scholarly journals Alkalophilic Protease Producing Bacteria and Some Biotechnological Potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muddasir Hassan Abbasi ◽  
Rabia Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Babar Khawar ◽  
Hafiza Nabeela Amaan ◽  
Amin Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Biotechnological Products ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Growth Requirement ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Immense Potential

Background: Extremophiles are a hot topic in the field of biotechnology for their immense potential and applications in multiple industries. Objectives: The present review aims to sum up the potential applications of alkalophilic protease-producing bacteria and their optimized growth requirement. The isolation, characterization, and optimization of various isolates (especially of genus Bacillus) from different harsh niches, including soil samples from deserts and soil having decaying matters, wastewaters from industries, soda lakes, and alkaline springs have been reported in this review. Methodology: All the relevant papers published from 2013-2020 were looked over numerous sources like Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. Results: Most of the microbial life found in extreme alkaline habitats are found to form a variety of enzymes and an array of other substances of biotechnological interests. These enzymes, especially proteases, are exploited in industries globally because of their ability to withstand rigorous industrial reactions and conditions. Conclusion: Though a number of alkalophilic protease-producing bacteria have been isolated, still a large number of these micro-organisms are unidentified. The current demand for biotechnological products from them appeals to the need for isolation of unidentified bacteria.

Kluyveromyces marxianus as a Probiotic Yeast: A Mini-review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1163-1169
Author(s):  
Aziz Homayouni-Rad ◽  
Aslan Azizi ◽  
Parvin Oroojzadeh ◽  
Hadi Pourjafar
Keyword(s):  
Kluyveromyces Marxianus ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽  
Biotechnological Products ◽  
Probiotic Yeast ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Harmful Effects

Background: Yeasts play diverse roles in human life. Since ancient times, these micro organisms have been used to produce food products and beverages including bread and beer. Nowadays, the biotechnological products of yeast are some of the main components of commercial products. Objective: Some species of yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardii are recognized as probiotic yeast with extensive applications in the food and drug industries. However, certain species like Kluyveromyces marxianus are still not recognized as probiotic micro organisms despite their widespread industrial usage. In this study, the application of K. marxianus in preparing food and the medicinal product was reviewed in terms of its beneficial or harmful effects. Methods: Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were searched by using “Probiotics”, “Yeast”, and “Kluyveromyces marxianus”. Results: The findings suggest that K. marxianus can be recognized as a probiotic yeast species. Conclusion: It can be concluded that K. marxianus may be considered as a probiotic micro organism with a variety of commercial and medical applications.

scholarly journals Pencil-on-Paper Sensor for Water Detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Zhu ◽  
Kequan Xia ◽  
Zhiwei Xu ◽  
Hongze Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Detection ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Water Sensor ◽  
Paper Sensor ◽  
Immense Potential

This paper sets out a simple and affordable method for the manufacture of a water sensor involving drawing marks on paper using a flexible pencil. The sensor indicates flexible endurance variations upon exposure to water or a drying surface. It can be employed for the detection of water substances in ethanol. In addition, an experiment suggests the usefulness of the sensor for the sensing of breath. This shows the immense potential applications of the sensor for wearable and also health-inspecting electronic gadgetry.

scholarly journals Mini-Review: Probing the limits of extremophilic life in extraterrestrial environment-simulated experiments

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia A.S. Lage ◽  
Gabriel Z.L. Dalmaso ◽  
Lia C.R.S. Teixeira ◽  
Amanda G. Bendia ◽  
Ivan G. Paulino-Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Interesting Possibility ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Radiation Resistant ◽  
Extraterrestrial Environment ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
The Universe

AbstractAstrobiology is a relatively recent scientific field that seeks to understand the origin and dynamics of life in the Universe. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain life in the cosmic context throughout human history, but only now, technology has allowed many of them to be tested. Laboratory experiments have been able to show how chemical elements essential to life, such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen combine in biologically important compounds. Interestingly, these compounds are ubiquitous. How these compounds were combined to the point of originating cells and complex organisms is still to be unveiled by science. However, our 4.5 billion years old Solar system appeared in a 10 billion years old Universe. Thus, simple cells such as micro-organisms may have had time to form in planets older than ours or in other suitable places in the Universe. One hypothesis related to the appearance of life on Earth is called panspermia, which predicts that microbial life could have been formed in the Universe billions of years ago, travelling between planets, and inseminating units of life that could have become more complex in habitable planets such as Earth. A project designed to test the viability of extremophile micro-organisms exposed to simulated extraterrestrial environments is in progress at the Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics (UFRJ, Brazil) to test whether microbial life could withstand inhospitable environments. Radiation-resistant (known or novel ones) micro-organisms collected from extreme terrestrial environments have been exposed (at synchrotron accelerators) to intense radiation sources simulating Solar radiation, capable of emitting radiation in a few hours equivalent to many years of accumulated doses. The results obtained in these experiments reveal an interesting possibility of the existence of microbial life beyond Earth.

scholarly journals Potential of Cyanobacteria in Wound Healing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi Parwani ◽  
Mansi Shrivastava ◽  
Jaspreet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Healing Agent ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Immense Potential ◽  
Insight Into

The wound care market is rapidly expanding due to the development of innumerable dressings that exhibit specific healing requirements for different wound types. The use of biomaterials as suitable wound dressing material is highly advantageous due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. Cyanobacteria have been widely explored for their potential applications in wound healing, as they are the rich source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, antioxidant, and antifungal activities. In recent years this group of organisms has been widely studied due to their immense potential in biomedical applications. Although their different bioactivities can support wound healing in different ways, very few forms have proven utility as a wound-healing agent. This chapter gives an insight into the potential of cyanobacteria in wound healing. Different bioactive compounds present in variable forms of cyanobacteria and their associated activities were reported to support tissue regeneration and wound healing acceleration. As the demand for cost-effective, bioactive wound care products is ever increasing, these organisms have immense potential to be utilized for the development of bioactive wound dressings. Hence, various bioactive compounds of cyanobacteria, their associated activities, and roles in wound healing have been briefly reviewed in this chapter.

Potential application of cellulase and hemicellulase assay techniques for assessing the forage quality and performance of rumen micro-organisms

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 290-293
Author(s):  
M. K. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Birchwood Xylan ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Carl Roth Gmbh ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Micro Organisms

Cellulose and hemicellulose are the major structural polysaccharides of plant cell wall. The efficient utilization of these polysaccharides by ruminants is often restricted by the presence of lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose are hydrolysed by a group of enzymes called cellulases and hemicellulases. The present paper describes the cellulase and hemicellulase assay methods and their potential applications.Carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose, Avicel, cellobiose, xylobiose, p-nitrophenyl-p β-D-glucoside (pNPG), p-nitrophenyl-β-D-cellobioside (pNPC), p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xyloside (pNPX) and p-nitrophenyl- α-L-arabinofuranoside (pNPAf) were from Sigma. Birchwood xylan and filter paper are from Carl Roth GmbH and Co., Germany and Whatman International Ltd, UK, respectively. H3P04-Swollen cellulose and 4-O-methyl-α-D-glucuronyl-xylotriose (mGpA-Xyl3) were prepared as described (Wood, 1988; Khandkeet al., 1989a).

scholarly journals Energy, ecology and the distribution of microbial life

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1622) ◽  
pp. 20120383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Macalady ◽  
Trinity L. Hamilton ◽  
Christen L. Grettenberger ◽  
Daniel S. Jones ◽  
Leah E. Tsao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Species Definition ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Elemental Cycling ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Micro Organisms

Mechanisms that govern the coexistence of multiple biological species have been studied intensively by ecologists since the turn of the nineteenth century. Microbial ecologists in the meantime have faced many fundamental challenges, such as the lack of an ecologically coherent species definition, lack of adequate methods for evaluating population sizes and community composition in nature, and enormous taxonomic and functional diversity. The accessibility of powerful, culture-independent molecular microbiology methods offers an opportunity to close the gap between microbial science and the main stream of ecological theory, with the promise of new insights and tools needed to meet the grand challenges humans face as planetary engineers and galactic explorers. We focus specifically on resources related to energy metabolism because of their direct links to elemental cycling in the Earth's history, engineering applications and astrobiology. To what extent does the availability of energy resources structure microbial communities in nature? Our recent work on sulfur- and iron-oxidizing autotrophs suggests that apparently subtle variations in the concentration ratios of external electron donors and acceptors select for different microbial populations. We show that quantitative knowledge of microbial energy niches (population-specific patterns of energy resource use) can be used to predict variations in the abundance of specific taxa in microbial communities. Furthermore, we propose that resource ratio theory applied to micro-organisms will provide a useful framework for identifying how environmental communities are organized in space and time.

UV Protection of Bacteria Under Simulated Martian Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Godin ◽  
Andrew Schuerger ◽  
Casey Moore ◽  
John Moores
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Planetary Protection ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Acidic Environments ◽  
Martian Regolith

<p>Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the surface of Mars is an important factor affecting the survivability of microorganisms on Mars. The possibility of Martian brines made from Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, MnSO<sub>4</sub>, and MgSO<sub>4</sub> salts providing a habitable niche on Mars via attenuation of UV radiation was investigated on the bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis. Results demonstrated that it is possible for brines containing Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3 </sub>on Mars to provide protection from harmful UV radiation, even at concentrations as low as 0.5%. Brines made from MnSO<sub>4</sub> and MgSO<sub>4</sub>, did not provide significant UV protection and most spores/cells died over the course of short-term experiments.</p> <p>However, Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3 </sub>brines are strongly acidic, and thus, were lethal to E. faecalis. In contrast, B. subtilis, as a spore-forming bacterium resistant to pH extremes, was unaffected by the acidic conditions of the brines and did not experience any significant lethal effects. Any extant microbial life in Martian Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3 </sub>brines (if present) would need to be capable of surviving acidic environments, if these brines are to be considered a possible habitable niche.</p> <p>The results from this work are important to both the search for life on planets with an atmosphere unable to significantly attenuate UV radiation (i.e., like Mars); and for planetary protection, since it is possible that terrestrial bacteria in the genus Bacillus are likely to survive in Fe-sulfate brines on Mars.</p> <p>Furthermore, preliminary work on UV and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) light transmission and scattering through simulated Martian regolith and rock samples are also presented. Regoliths that block UV but allow for PAR would be likely candidates for supporting bacterial life.</p>

scholarly journals Chemical Proprieties of Biopolymers (Chitin/Chitosan) and Their Synergic Effects with Endophytic Bacillus Species: Unlimited Applications in Agriculture

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Rkhaila Amine ◽  
Chtouki Tarek ◽  
Erguig Hassane ◽  
El Haloui Noureddine ◽  
Ounine Khadija
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan

Over the past decade, reckless usage of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture has made the environment and human health progressively vulnerable. This setting leads to the pursuit of other environmentally friendly interventions. Amongst the suggested solutions, the use of chitin and chitosan came about, whether alone or in combination with endophytic bacterial strains. In the framework of this research, we reported an assortment of studies on the physico-chemical properties and potential applications in the agricultural field of two biopolymers extracted from shrimp shells (chitin and chitosan), in addition to their uses as biofertilizers and biostimulators in combination with bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus sp. (having biochemical and enzymatic properties).

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