scholarly journals Methods and criteria for evaluation of asphalt mixture resistance to low temperature cracking

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judita Gražulytė ◽  
Audrius Vaitkus ◽  
Vitalijus Andrejevas ◽  
Gediminas Gribulis
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Specimen Test ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking

In cold regions and areas where there is a huge difference between high and low temperatures asphalt pavements are subject to low temperature cracking. The appeared cracks form pavement discontinuities, through which water penetrates into pavement structure. It reduces the bearing capacity of the whole pavement structure, weakens adhesion between bitumen and aggregate, affects bonding between layers and increases the development of frost heaves. A sealing of cracks deals with these issues. However, additional inspections after each winter have to be carried out to identify both cracks that have newly appeared and cracks that need to be resealed. These activities significantly increase road maintenance cost. Selection of the appropriate asphalt mixture by its performance at low temperatures reduces or even prevents low temperature cracking of asphalt pavements. A number of methods such as the Indirect Tensile Test, the Bending Beam Rheometer Test, the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test, Asphalt Thermal Cracking Analyser, the Single-Edge-Notched Beam Test, the Disc-Shaped Compact Tension Test, the Semi-Circular Bend Test, the Fenix Test, Asphalt Concrete Cracking Device and Spectral Analysis of Acoustic Emission are developed to evaluate asphalt mixture resistance to low temperature cracking. This paper presents an analysis of these tests, emphasizes their advantages and disadvantages and gives limiting criteria to evaluate asphalt mixture resistance to low temperature cracking. The test advantages and disadvantages are deciding factors in a test selection. Some tests such as the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test and Spectral Analysis of acoustic emission can directly reveal the lowest temperature at which asphalt mixture can withstand induced thermal stresses.

Prediction of Low-Temperature Cracking of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures with Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test Results

1996 ◽  
Vol 1545 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannele K. Zubeck ◽  
Ted S. Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Crack Spacing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Specimen Test ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking

A deterministic model and a probabilistic model were developed to predict low-temperature crack spacing as a function of time using thermal stress restrained specimen test results, pavement thickness and bulk density, pavement restraint conditions, and air temperature. The effect of aging on pavement properties was incorporated in the models by predicting the field aging with long-term oven aging treatment in the laboratory. The calculation of the crack spacing is based on the theory that the pavement slab cracks when the pavement temperature reaches the cracking temperature of the mixture and the slab is fully restrained. The deterministic model predicts crack spacing with time, whereas the probabilistic model predicts crack spacing and its variation with time and yields the reliability of the design with regard to a minimum acceptable crack spacing criterion defined by road authorities. The probabilistic model is recommended for use in predicting the low-temperature cracking of asphalt concrete mixtures.

Thermal Stress Analysis on Steel Bridge Deck with Epoxy Asphalt Concrete under Low Temperature Based on Viscous-Elastic Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 598 ◽  
pp. 504-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Yun Zhou ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
Epoxy Asphalt ◽  
Epoxy Asphalt Concrete

Epoxy asphalt concrete has been widely used in China as an excellent paving material on long-span steel bridges. Analysis of its low-temperature thermal stress can be a more accurate grasp of pavement low temperature stress condition. The bending creep test of epoxy asphalt mixture was carried out at low temperatures to obtain the creep compliances and determine the relaxation module. Then the principal curves of the relaxation module were regressed in a form of Prony progression expression by Matlab. The relaxation module was further converted to the parameters needed in the viscous-elastic module in ANSYS software. Finally, a three-dimensional full-scale Finite Element model for steel box girder and asphalt overlay was constructed to analyze the stress scenario under low temperatures for the duration of 48 hours. The maximum temperature stress was only 2.45 MPa at a temperature of -20.4°C and thus no shrinkage cracks will occur.

Comparisons of analytical and approximate interconversion methods for thermal stress computation

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 705-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Cannone Falchetto ◽  
Ki Hoon Moon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Relaxation Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Approximate Methods ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking ◽  
Stress Computation ◽  
Boundary Limits

In the northern US and Canada, low temperature cracking represents a significant distress for asphalt pavements. As temperature drops thermal stress develops in the restrained asphalt surface layer and when it reaches a critical value cracking occurs. For this reason, thermal stress is a crucial parameter for evaluating the low temperature pavement performance. Conventionally, thermal stress is computed by converting creep compliance into its corresponding relaxation modulus based on different techniques. In this paper, five analytical and approximate interconversion methods are used to obtain the asphalt binder thermal stress and the results are graphically and statistically compared. Clear differences in thermal stress are found when using power law based interrelationships in comparison with the numerical solution of the convolution integral according to Hopkins and Hamming’s algorithm. Nevertheless, the approximate methods provide a simpler approach for determining satisfactory upper and lower boundary limits when estimating the thermal stress of asphalt binder.

scholarly journals The Stress Relaxation Of Modified Bitumens

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Coufalík ◽  
Ondřej Dašek ◽  
Jiří Kachtík ◽  
Jan Kudrna ◽  
Svatopluk Stoklásek
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Modification System ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking ◽  
Temperature Susceptibility

Abstract The Asphalt pavements in Central and Eastern Europe have to be resistant to high and very low temperatures and climatic changes. Especially emphasize influence of low temperatures seems to be critical parameter. That is why the modified bitumens with low temperature susceptibility and with high resistance to low temperature cracking are searched for. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) can be used as a quick method that can evaluate the modification system of bituminous binders. The advantage of DSR testing is also related to possibility of comparison of unaged and aged bitumen. The relaxations of shear stress of several asphalt rubber binders (containing 11 %, 13 %, 15 % and 17 % of crumb rubber) and paving bitumen were determined in DSR at the temperature of 0 °C and −10 °C. Relaxation tests were performed in the controlled strain regime. Total shear strain (rotation of upper geometry) was set to 1 % of the sample thickness and stress was applied for 60 s. Relaxation time was set to a period of 15 minutes. The shear stress relaxation behaviour of unaged bitumens and bitumens aged after 75 minutes and 225 minutes in Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT) is presented and discussed.

Field Validation of Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test: Six Case Histories

1996 ◽  
Vol 1545 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannele K. Zubeck ◽  
Huayang Zeng ◽  
Ted S. Vinson ◽  
Vincent C. Janoo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Field Validation ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Specimen Test ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking

Construction histories, cracking observations, and temperature data were collected for five test roads in Alaska, Pennsylvania, and Finland. A full-scale and fully controlled low-temperature cracking test program was conducted at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. Specimens were fabricated in the laboratory with original asphalt cements and aggregates from the test roads. The thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) results obtained for these samples were correlated with the field observations. On the basis of a statistical analysis of the data, the TSRST fracture temperature is associated with the field cracking temperature and crack frequency for the test roads where mixture properties dominated low-temperature cracking. It was concluded that the TSRST can be used to simulate low-temperature cracking of asphalt concrete mixtures.

The Research of Low Temperature Performance of Asphalt Mixture

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 2507-2512
Author(s):  
Cai Li Zhang ◽  
Lian Yu Wei ◽  
Qing Ying Meng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Low Temperature Performance

To address Superpave graded and AC graded asphalt mixture, bending test at low temperature and thermal stress restrained sample tests are used respectively to evaluate the low temperature performance of asphalt mixture. Meanwhile, contrast analysis of the two test methods and the low temperature performance of two asphalt mixture are studied, too. The results show that Superpave method can effectively improve low temperature perfomance of asphalt mixture. In the thermal stress restrained sample tests, freezing temperature and transition point temperature can evaluate the low temperature cracking resistance of Superpave asphalt mixture well. In bending test at low temperature, bending strain energy density should be considered as evaluation index to the characterization for low temperature performance of asphalt mixture. That also closely meets the result of the rmal stress restrained sample tests.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Low Temperature Cracking of Asphalt Mixture Modified with PPA Using Acoustic Emission Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.20) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Kodadadi ◽  
Ali Khodaii
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Limestone Aggregate ◽  
Failure Energy ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Good Agreement

In this study, the behavior of asphalt mixture was studied using non-destructive Acoustic Emission (AE) technique at low temperatures. For this purpose, two types of bitumen 60/70 and 85/100 with two types of limestone and Silica aggregate were used to construct asphalt mixtures. Polyphosphoric acid (PPA) was used to modify the bitumen in the dosage of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of bitumen weight. Semicircular bending test (SCB) under a steady increasing strain at a rate of 3mm/min was conducted at 0, -10-, and -20 °C. Two AE channels were used to record the Sinusoid output around the crack of SCB sample during crack growth. Analysis of the results obtained from this study using SPSS software indicates that there is a significant relationship between the failure energy of SCB samples and the number of impacts received from AEs. Furthermore, AE energy has a good agreement with the sample failure energy. According to the failure criterion, asphalt mixtures containing 85/100 bitumen modified by 1.0% of PPA and limestone aggregate exhibit more crack resistance among other compositions.  

The Analysis of Acoustic Emission Code and the Research of Acoustic Emission Signal of P355NL1 Under Low Temperature of −40°C

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Biao ◽  
Xiaoying Tang ◽  
Nie Liang ◽  
Yao Jianping ◽  
Li Jianrong
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Acoustic Emission Signal ◽  
Tensile Specimen ◽  
Acoustic Emission Method ◽  
Emission Method ◽  
Storage Vessel ◽  
Emission Signal ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Specimen Test

The latest content of acoustic emission code GB/T18182-2012 are shown in this paper. The differences of GB/T18182-2012 and GB18182-2000 are summarized. Acoustic emission method was used to inspect the whole process of tensile specimen test under the temperature of 0°C, −20°C and −50°C. Based on the characteristics of the signal of different temperature condition, some difference of these signals was analyzed and discussed. By using the above result, acoustic emission was applied to inspect a drikold storage vessel.

Behaviour of recycled asphalt pavements at low temperatures

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sargious ◽  
N. Mushule
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking ◽  
Proper Comparison ◽  
Better Than

This paper summarizes the results of a study conducted to evaluate the behaviour of recycled asphalt pavements with respect to low-temperature cracking. For this purpose, a recycled mix consisting of 45.2% reclaimed materials and 54.8% virgin materials as well as a virgin control mix were used in the research program. In the design of both mixes, their initial properties were kept as close as possible to each other to allow for a proper comparison between recycled and virgin asphalt pavements. Using mix properties that were determined experimentally in the laboratory, thermal stresses resulted from drop in temperature and the expected cracking temperatures were determined for both mixes. An experimental analysis based on laboratory tests that consider the pavement properties only as well as a more complete theoretical analysis based on a finite element computer program known as FETAB were included in this study. The program incorporates subgrade parameters, as well as pavement properties and thickness. Using these variables as inputs to the program, the expected performance of recycled and virgin asphalt pavements of various thicknesses and resting on different types of subgrade, with respect to low-temperature cracking, was studied. The results of the study indicated that recycled asphalt pavements would perform better than virgin asphalt pavements of similar initial properties. Key words: asphalt, finite element, low-temperature cracking, reclaimed, recycled, thermal stresses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document