scholarly journals Development of the indirect flight muscles of Drosophila

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fernandes ◽  
M. Bate ◽  
K. Vijayraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Specific Gene Expression ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Thoracic Muscles ◽  
Longitudinal Muscles

We have followed the pupal development of the indirect flight muscles (IFMs) of Drosophila melanogaster. At the onset of metamorphosis larval muscles start to histolyze, with the exception of a specific set of thoracic muscles. Myoblasts surround these persisting larval muscles and begin the formation of one group of adult indirect flight muscles, the dorsal longitudinal muscles. We show that the other group of indirect flight muscles, the dorsoventral muscles, develops simultaneously but without the use of larval templates. By morphological criteria and by patterns of specific gene expression, our experiments define events in IFM development.

scholarly journals Single-cell genomic atlas of great ape cerebral organoids uncovers human-specific features of brain development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Kanton ◽  
Michael James Boyle ◽  
Zhisong He ◽  
Malgorzata Santel ◽  
Anne Weigert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Great Ape ◽  
Specific Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Human Specific

ABSTRACTThe human brain has changed dramatically since humans diverged from our closest living relatives, chimpanzees and the other great apes1–5. However, the genetic and developmental programs underlying this divergence are not fully understood6–8. Here, we have analyzed stem cell-derived cerebral organoids using single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) and accessible chromatin profiling (scATAC-seq) to explore gene regulatory changes that are specific to humans. We first analyze cell composition and reconstruct differentiation trajectories over the entire course of human cerebral organoid development from pluripotency, through neuroectoderm and neuroepithelial stages, followed by divergence into neuronal fates within the dorsal and ventral forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain regions. We find that brain region composition varies in organoids from different iPSC lines, yet regional gene expression patterns are largely reproducible across individuals. We then analyze chimpanzee and macaque cerebral organoids and find that human neuronal development proceeds at a delayed pace relative to the other two primates. Through pseudotemporal alignment of differentiation paths, we identify human-specific gene expression resolved to distinct cell states along progenitor to neuron lineages in the cortex. We find that chromatin accessibility is dynamic during cortex development, and identify instances of accessibility divergence between human and chimpanzee that correlate with human-specific gene expression and genetic change. Finally, we map human-specific expression in adult prefrontal cortex using single-nucleus RNA-seq and find developmental differences that persist into adulthood, as well as cell state-specific changes that occur exclusively in the adult brain. Our data provide a temporal cell atlas of great ape forebrain development, and illuminate dynamic gene regulatory features that are unique to humans.

Cell type-specific gene expression in the Drosophila melanogaster male accessory gland

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Bertram ◽  
Geetanjali A. Akerkar ◽  
Robert L. Ard ◽  
Cayetano Gonzalez ◽  
Mariana F. Wolfner
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Male Accessory Gland ◽  
Specific Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Type Specific

scholarly journals Establishment of Prespore-Specific Gene Expression inBacillus subtilis: Localization of SpoIIE Phosphatase and Initiation of Compartment-Specific Proteolysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (13) ◽  
pp. 3276-3284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Lewis ◽  
Ling Juan Wu ◽  
Jeffery Errington
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Sigma Factor ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Gene Expression

ABSTRACT Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to study the establishment of compartment-specific transcription during sporulation inBacillus subtilis. Analysis of the distribution of the anti-anti-sigma factor, SpoIIAA, in a variety of mutant backgrounds supports a model in which the SpoIIE phosphatase, which activates SpoIIAA by dephosphorylation, is sequestered onto the prespore face of the asymmetric septum. Thus, prespore-specific gene expression apparently arises as a result of the compartmentalization of SpoIIE protein. The results also suggest the existence of at least two compartment-specific programs of proteolysis, one dependent on the mother cell-specific sigma factor ςE and the other dependent on the prespore-specific sigma factor ςF.

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