scholarly journals Dissection of Drosophila melanogaster Flight Muscles for Omics Approaches

10.3791/60309 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Yen Kao ◽  
Elena Nikonova ◽  
Keshika Ravichandran ◽  
Maria L. Spletter
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Flight Muscles

scholarly journals Characterization of components of Z-bands in the fibrillar flight muscle of Drosophila melanogaster.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 2157-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Saide ◽  
S Chin-Bow ◽  
J Hogan-Sheldon ◽  
L Busquets-Turner ◽  
J O Vigoreaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Immunogold Staining ◽  
Thick Filaments ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Flight Muscles

Twelve monoclonal antibodies have been raised against proteins in preparations of Z-disks isolated from Drosophila melanogaster flight muscle. The monoclonal antibodies that recognized Z-band components were identified by immunofluorescence microscopy of flight muscle myofibrils. These antibodies have identified three Z-disk antigens on immunoblots of myofibrillar proteins. Monoclonal antibodies alpha:1-4 recognize a 90-100-kD protein which we identify as alpha-actinin on the basis of cross-reactivity with antibodies raised against honeybee and vertebrate alpha-actinins. Monoclonal antibodies P:1-4 bind to the high molecular mass protein, projectin, a component of connecting filaments that link the ends of thick filaments to the Z-band in insect asynchronous flight muscles. The anti-projectin antibodies also stain synchronous muscle, but, surprisingly, the epitopes here are within the A-bands, not between the A- and Z-bands, as in flight muscle. Monoclonal antibodies Z(210):1-4 recognize a 210-kD protein that has not been previously shown to be a Z-band structural component. A fourth antigen, resolved as a doublet (approximately 400/600 kD) on immunoblots of Drosophila fibrillar proteins, is detected by a cross reacting antibody, Z(400):2, raised against a protein in isolated honeybee Z-disks. On Lowicryl sections of asynchronous flight muscle, indirect immunogold staining has localized alpha-actinin and the 210-kD protein throughout the matrix of the Z-band, projectin between the Z- and A-bands, and the 400/600-kD components at the I-band/Z-band junction. Drosophila alpha-actinin, projectin, and the 400/600-kD components share some antigenic determinants with corresponding honeybee proteins, but no honeybee protein interacts with any of the Z(210) antibodies.

Developmental and Genetic Studies of the Indirect Flight Muscles of Drosophila Melanogaster

1980 ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Deak ◽  
A. Rähmi ◽  
P. R. Bellamy ◽  
M. Bienz ◽  
A. Blumer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Flight Muscles

Rediscovery and further characterization of the aeroplane (ae) wing posture mutation in Drosophila melanogaster

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly H Soanes ◽  
John B Bell
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Genetic Complementation ◽  
Homeotic Gene ◽  
Classical Genetic ◽  
Direct Flight ◽  
Transformation Experiment ◽  
Flight Muscles

In 1931, Theodore Quelprud characterized a novel spontaneous mutation in Drosophila melanogaster, which was named aeroplane (ae) based on its abnormal wing posture. Although the characterization of the original ae locus was minimal, it is very likely that another allele of this extinct mutation has now been identified. aeroplane-like (ae-l) was isolated as a by-product of a transformation experiment. The apparent wing paralysis is not caused by any obvious abnormalities in the thorax, wing, indirect flight muscles or direct flight muscles. Classical genetic complementation analyses of ae-l with other genes in the region suggest that it represents an allele of a novel locus. Unexpectedly, a molecular examination revealed that the physical lesion identified in the ae-l mutant is exceptionally close to the homeotic gene teashirt (tsh) and, indeed, may represent an unusual allele of teashirt.Key words: aeroplane, teashirt, wing posture, Drosophila, flight.

scholarly journals Indirect flight muscles in Drosophila melanogaster as a tractable model to study muscle development and disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2-3) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Saroj Jawkar ◽  
Upendra Nongthomba
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Myoblast Fusion ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Adult Muscle ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
And Function

Myogenesis is a complex multifactorial process leading to the formation of the adult muscle. An amalgamation of autonomous processes including myoblast fusion and myofibrillogenesis, as well as non-autonomous processes, such as innervations from neurons and precise connections with attachment sites, are responsible for successful development and function of muscles. In this review, we describe the development of the indirect flight muscles (IFMs) in Drosophila melanogaster, and highlight the use of the IFMs as a model for studying muscle development and disease, based on recent studies on the development and function of IFMs.

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES ON THE INDIRECT FLIGHT MUSCLES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1963 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ahmad Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Uniform Density ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thick Filaments ◽  
Irregular Pattern ◽  
Regular Arrangement ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Hexagonal Arrangement ◽  
Flight Muscles

The myofibrils in Drosophila have thick and thin types of myofilaments arranged in the hexagonal pattern described for Calliphora by Huxley and Hanson (15). The thick filaments, along most of their length in the A band, seem to be binary in structure, consisting of a dense cortex and a lighter medulla. In the H zone, however, they show more uniform density; lateral projections (bridges) also appear to be absent in this region. The M band has a varying number of granules (probably of glycogen) distributed between the myofilaments. The myofilaments on reaching the Z region appear to change their hexagonal arrangement and become connected to one another by Z filaments. The regular arrangement of the filaments found in most regions of the fibrils is not seen in the terminal sarcomeres of some flight muscles; the two types of filaments appear to be intermingled in an irregular pattern in these parts of the fibrils. The attachment of myofibrils to the cuticle through the epidermal cells is described.

scholarly journals Oxygen Dependence of Flight Performance in Ageing Drosophila melanogaster

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Valeriya Privalova ◽  
Ewa Szlachcic ◽  
Łukasz Sobczyk ◽  
Natalia Szabla ◽  
Marcin Czarnoleski
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Insect Flight ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Human Ageing ◽  
Flight Capacity ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Oxygen Transport System

Similar to humans, insects lose their physical and physiological capacities with age, which makes them a convenient study system for human ageing. Although insects have an efficient oxygen-transport system, we know little about how their flight capacity changes with age and environmental oxygen conditions. We measured two types of locomotor performance in ageing Drosophila melanogaster flies: the frequency of wing beats and the capacity to climb vertical surfaces. Flight performance was measured under normoxia and hypoxia. As anticipated, ageing flies showed systematic deterioration of climbing performance, and low oxygen impeded flight performance. Against predictions, flight performance did not deteriorate with age, and younger and older flies showed similar levels of tolerance to low oxygen during flight. We suggest that among different insect locomotory activities, flight performance deteriorates slowly with age, which is surprising, given that insect flight is one of the most energy-demanding activities in animals. Apparently, the superior capacity of insects to rapidly deliver oxygen to flight muscles remains little altered by ageing, but we showed that insects can become oxygen limited in habitats with a poor oxygen supply (e.g., those at high elevations) during highly oxygen-demanding activities such as flight.

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIABILITY OF FLIGHT METABOLISM IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. II. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POWER OUTPUT AND ENZYME ACTIVITY LEVELS

Genetics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-868
Author(s):  
C C Laurie-Ahlberg ◽  
P T Barnes ◽  
J W Curtsinger ◽  
T H Emigh ◽  
B Karlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Wingbeat Frequency ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Mechanical Power Output ◽  
Flight Metabolism ◽  
Flight Muscles

ABSTRACT The major goal of the studies reported here was to determine the extent to which genetic variation in the activities of the enzymes participating in flight metabolism contributes to variation in the mechanical power output of the flight muscles in Drosophila melanogaster. Isogenic chromosome substitution lines were used to partition the variance of both types of quantitative trait into genetic and environmental components. The mechanical power output was estimated from the wingbeat frequency, wing amplitude and wing morphology of tethered flies by applying the aerodynamic models of Weis-Fogh and Ellington. There were three major results. (1) Chromosomes sampled from natural populations provide a large and repeatable genetic component to the variation in the activities of most of the 15 flight metabolism enzymes investigated and to the variation in the mechanical power output of the flight muscles. (2) The mechanical power output is a sensitive indicator of the rate of flight metabolism (i.e., rate of oxygen consumption during tethered flight). (3) In spite of (1) and (2), no convincing cases of individual enzyme effects on power output were detected, although the number and sign of the significant enzyme-power correlations suggests that such effects are not totally lacking.

scholarly journals Mutations of Drosophila melanogaster that affect muscles

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-63
Author(s):  
I. I. Deak
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Muscle Structure ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Chromosome Mutations ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Genetic Techniques

Eight X-chromosome mutations (falling into five complementation groups) that affect the development and morphology of the indirect flight muscles of Drosophila melanogaster were investigated using histological, behavioural and genetic techniques. All of these mutations result in Sightlessness, in a marked reduction in the ability of the flies to jump, and in the wings being held in abnormal positions. Mutations in each of the complementation groups have different effects on the morphology of the muscles. Two (flapwing, vertical wing) result in absence of most of the indirect flight muscle fibres, a third (upheld) is required for the gross organization of muscle structure, another (heldup) is involved in the maintenance of muscle structure once formed, and the fifth seems to be necessary for the detailed architecture of the muscle fibre (indented thorax). The analysis of flies genetically mosaic with respect to each mutation by the technique of fate-mapping suggests that three (heldup, upheld and indented thorax) of the genes concerned have their primary site of action in the musculature itself, while the other two(flapwing and vertical wing) may function primarily in the fat-body and tracheae respectively.

scholarly journals Development of the indirect flight muscles of Drosophila

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fernandes ◽  
M. Bate ◽  
K. Vijayraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Specific Gene Expression ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Thoracic Muscles ◽  
Longitudinal Muscles

We have followed the pupal development of the indirect flight muscles (IFMs) of Drosophila melanogaster. At the onset of metamorphosis larval muscles start to histolyze, with the exception of a specific set of thoracic muscles. Myoblasts surround these persisting larval muscles and begin the formation of one group of adult indirect flight muscles, the dorsal longitudinal muscles. We show that the other group of indirect flight muscles, the dorsoventral muscles, develops simultaneously but without the use of larval templates. By morphological criteria and by patterns of specific gene expression, our experiments define events in IFM development.

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