urban agglomerations emerged in the world, industrialization followed suit. In a global and comparative perspective, industrialization was not so much a matter of countries but rather a matter of regions dividing the world into highly urbanized, industrialized and more prosperous regions on the one side, and still primarily rural, preindustrial and poorer regions on the other..

scholarly journals The Impact of Some Emerging Technologies in Modern Military Actions

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
Aurelian Raţiu ◽  
Onisim Roşu
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
International Laws ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Among the emerging technologies, artificial intelligence represents nowadays an area of interest for all of the states around the world, making the technological progress a huge step in human evolution. The future role of the man in military actions will not be to fight in the field anymore, making decisions on how and when to use the weapons in order to stop the incoming enemy while also respecting the international laws. With the help of technology, humanity could provide its much needed security and put an end to conflicts regardless of their nature, because devices are not capable of emotions and subjectivism, making them transparent and objective and transforming the decision making process into a simpler, fairer and legal action. Technology represents the future and man should adapt to it as soon as possible in order to reach the best outcomes even when it comes to war.

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