scholarly journals Combined effects of short-day treatment and fall fertilization on growth, nutrient status, and spring bud break of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
J Pan ◽  
DF Jacobs ◽  
G Li
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Short Day

Influence of photoperiod on shoot and root frost tolerance and bud phenology of white spruce seedlings (Piceaglauca)

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine J. Bigras ◽  
André L. D'Aoust
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Treatment Delays ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Dead Tissue

To determine frost tolerance of shoots and roots and the phenology of apical buds under different photoperiods during hardening and dehardening, 16-week-old white spruce seedlings (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were hardened in growth chambers under 8-, 10-, 12-, and 14-h photoperiods for 14 d at 15:10 °C, followed by 14 d at each of the day:night temperatures of 12:8 °C, 10:5 °C, 5:2 °C under 13-h photoperiod, and finally, stored for 35 d at 0:0 °C in darkness. Afterwards, deacclimation conditions consisted of 14 d at 10:5 °C and 17 d at 15:10 °C with 15-h photoperiod. Frost tolerance was assessed at intervals, and phenology of apical buds was monitored by visual examination. The root dry mass remaining after removal of dead tissue was weighed 30 d after the freezing test to estimate frost damage to the root system. Results showed that hardening of shoots was influenced by photoperiod, whereas hardening of roots responded only to temperature. Frost tolerance of shoots was enhanced and bud formation accelerated under 8-h photoperiod. After 56 d of acclimation, frost tolerance of shoots reached −30, −17, −17, and −12 °C under photoperiods of 8, 10, 12, and 14 h, respectively. Bud break occurred earlier, in a similar fashion for plants treated with 8- and 10-h photoperiods. The root dry mass remaining after removal of dead tissue provided a reliable estimate of frost damage to root systems. Finally, we propose that short-day treatment accelerates and long-day treatment delays the dormancy development, thus causing all developmental processes to be affected. Consequently, hardiness development can also be accelerated by short-day treatment or delayed by long-day treatment, resulting in faster rates of hardening, dehardening, and bud break for seedlings of the short-day treatment, whereas long-day treatment delays those processes. These results complement the analysis of dehardening and bud break in the degree growth stage model described by L.H. Fuchigami and coworkers.

Hardening and dehardening of shoots and roots of containerized black spruce and white spruce seedlings under short and long days

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine J. Blgras ◽  
André L. D'aoust
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Response To Temperature

Containerized black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings that were 120 days old were acclimated under short-day (8-h photoperiod) and long-day (16-h photoperiod) conditions at 10 °C for 12 h and 5 °C for 12 h for 28 days. Afterwards, they were exposed to 3 °C (8-h photoperiod) for 21 days and to 0 °C (without light) for 28 days. Finally, seedlings were dehardened at 10 °C (14-h photoperiod) for 21 days. Hardening of needles, excised stem parts, and whole seedlings was increased by short-day treatment, whereas roots hardened only in response to lowering of temperature. Whole seedlings and needles exposed to the short-day treatment dehardened earlier, whereas roots dehardened only in response to temperature changes. Bud formation was not influenced by photoperiod treatment, but seedlings exposed to the short-day treatment had an earlier bud break. No significant difference was observed between photoperiod treatments for water, sugar, and mineral content of shoots and roots prior to or during dehardening.

Frost hardiness, height, and dormancy of 15 short-day, nursery-treated interior spruce seed lots

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1096-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
C DB Hawkins ◽  
K B Shewan
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Day Nursery

Fifteen seed lots, five each from natural-stand, seed-orchard, and full-sib collections, of interior spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm., and their naturally occurring hybrids) were sown in February 1993. One half of each seed lot received an ambient photoperiod (control) treatment, while the other half got a blackout (short-day) treatment. All seedlings were grown under ambient photoperiod except during the 17 days of blackout. Frost hardiness assessments were done between July and May. Blackout treatment was effective in regulating height and promoting frost hardiness in all seed lots, particularly vigorous ones. Seed lots originating from high latitude or elevation were more frost hardy both at fall lift and spring planting. Full-sib seed lots from similar latitude displayed no elevational frost-hardiness trend. Blackout treatment promoted seedling dormancy (estimated with days to bud break) at lift, but it had little or no effect on dormancy at planting. Seedling dormancy and frost hardiness were acquired and lost differently, suggesting that they are independent physiological processes. Blackout treatment significantly reduced new roots at planting in all lots. This could retard early field performance and negate the apparent utility of blackout treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of daylength on vernalization of winter rye. 2. Continued experiments with short-day vernalization in winter rye.

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
T.A. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Optimum Duration ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Accelerate Development ◽  
Short Days

In vernalization trials with winter rye, short-day treatment prior to cold treatment was capable of inducing accelerated development and early ear emergence even when the temperature during the former treatment was 25 degrees C. Short days imposed during protracted cold treatments could also accelerate development provided that the optimum duration of short-day vernalization (about 14 days) was not exceeded. Results confirmed the assumption that cold vernalization and short-day vernalization were different processes. [See also F.C.A. 18: 1236].-R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Managing flowering time in Miscanthus and sugarcane to facilitate intra- and intergeneric crosses

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0240390
Author(s):  
Hongxu Dong ◽  
Lindsay V. Clark ◽  
Xiaoli Jin ◽  
Kossonou Anzoua ◽  
Larisa Bagmet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Culm Length ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Short Days

Miscanthus is a close relative of Saccharum and a potentially valuable genetic resource for improving sugarcane. Differences in flowering time within and between Miscanthus and Saccharum hinders intra- and interspecific hybridizations. A series of greenhouse experiments were conducted over three years to determine how to synchronize flowering time of Saccharum and Miscanthus genotypes. We found that day length was an important factor influencing when Miscanthus and Saccharum flowered. Sugarcane could be induced to flower in a central Illinois greenhouse using supplemental lighting to reduce the rate at which days shortened during the autumn and winter to 1 min d-1, which allowed us to synchronize the flowering of some sugarcane genotypes with Miscanthus genotypes primarily from low latitudes. In a complementary growth chamber experiment, we evaluated 33 Miscanthus genotypes, including 28 M. sinensis, 2 M. floridulus, and 3 M. ×giganteus collected from 20.9° S to 44.9° N for response to three day lengths (10 h, 12.5 h, and 15 h). High latitude-adapted M. sinensis flowered mainly under 15 h days, but unexpectedly, short days resulted in short, stocky plants that did not flower; in some cases, flag leaves developed under short days but heading did not occur. In contrast, for M. sinensis and M. floridulus from low latitudes, shorter day lengths typically resulted in earlier flowering, and for some low latitude genotypes, 15 h days resulted in no flowering. However, the highest ratio of reproductive shoots to total number of culms was typically observed for 12.5 h or 15 h days. Latitude of origin was significantly associated with culm length, and the shorter the days, the stronger the relationship. Nearly all entries achieved maximal culm length under the 15 h treatment, but the nearer to the equator an accession originated, the less of a difference in culm length between the short-day treatments and the 15 h day treatment. Under short days, short culms for high-latitude accessions was achieved by different physiological mechanisms for M. sinensis genetic groups from the mainland in comparison to those from Japan; for mainland accessions, the mechanism was reduced internode length, whereas for Japanese accessions the phyllochron under short days was greater than under long days. Thus, for M. sinensis, short days typically hastened floral induction, consistent with the expectations for a facultative short-day plant. However, for high latitude accessions of M. sinensis, days less than 12.5 h also signaled that plants should prepare for winter by producing many short culms with limited elongation and development; moreover, this response was also epistatic to flowering. Thus, to flower M. sinensis that originates from high latitudes synchronously with sugarcane, the former needs day lengths >12.5 h (perhaps as high as 15 h), whereas that the latter needs day lengths <12.5 h.

scholarly journals Effects of Photoperiodism and Other Factors on the Improvement of Pigeonpea Varieties

1969 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-235
Author(s):  
Arturo Riollano
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Length Of Day ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Late Variety ◽  
Polyethylene Bags

Studies on the effects of photoperiodism and other factors were conducted to obtain information which might be useful in a breeding program with pigeonpeas. The information was sought for accelerating this work in a region where extremes of day-length vary by only 2 hours because of its location in latitude 18°. By shortening the length of day to 8 hours through the use of a darkroom, and planting during the month of February, it was possible to induce flower formation 4 months earlier in two early varieties and 7 weeks earlier in a late variety. However, this short-day treatment did not appreciably affect the time of flower induction in an all-season, or "Totiempo" variety. One-gallon tin-can containers and 10-inch polyethylene bags were found satisfactory for growing pigeonpea plants of different varieties.

scholarly journals Photoperiodic Response of Peanut Species1

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Stalker ◽  
J. C. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Arachis Species ◽  
Short Day ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Wild Peanut ◽  
Short Days

Abstract Many Arachis species collections do not produce pegs in North Carolina even though they flower profusely. To investigate reasons for the failure of fruiting, nine wild peanut species of section Arachis and three A. hypogaea cultivars representing spanish, valencia and virginia types were evaluated for response to short and long-day treatments in the North Carolina State Phytotron Unit of the Southeastern Environmental Laboratories. The objective of this investigation was to determine the flowering and fruiting responses of Arachis species to short and long-day photoperiods. Plant collections grown under a 9-hour short-day treatment were generally less vigorous, but produced more pegs than corresponding plants grown in long-day treatments which were produced by 9 hours of light plus a 3-hour interruption of the dark period. Annual species produced significantly more flowers and pegs than perennial species during both long and short days. The total number of flowers produced ranged from 0 during short days for A. correntina to more than 300 for A. cardenasii in long-day treatments. Only one plant of each species A. chacoense and A. villosa, and no plants of A. correntina, flowered in short days. Total numbers of pegs produced in short-day treatments were generally greater than in long-day treatments and the ratio of total number of pegs/total number of flowers was consistently greater during short-day treatments. A general trend was observed for more flowers produced in long-day treatments, but more pegs produced in short days. This study indicated that photoperiod can be manipulated to increase the seed set of some species and the success rate of obtaining certain interspecific hybrids. Furthermore, introgression from wild to cultivated species may possibly alter the reproductive capacity of A. hypogaea to photoperiod.

Magnesium localization in shoot apices during flower induction in Pharbitis nil

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1908-1916
Author(s):  
Natsuko I. Kobayashi ◽  
Keitaro Tanoi ◽  
Tomoko M. Nakanishi
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Induction Process ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
First Time ◽  
Flowering Process

We present the potential involvement of Mg2+ in the flowering mechanism in the shoot apex of the short-day plant Pharbitis nil (L.). To analyze elemental distribution in shoot apical meristems, fluorescence staining methods with Mag-fluo-4 AM and Fluo-3 AM were used. The former is sensitive to both Mg2+ and Ca2+, and the latter is a specific Ca2+ indicator. When plants were grown under continuous light conditions, some cells with intensive fluorescence of Mg2+ appeared in the top layers of the shoot apical meristem. During growth in the vegetative phase, cells in the center of the top layers accumulated large amounts of Mg2+. Exposure to a single 16 h short-day treatment induced the flowering process and dramatically reduced the fluorescence associated with Mg2+ accumulation in the top layers, suggesting that Mg2+ contributes to the flower induction process. The fluorescence associated with Ca2+ did not show this distribution difference between growth phases. A night-break treatment also influenced the fluorescence pattern. It was suggested for the first time that Mg2+ plays an important role in flower induction.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Storability of Norway Spruce Container Seedlings in Freezer Storage as Affected by Short-Day Treatment

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Johanna Riikonen ◽  
Jaana Luoranen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Freezer Storage ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Determination of safe times at which to transfer seedlings to freezer storage is problematic in forest tree nurseries. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between pre-storage frost hardiness (FH) of different plant parts, dry matter content (DMC), chilling hours (the sum of hours when temperature was between −5 °C and +5 °C), and post-storage vitality, and the impact of short-day (SD) treatment on these relationships. One and a half year old control seedlings and SD-treated seedlings of Norway spruce were transferred to freezer storage (−3 °C) on five occasions during autumn. On each occasion, the FH of buds, needles, stem, and roots, as well as DMC, were determined, and chilling hours were calculated. The vitality of the freezer-stored seedlings was determined through their root growth capacity in the subsequent spring, and through the field performance of the seedlings (shoot growth and seedling damage) at the end of the following two growing seasons. Seedlings were considered to be storable when the FH of the needles was at least −25 °C, and the FH of the roots was about −10 °C in both treatments. Early storage reduced the vitality of the seedlings. SD treatment did not advance the storability of the seedlings, although it alleviated some of the negative effects of early storage by improving the FH of needles and stem, but not that of the roots. The DMC value, indicating storability, was higher for SD-treated seedlings than for control seedlings. When data from five experiments conducted in Suonenjoki were combined, it was found that the relationship between accumulation of chilling hours and needle FH was dependent on nursery treatment and assessment year, which reduces the reliability of using chilling hours in predicting the storability of Norway spruce seedlings. The predicted climate change may complicate the fall acclimation of seedlings. New, user-friendly methods for determining storability of seedlings are urgently needed.

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