scholarly journals An Assessment of Storability of Norway Spruce Container Seedlings in Freezer Storage as Affected by Short-Day Treatment

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Johanna Riikonen ◽  
Jaana Luoranen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Freezer Storage ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Determination of safe times at which to transfer seedlings to freezer storage is problematic in forest tree nurseries. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between pre-storage frost hardiness (FH) of different plant parts, dry matter content (DMC), chilling hours (the sum of hours when temperature was between −5 °C and +5 °C), and post-storage vitality, and the impact of short-day (SD) treatment on these relationships. One and a half year old control seedlings and SD-treated seedlings of Norway spruce were transferred to freezer storage (−3 °C) on five occasions during autumn. On each occasion, the FH of buds, needles, stem, and roots, as well as DMC, were determined, and chilling hours were calculated. The vitality of the freezer-stored seedlings was determined through their root growth capacity in the subsequent spring, and through the field performance of the seedlings (shoot growth and seedling damage) at the end of the following two growing seasons. Seedlings were considered to be storable when the FH of the needles was at least −25 °C, and the FH of the roots was about −10 °C in both treatments. Early storage reduced the vitality of the seedlings. SD treatment did not advance the storability of the seedlings, although it alleviated some of the negative effects of early storage by improving the FH of needles and stem, but not that of the roots. The DMC value, indicating storability, was higher for SD-treated seedlings than for control seedlings. When data from five experiments conducted in Suonenjoki were combined, it was found that the relationship between accumulation of chilling hours and needle FH was dependent on nursery treatment and assessment year, which reduces the reliability of using chilling hours in predicting the storability of Norway spruce seedlings. The predicted climate change may complicate the fall acclimation of seedlings. New, user-friendly methods for determining storability of seedlings are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Successive Harvests Modulate the Productive and Physiological Behavior of Three Genovese Pesto Basil Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Luigi Formisano ◽  
Michele Ciriello ◽  
Christophe El-Nakhel ◽  
Marios C. Kyriacou ◽  
Youssef Rouphael
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
The Impact

In the Italian culinary tradition, young and tender leaves of Genovese basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) are used to prepare pesto sauce, a tasty condiment that attracts the interest of the food processing industry. Like other leafy or aromatic vegetables, basil is harvested more than once during the crop cycle to maximize yield. However, the mechanical stress induced by successive cuts can affect crucial parameters associated with pesto processing (leaf/stem ratio, stem diameter, and dry matter). Our research accordingly aimed to evaluate the impact of successive harvests on three field-grown Genovese basil cultivars (“Aroma 2”, “Eleonora” and “Italiano Classico”) in terms of production, physiological behavior, and technological parameters. Between the first and second harvest, marketable fresh yield and shoot dry biomass increased by 148.4% and 172.9%, respectively; by contrast, the leaf-to-stem ratio decreased by 22.5%, while the dry matter content was unchanged. The increased fresh yield and shoot dry biomass at the second harvest derived from improved photosynthetic efficiency, which enabled higher net CO2 assimilation, Fv/Fm and transpiration as well as reduced stomatal resistance. Our findings suggest that, under the Mediterranean environment, “Italiano Classico” carries superior productive performance and optimal technological characteristics in line with industrial requirements. These promising results warrant further investigation of the impact successive harvests may have on the qualitative components of high-yielding basil genotypes with respect to consumer expectations of the final product.

scholarly journals Use of New BTH Derivative as Supplement or Substitute of Standard Fungicidal Program in Strawberry Cultivation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031
Author(s):  
Maciej Spychalski ◽  
Rafal Kukawka ◽  
Włodzimierz Krzesiński ◽  
Tomasz Spiżewski ◽  
Monika Michalecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Amide Derivative ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Impact

Triggering the plant resistance induction phenomenon by chemical compounds, for example acibenzolar-S-methyl ester, has been known and described in scientific literature. Other benzothadiazole derivatives have been also described; however, their properties have not been sufficiently studied. The tested substance, N-methyl-N-methoxyamide-7-carboxybenzo(1.2.3)thiadiazole (BTHWA), is an amide derivative of benzothiadiazole, showing a stimulating effect on plant growth, apart from its plant resistance inducing activity. This article presents the impact of BTHWA, used solo and in the program with fungicides, on the strawberry plants development, fruits health, yield, and quality parameters of the crop. The results show that the combined use of BTHWA and fungicides had a positive impact on the plants health and fruit health and nutraceutical and nutritional composition of compounds when compared to the results obtained when strawberries were treated only with the BTHWA or the fungicide. As a result of BTHWA use, the partitioning of assimilates has changed, which directly translated into the results of the conducted experiments. A reduction in the respiration of the fruit during storage was also observed, possibly due to a reduced disease infestation and a lower dry matter content in the fruit. A correlation between the parameters determined during the experiment was found. The BTHWA mode of action was evidenced to be beneficial to strawberry plants and fruit.

scholarly journals Impact of Slope of Growing Trays on Productivity of Wheat Green Fodder by a Nutrient Film Technique System

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3009
Author(s):  
Andrius Grigas ◽  
Aurelija Kemzūraitė ◽  
Dainius Steponavičius ◽  
Aušra Steponavičienė ◽  
Rolandas Domeika
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Indoor Lighting ◽  
The Impact

Application of hydroponic systems in feed production has not been extensively studied. Therefore, there is insufficient data on the effect of the slope of hydroponic growing trays used in the nutrient film technique on wheat fodder yield and its qualitative parameters. The slope of the trays has only been studied for food crops. This study conducted experimental research using a nutrient film technique hydroponic fodder growing device to evaluate the impact of growing tray slope angle on hydroponic wheat fodder production. The slope angle of the growing trays was changed from 2.0% (1.15°) to 8.0% (4.57°) with increments of 1.5% (0.86°). This research used two different light sources for wheat sprout illumination: indoor lighting (fluorescent lamps) and light-emitting diode illumination. In addition, two nutrient solutions were used for sprout irrigation: tap water and a solution enriched with macro- and microelements. Experimental studies confirmed the hypothesis that the slope angle of growing trays significantly affects the yield of wheat fodder grown for seven days. Analyzing the results, we found that the highest yield of wheat fodder after seven days of cultivation was achieved with growing trays sloped by 6.5% and using indoor lighting. In addition, we achieved the highest wheat fodder dry matter content using a 6.5% slope angle. Experimental studies also confirmed the hypothesis that using macro- and micronutrients in the nutrient solution does not significantly affect the yield of wheat fodder grown hydroponically for seven days.

Frost hardiness, height, and dormancy of 15 short-day, nursery-treated interior spruce seed lots

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1096-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
C DB Hawkins ◽  
K B Shewan
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Day Nursery

Fifteen seed lots, five each from natural-stand, seed-orchard, and full-sib collections, of interior spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm., and their naturally occurring hybrids) were sown in February 1993. One half of each seed lot received an ambient photoperiod (control) treatment, while the other half got a blackout (short-day) treatment. All seedlings were grown under ambient photoperiod except during the 17 days of blackout. Frost hardiness assessments were done between July and May. Blackout treatment was effective in regulating height and promoting frost hardiness in all seed lots, particularly vigorous ones. Seed lots originating from high latitude or elevation were more frost hardy both at fall lift and spring planting. Full-sib seed lots from similar latitude displayed no elevational frost-hardiness trend. Blackout treatment promoted seedling dormancy (estimated with days to bud break) at lift, but it had little or no effect on dormancy at planting. Seedling dormancy and frost hardiness were acquired and lost differently, suggesting that they are independent physiological processes. Blackout treatment significantly reduced new roots at planting in all lots. This could retard early field performance and negate the apparent utility of blackout treatment.

Models for Predicting Dry Matter Content of Norway spruce

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bergstedt ◽  
Per Ole Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content

scholarly journals A model describing the relationship between electrical conductivity and forage dry matter content

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-364
Author(s):  
Gilad Ashbell ◽  
Evert Evers ◽  
Ate H. Bosma
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
The Relationship

The correlation between dry matter (DM) content, electrical conductivity (EC) and ash content was found to be linear in grass and alfalfa during drying. While minerals in grass and alfalfa were very stable components during drying, their concentrations and EC increase accordingly; therefore, the EC value could serve as a measurement to determine DM content. Results indicated that EC measurement in grass and alfalfa during drying was simple, accurate, fast and easily repeatable, and could serve as an alternative method for DM determination.

scholarly journals Study of knotweed (Reynoutria) as possible phytomass resource for energy and industrial utilization

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Strašil ◽  
J. Kára
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Reynoutria Japonica ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the Reynoutria × bohemica and Reynoutria japonica under conditions of the Czech Republic. It evaluates the impact of soil, weather conditions and various terms of harvest (autumn, spring) on the yield, dry matter content, phytomass loss, ash content, and basic elements content change in plants. Heavy metals content was determined in soil where plants were grown and consequently in plants themselves. The average yield of dry matter at the fully closed stands of Reynoutria japonica were 9.06 t/ha in autumn, Reynoutria × bohemica from 13.23 to 21.41 t/ha, according to the site. The yield losses within the winter period were found on average 42% for Reynoutria japonica and 34% for Reynoutria × bohemica. The moisture decrease of Reynoutria japonica was found from 68% in the autumn to 24% in the spring, and of Reynoutria × bohemica from 67% to 23%, respectively. Decreased content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the knotweed phytomass was found during the latter (spring) harvest periods in comparison with the earlier harvest periods. Decreased elements content in phytomass during the latter harvest period (spring) increases the phytomass quality as a fuel from both aspects – technical and emissions generation. The ash content in plants varied according to the site, on average from 3.12% in Ruzyně to 4.6% in Chomutov. None of the heavy metals monitored in knotweed plants reached the maximum admissible values determined for the food or feed purposes in the Czech Republic. From the results of combustion experiments, it is evident that Reynoutria × bohemica is a good fuel. Energy sorrel shows the extreme CO concentration in flue gases in comparison with other monitored fuels. According to the ČSN EN 12809 (2001) standard it does not meet even the third class of requirements. On the contrary, knotweed and wood bark fulfill the requirements for the first class. The surprising fact is that both of these fuels show the lower level of CO emissions, than the wooden briquettes. Concentrations of nitrogen oxids are comparable with biofuels, except of wood, and probably are related to the nitrogen content in heating material.

COMPARISON OF GRAIN YIELD AND WHOLE-PLANT SILAGE PRODUCTION OF RECOMMENDED CORN HYBRIDS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. VATTIKONDA ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
The Relationship

A 2-yr study was conducted at Elora and Brucefield, Ont. to examine the relationship between grain yield following grain physiological maturity and whole-plant dry matter (DM) yield and quality determined at the stage desirable for ensiling. Quality parameters analyzed include in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) of the stover, IVD of the whole plant, stover lignin content and stover protein content. There was a significant linear relationship between the performance of hybrids for grain yield production and their yield for silage production. However, the relationship was not complete enough to permit reliable selection of hybrids for silage production based on grain yield performance (coefficients of determination were 0.23 and 0.25 for Elora and Brucefield, respectively). Grain dry matter content, however, provided a satisfactory estimate of whole-plant maturity for silage production. Coefficients of determination between grain DM content and whole-plant DM content were 0.71 and 0.53 for Elora and Brucefield, respectively. There was considerable variation among hybrids for lignin content and IVD of stover. Differences were much less for whole-plant IVD. The findings of this study support the need for separate evaluation trials for corn grown for whole-plant silage production as opposed to grain production.Key words: Zea mays, corn silage, grain yield, hybrid performance

Effects of defoliation and time of harvest on tuber dry-matter percentage of Pentland Crown Potatoes

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Wilcockson
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Mechanical Method ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Time Of Harvest ◽  
Main Factor

Two experiments are reported which investigated the effects of time and method of crop defoliation and of extending the interval between defoliation and harvest on the relationship between dry-matter percentage and tuber size in Pentland Crown potatoes.Differences in average tuber dry-matter content between seasons and treatments were large, but the relationship between tuber dry-matter percentage and tuber size was always negatively quadratic. The dry-matter content of tubers of all sizes invariably decreased after defoliation, by about 0·6 % on average for each week that harvest was delayed in 1983 and 0·3 % in 1984. The largest decrease was from 22·7 to 16·7 % over the 10-week period following mechanical defoliation in mid-August 1983. In 1984, chemical defoliation in mid-August gave a smaller decrease than the mechanical method (0·25 and 0·38%/week) but their effects were similar when carried out in mid-September. Water uptake was the main factor responsible for the decrease because evidence showed that fresh weights of tubers increased proportionally following defoliation whilst dry weights remained virtually constant.Natural senescence was late in both seasons experiments so that the crops foliage was still mostly alive when defoliation occurred, even in September and early October. Thus, the relatively large effects of late defoliation may have been greater than might be expected where haulm senescence is already well advanced by this time and water uptake has almost ceased. Nevertheless, the decline in dry-matter percentage which may occur between defoliation and harvest can be extremely important where potatoes for processing are concerned. It could make them unacceptable for particular outlets and should be considered when defoliation and harvesting programmes are planned.

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