scholarly journals HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX AND INEQUALITY ADJUSTED HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX OF SELECTED SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 438-452
Author(s):  
Nasheman Bandookwala ◽  
Hitesh N. Jagani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
Tremendous Amount

Enlarging people’s choice and enhancing human capabilities” – the well-known definition propounded by Human Development report (HDR) 1990 – led the path for many economists and researchers to turn the lime light on and foray in this direction against predefined notions of economic development and growth. Human development eventually has become a broader and more acceptable concept. Since then, tremendous amount of work has been done in this direction for countries across world. However, such indices for South Asian countries exclusively and comparison therein has remained unattended. The present paper intends to evaluate the human development indices and three key dimension of human development – health, literacy and income. In 2010, HDR, UNDP, proposed the Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index1 which tried to gauge the subgroup inequality. The Atkinson Inequality Index2 was used to work out subgroup inequality and to arrive at Inequality Adjusted Human development Index (IHDI). Infact, it was later realised that human development without measuring subgroup inequality would mask reality. The present paper is predominantly conceived to understand performance of India vis. a vis. other South Asian countries on human development dynamics. Each parameter is carefully analysed to ameliorate understanding of parameters and their impact on human development. The outcome of study is- human development dynamics and human capabilities measurement is redundant and meaningless unless the inequality in each parameter is premeditated which will in turn enhance the understanding.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Human Development Index in Central Asian Countries

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkan Öngel ◽  
İlyas Sözen ◽  
Ahmet Alkan Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Political Preference ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Economic Development And Growth

Economic development and growth had been the most important target among all goverments throughout the history. In this respect, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan in Middle Asian Region had chosen development as primary target in 20 years time after their independence. Human capital is the leading factor to maintain economic development and growth. Development and growth terms over which different meanings and concepts were imposed in time, necessitated several political economic alterations. Before 1970’s, increase in income had been sufficient criterion for the development of a government. But nowadays economic development incorporates factors such as life expectancy at birth, school enrolment ratio, literancy rate, gender discrimination, poverty alleviation, equal distribution of income beyond economic growth. Herewith this change political preference and priorities has started to differentiate. The aim of this study is to discuss human development index (HDI) data of 5 Middle Asian countries in 2010 and changes in HDI in years after their independence. Comparisan between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and HDI rates are also performed within this analysis. This study consists of data of 5 Middle Asian countries between years 1990-2010. Basic, retrospective, illustrative library method is used as the study method. In conclusion, we find that increase in GDP did not reflect over HDI in Middle Asian Countries within 20-years period.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA AND EUROPE: RECIPROCAL COMPARISONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-37
Author(s):  
Stephen Broadberry ◽  
Leigh Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Development Potential ◽  
Development Index ◽  
National Accounting ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Per Capita

ABSTRACTRecent advances in historical national accounting have allowed for global comparisons of GDPper capitaacross space and time. Critics have argued that GDPper capitafails to capture adequately the multi-dimensional nature of welfare, and have developed alternative measures such as the human development index. Whilst recognising that these wider indicators provide an appropriate way of assessing levels of welfare, we argue that GDPper capitaremains a more appropriate measure for assessing development potential, focussing on production possibilities and the sustainability of consumption. Twentieth-century Africa and pre-industrial Europe are used to show how such data can guide reciprocal comparisons to provide insights into the process of development on both continents.

scholarly journals INDEKS PERSEPSI KORUPSI DAN PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI NEGARA-NEGARA ASIA TENGGARA

Jurnal Ecogen ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fajar ◽  
Zul Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The Government ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

This research aims to know and analyze determine of corruption and the human development index to economic growth in Southeast Asian countries. This research use panel least square and Fixed Effect Model. The estimation result should that corruption has a possitive and significant effect on economic growth in Southeast Asian countries and the human development Index has a possitive and significant effect on economic growth in Southeast Asian countries. From the result of this research, to increase economic growth, the government in SoutheastAsian countries must strengthen the bureaucratic and legal institutions of a country,increase the role of the government or related agencies in monitoring and crackingdown on corruption that results in lossof government productivity and allocating resources appropriately so that the creation of peace and prosperity among the countries in Southeast Asian. Keywords: Economic Growth, Corruption, Human Development Index

scholarly journals Kenya’s Human Capital Development and Economic Growth: Best Practicesfrom South Korea and Singapore (2002-2014)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Development Index

The study examined the role played by HCD in the economic development of Kenya between 2002 and 2014 by interrogating the development models adopted by South Korea and Singapore as a benchmark to determine the gaps in the model adopted by Kenya. Despite Kenya, Singapore and South Korea exhibiting similar income levels in the 1960s, the gap between Kenya’s economic growth and those of South Korea and Singapore has widened tremendously since independence in 1963. Kenya has recorded low Gross Domestic Product (GDP) compared to the two Asian countries. The researcher relied on secondary data sourced from national, regional and international websites and organizations. The data collected was corroborated with data sourced from government offices and websites. Data sets from the three countries was used to examine the extent to which HCD practices affect economic growth for the purposes of deriving the best HCD practices from South Korea and Singapore that influence economic growth. The design therefore necessitated causality analysis using the Granger Causality Test and correlational and regression analysis that facilitated the measurement, development and assessment of the statistical significance of the causal relationships among the study variables. The model variables included GDP as the response variable explained by six predictor variables; government expenditure on education, human development index, average years of schooling as a proxy for percentage of population that has attained education, patents filed by the countries, government effectiveness and government expenditure on research and development. Findings revealed that HCD had a great influence on economic development of a country. Findings further revealed that whereas human development index was found to be positively correlated to economic growth in South Korea and Singapore, it was negatively (inversely) correlated to economic growth in Kenya. To achieve sustained economic growth, the study recommends that the provision of education be strengthened to ensure successful implementation of Competency Based Curriculum with the government laying more emphasis on applied R&D.

scholarly journals Authoritarian Regimes and Economic Development: An Empirical Reflection

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4I-II) ◽  
pp. 657-673
Author(s):  
Karim Khan ◽  
Saima Batool ◽  
Anwar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Impact

Since the recent emphasis on institutions for overall economic development of the countries, the research in this strand has expanded enormously. In this study, we want to see the impact of political institutions on economic development in pure cross-country setting. We take the Human Development Index (HDI) as a measure of economic development and use two alternative measures of dictatorship. We find that dictatorship is adversely affecting economic development in our sample of 92 countries. For instance, transition from extreme dictatorship to ideal democracy would increase HDI by 17 percent. Moreover, our results are robust to alternative specifications and the problems of endogeneity and reverse causation as is shown by the results of 2 Stages Least Squares (2SLS). JEL Classification: P16, H11, H41, H42 Keywords: Economic Development, Human Development Index, Dictatorship

scholarly journals PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NORTH EASTERN STATES OF INDIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-268
Author(s):  
Ruby Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Development Index ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Physical Infrastructure

This paper studies the trends and pattern in the share of the planned outlay in physical infrastructure on North Eastern States in total outlay of India. The sectors which are focused here are Irrigation & Flood Control, Energy and Transport & Communication. The Paper also analyses the association between the plan outlay on selected sectors and resultant change in Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) and Human Development Index (HDI) over the period of XI and XII Five Year Plans. The paper concludes that increased plan outlay on physical infrastructure has resulted in increased Gross State Domestic Product in North Eastern States but it may take longer time and more attention towards development of Social infrastructure before it is translated into improved Human Development Index (HDI).

scholarly journals Human development index of Turkey, economic development, relationship nutrition and comparison with selected countriesTürkiye’nin insani gelişme endeksi, ekonomik gelişmişlik, beslenme ilişkisi ve farklı ülkelerle karşılaştırılması

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hande Mutlu Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The Us ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Economic Size

In this study, relationship of human development index, economic development and nutrition was evaluated. Data of Turkey, Norway, Korea, Italy, Greece, Bulgaria, Iran and the United States was compared. General situation in Turkey is evaluated and Solution proposals was presented. In the study, economic size and geographical proximity and similar features with Turkey, high Human Development Indexed countries was selected to compare with many parameters. Comparisons of the countries in terms of human development index and nutritional deficiency, showed similar characteristics with Iran, however, Turkey is dissociated from European countries, Korea and the US. As a result, the economic development level of countries have not seen that much more accurate results in the comparison of the human development index. ÖzetBu çalışmada insani gelişme endeksi, ekonomik gelişmişlik ve beslenme ilişkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Türkiye, Norveç, Kore, İtalya, Yunanistan, Bulgaristan, İran ve Amerika’ya ait veriler karşılaştırılmıştır. Türkiye’nin genel durumu değerlendirilmiş ve çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. Çalışmada, Türkiye ile ekonomik büyüklük ve coğrafi yakınlık gibi özellikleri benzer ülkeler ve insani gelişmişlik endeksi yüksek olan ülkeler birçok parametre için karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırmalar, ülkemizin insani gelişmişlik endeksi ve beslenme yetersizliği açısından, İran ile benzer özellikler gösterdiğini ancak Avrupa ülkeleri, Kore ve ABD’den ayrıştığını göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, ekonomik kalkınmışlık seviyesinin değil ülkeleri karşılaştırmada insani gelişmişlik endeksinin çok daha doğru sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür.

Inequalities in socio-economic development in the world

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 81-100
Author(s):  
Witold Rakowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Human Development Report ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Based on the Human Development Report 2013 the author presents classification of the countries taking into account HDI value in 2012, non-income HDI and the IHDI (Inequality – Adjusted Human Development Index). IHDI reflects disparities in the income distribution. 187 states of the report are divided into 12 groups by the HDI total value.

scholarly journals Global Discrepancies between Numbers of Available SARS-CoV-2 Genomes and Human Development Indexes at Country Scales

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Philippe Colson ◽  
Didier Raoult
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

It has now been over a year since SARS-CoV-2 first emerged in China, in December 2019, and it has spread rapidly around the world. Some variants are currently considered of great concern. We aimed to analyze the numbers of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences obtained in different countries worldwide until January 2021. On 28 January 2021, we downloaded the deposited genome sequence origin from the GISAID database, and from the “Our world in data” website we downloaded numbers of SARS-CoV-2-diagnosed cases, numbers of SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths, population size, life expectancy, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and human development index per country. Files were merged and data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. A total of 450,968 SARS-CoV-2 genomes originating from 135 countries on the 5 continents were available. When considering the 19 countries for which the number of genomes per 100 deaths was >100, six were in Europe, while eight were in Asia, three were in Oceania and two were in Africa. Six (30%) of these countries are beyond rank 75, regarding the human development index and four (20%) are beyond rank 80 regarding GDP per capita. Moreover, the comparisons of the number of genomes sequenced per 100 deaths to the human development index by country show that some Western European countries have released similar or lower numbers of genomes than many African or Asian countries with a lower human development index. Previous data highlight great discrepancies between the numbers of available SARS-CoV-2 genomes per 100 cases and deaths and the ranking of countries regarding wealth and development.

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