Hardening and dehardening of shoots and roots of containerized black spruce and white spruce seedlings under short and long days

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine J. Blgras ◽  
André L. D'aoust
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Response To Temperature

Containerized black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings that were 120 days old were acclimated under short-day (8-h photoperiod) and long-day (16-h photoperiod) conditions at 10 °C for 12 h and 5 °C for 12 h for 28 days. Afterwards, they were exposed to 3 °C (8-h photoperiod) for 21 days and to 0 °C (without light) for 28 days. Finally, seedlings were dehardened at 10 °C (14-h photoperiod) for 21 days. Hardening of needles, excised stem parts, and whole seedlings was increased by short-day treatment, whereas roots hardened only in response to lowering of temperature. Whole seedlings and needles exposed to the short-day treatment dehardened earlier, whereas roots dehardened only in response to temperature changes. Bud formation was not influenced by photoperiod treatment, but seedlings exposed to the short-day treatment had an earlier bud break. No significant difference was observed between photoperiod treatments for water, sugar, and mineral content of shoots and roots prior to or during dehardening.

Influence of photoperiod on shoot and root frost tolerance and bud phenology of white spruce seedlings (Piceaglauca)

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine J. Bigras ◽  
André L. D'Aoust
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Treatment Delays ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Dead Tissue

To determine frost tolerance of shoots and roots and the phenology of apical buds under different photoperiods during hardening and dehardening, 16-week-old white spruce seedlings (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were hardened in growth chambers under 8-, 10-, 12-, and 14-h photoperiods for 14 d at 15:10 °C, followed by 14 d at each of the day:night temperatures of 12:8 °C, 10:5 °C, 5:2 °C under 13-h photoperiod, and finally, stored for 35 d at 0:0 °C in darkness. Afterwards, deacclimation conditions consisted of 14 d at 10:5 °C and 17 d at 15:10 °C with 15-h photoperiod. Frost tolerance was assessed at intervals, and phenology of apical buds was monitored by visual examination. The root dry mass remaining after removal of dead tissue was weighed 30 d after the freezing test to estimate frost damage to the root system. Results showed that hardening of shoots was influenced by photoperiod, whereas hardening of roots responded only to temperature. Frost tolerance of shoots was enhanced and bud formation accelerated under 8-h photoperiod. After 56 d of acclimation, frost tolerance of shoots reached −30, −17, −17, and −12 °C under photoperiods of 8, 10, 12, and 14 h, respectively. Bud break occurred earlier, in a similar fashion for plants treated with 8- and 10-h photoperiods. The root dry mass remaining after removal of dead tissue provided a reliable estimate of frost damage to root systems. Finally, we propose that short-day treatment accelerates and long-day treatment delays the dormancy development, thus causing all developmental processes to be affected. Consequently, hardiness development can also be accelerated by short-day treatment or delayed by long-day treatment, resulting in faster rates of hardening, dehardening, and bud break for seedlings of the short-day treatment, whereas long-day treatment delays those processes. These results complement the analysis of dehardening and bud break in the degree growth stage model described by L.H. Fuchigami and coworkers.

EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD ON DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF WHITE SPRUCE SEEDLINGS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Vaartaja
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
The Other ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Other Hand

Seedlings of Picea glauca were grown for 2 months under three photoperiodic treatments. Short day treatment induced early terminal dormancy and resistance to severe drought treatment. Long day treatments, on the other hand, allowed prolonged growth of most seedlings and made them susceptible to drought.

scholarly journals SHORT DAY TREATMENTS CAUSE EARLY DEHARDENING IN CONIFER SEEDLINGS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1090b-1090
Author(s):  
F.J. Bigras ◽  
A.L. D'Aoust
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Bud Phenology ◽  
Whole Plants

Seventeen weeks old white spruce seedlings were hardened under 8 h or 16 h photoperiod for 28 d at 15°C (12 h) followed by 21 d at 3°C (8 h photoperiod) and 28 d at 0°C without light. Dehardening conditions were a 14 h photoperiod at 10°C for 21 d followed by 18 d at 20°C. Frost tolerance of whole plants and exised organs were measured at regular intervals. An earlier rehardening was observed for plants hardened under short day treatments. Similar results have been reported for black spruce in independant studies. Hypotheses to explain this phenomenon will be presented based on bud phenology, mineral content, sugar analyses and morphological data.

scholarly journals Deep Planting Has No Short- or Long-Term Effect on the Survival and Growth of White Spruce, Black Spruce, and Jack Pine

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Paquette ◽  
Jean-Pierre Girard ◽  
Denis Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tukey Honestly Significant Difference

Abstract Although studies in the past have reported that the deeper planting of conifers has no effect on seedling performance, most planting guidelines in use today still recommend that seedlings be planted to the rootcollar. Past studies were mostly observational, used bareroot seedlings, and often reported early results from just one or two depths of planting treatments. Most of the results available regarding planting depth for boreal species are anecdotal, although they are planted by the hundreds of millions every year. The present study reports no short-term (1 year) or long-term (15 to 19 years) negative effect of planting depth on the survival and height and diameter growth of black spruce, white spruce, and jack pine seedlings over three large, replicated experiments in the boreal forest of eastern and northern Quebec (eastern Canada). Four different depth treatments were compared, from manual planting at the rootcollar to the deepest mechanical planting treatment at 10 cm or more, making this the largest, longest-lasting study of its kind. Although, as expected, important differences in growth were present between species, all three commonly planted conifers reacted similarly to the planting depth treatments (no effect). This result can in part be attributed to an almost perfect control of frost heaving in the deepest two treatments. Planting depth effects were assessed using analysis of variance, multiple Tukey honestly significant difference, and uncorrected pairwise one-tailed t-tests to increase the probability of detecting a negative effect. Absolute differences and effect sizes (generally small and often positive with greater depths) were also analyzed.

scholarly journals Flowering and Morphogenesis of Kalanchoe in Response to Quality and Intensity of Night Interruption Light

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Dong Kang ◽  
Hai Jeong ◽  
Yoo Park ◽  
Byoung Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
White Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Closed Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Factory ◽  
White Light Emitting Diodes

The effects of the quality and intensity of night interruption light (NIL) on the flowering and morphogenesis of kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) ‘Lipstick’ and ‘Spain’ were investigated. Plants were raised in a closed-type plant factory under 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD white light emitting diodes (LEDs) with additional light treatments. These treatments were designated long day (LD, 16 h light, 8 h dark), short day (SD, 8 h light, 16 h dark), and SD with a 4 h night interruption (NI). The NIL was constructed from 10 μmol·m−2·s−1 or 20 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD blue (NI-B), red (NI-R), white (NI-W), or blue and white (NI-BW) LEDs. In ‘Spain’, the SPAD value, area and thickness of leaves and plant height increased in the NI treatment as compared to the SD treatment. In ‘Lipstick’, most morphogenetic characteristics in the NI treatment showed no significant difference to those in the SD treatment. For both cultivars, plants in SD were significantly shorter than those in other treatments. The flowering of Kalanchoe ‘Lipstick’ was not affected by the NIL quality, while Kalanchoe ‘Spain’ flowered when grown in SD and 10 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD NI-B. These results suggest that the NIL quality and intensity affect the morphogenesis and flowering of kalanchoe, and that different cultivars are affected differently. There is a need to further assess the effects of the NIL quality and intensity on the morphogenesis and flowering of short-day plants for practical NIL applications.

scholarly journals Photoperiodic Response of Peanut Species1

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Stalker ◽  
J. C. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Arachis Species ◽  
Short Day ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Wild Peanut ◽  
Short Days

Abstract Many Arachis species collections do not produce pegs in North Carolina even though they flower profusely. To investigate reasons for the failure of fruiting, nine wild peanut species of section Arachis and three A. hypogaea cultivars representing spanish, valencia and virginia types were evaluated for response to short and long-day treatments in the North Carolina State Phytotron Unit of the Southeastern Environmental Laboratories. The objective of this investigation was to determine the flowering and fruiting responses of Arachis species to short and long-day photoperiods. Plant collections grown under a 9-hour short-day treatment were generally less vigorous, but produced more pegs than corresponding plants grown in long-day treatments which were produced by 9 hours of light plus a 3-hour interruption of the dark period. Annual species produced significantly more flowers and pegs than perennial species during both long and short days. The total number of flowers produced ranged from 0 during short days for A. correntina to more than 300 for A. cardenasii in long-day treatments. Only one plant of each species A. chacoense and A. villosa, and no plants of A. correntina, flowered in short days. Total numbers of pegs produced in short-day treatments were generally greater than in long-day treatments and the ratio of total number of pegs/total number of flowers was consistently greater during short-day treatments. A general trend was observed for more flowers produced in long-day treatments, but more pegs produced in short days. This study indicated that photoperiod can be manipulated to increase the seed set of some species and the success rate of obtaining certain interspecific hybrids. Furthermore, introgression from wild to cultivated species may possibly alter the reproductive capacity of A. hypogaea to photoperiod.

Survival and growth of black and white spruce seedlings in relation to stock type, site preparation and plantation type in southeastern Manitoba

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
J. Aurea Siemens ◽  
Vince Keenan ◽  
Daniel Philippot
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Open Versus ◽  
Root Collar

Differences in survival and growth of black and white spruce seedlings planted on boreal mixedwood sites were tested for stock types (transplant versus container), site preparation (Donaren disc trenching versus no trenching), and plantation types (open versus sheltered) in southeastern Manitoba after eight or nine growing seasons. Mortality of open plantation (32.3%) and container stock (32.5%) were significantly higher than sheltered plantation (23.7%) and transplant stock (22.8%), respectively. Donaren trenching slightly reduced the mortality of black spruce but significantly increased the mortality of white spruce. Seedlings of container stock (110 cm) were significantly shorter than transplant stock (157 cm). Significant difference in height was found between open and sheltered plantations for black spruce but not for white spruce. Root collar diameter of container stock (15.6 mm) was significantly smaller than transplant stock (23.1 mm). Root collar diameter in sheltered plantations was significantly larger than that in open plantations for black spruce but not for white spruce. Black spruce open plantation had significantly smaller volume (97 cm3) compare to black spruce sheltered (210 cm3) and white spruce open (175 cm3) and sheltered (229 cm3) plantations. White spruce open plantations also had smaller volume than white spruce sheltered plantations. Container stock had smaller volume (89 cm3) than transplant stock (267 cm3). For transplant stock, strip plantations had a significantly higher volume (329 cm3) than open plantations (204 cm3). Based on above results, we recommend that (1) transplant stock should be used, (2) sheltered plantation site preparation should be used on boreal mixedwood sites, and (3) Donaren disc-trenching is not necessary for planting white spruce. Key words: silviculture, boreal mixedwood site, plantation

Eucalyptus Physiology. I. Photoperiodic Responses

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Paton
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Photoperiodic Responses ◽  
Response To Temperature

Seedlings of selected Eucalyptus species grown under factorial combinations of temperature and photoperiod showed greater response to temperature than to photoperiod. In a few cases maximum growth occurred at an optimum photoperiod of about 12 hr. Growth responses to an increase of low intensity light from 8 to 12 hr were usually of the quantitative, long-day type. The 12 hr optimum was associated with quantitative, short-day responses that may occur with an increase ;n photoperiod from 12 to 16 hr. These optima rarely occurred at more than one growing temperature for any one species or seed source. Such temperature dependence, combined with the small magnitude of the two types of response and with the variability among species, may explain many of the hitherto equivocal results on the effect of photoperiod in Eucalyptus. Long-day responses were more common than short-day responses but whether associated with a photoperiod optimum or not, both response types appeared to be largely unrelated to the latitude and to altitude of the seed source. This contrasts with the behaviour of northern hemisphere vegetation.

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