A Comparison of Two Approaches to Assessment of Speech Recognition Ability in Single Cases

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 054-062
Author(s):  
Rochelle Cherry ◽  
Adrienne Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Randomization Test ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Alternating Treatments Design ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Clinical Practice

Single-case design with the randomization test (RT) has been proposed as an alternative to the binomial distribution (BD) tables of Thornton and Raffin (1978) to assess changes in speech recognition performance in individual subjects. The present study investigated whether data analyzed using both approaches would result in similar outcomes. Sixty-two adults with normal hearing were evaluated using phoneme scoring and a restricted alternating treatments design under two signal-to-noise conditions. Results revealed a significant correlation between the RT and a BD analysis using at least 50-word lists, although the BD analysis was a more sensitive measure. The absence of correlation between the RT with a BD analysis using 25-word lists challenges the common clinical practice of using reduced list size, and supports the use of phoneme scoring and other attempts to find clinically acceptable yet evidence-based solutions to overcome the conflict between time and accuracy.

scholarly journals Development of word lists in Telugu for assessing speech recognition threshold: alternative forms to existing word lists

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
S. B. Rathna Kumar ◽  
Madhu Sudharshan Reddy. B ◽  
Sale Kranthi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Word List ◽  
Recognition Score ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Function Testing

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The present study aimed to develop word lists in Telugu for assessing speech recognition threshold which might serve as equivalent and alternative forms to the existing word lists. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A total of two word lists were developed using compound words with each list consisting of 25 words. Equivalence analysis and performance-intensity function testing was carried out using two word lists on a total of 75 native speakers of Telugu who were equally divided into three groups.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference (p&gt;0.05) in the speech recognition performance between three groups for each word list, and between two word lists for each group. Hence, the two word lists developed were found to be equally difficult for all the groups and can be used interchangeably. The performance-intensity (PI) function curve showed semi-linear function, and the subjects reached the beginning of the plateau at 3 dBSL where they reached more than 90% speech recognition score for two word lists, and reached 100% speech recognition score at 6 dBSL. The 50% speech recognition score which corresponds to SRT was obtained at less than 1.5 dBSL for two word lists suggesting good agreement between PTA and SRT. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The findings of the study are similar to the findings of existing word lists in Telugu. Thus the developed word lists in the present study can be considered equivalent and alternative forms to existing word lists in Telugu.</span></p>

Reverberation, Masking, Filtering, and Level Effects on Speech Recognition Performance

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith C. Loven ◽  
M. Jane Collins
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Nonsense Syllable ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Spectral Changes ◽  
Signal Parameters ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Everyday Communication

The purpose of this investigation was to describe the interactive effects of four signal modifications typically encountered in everyday communication settings. These modifications included reverberation, masking, filtering, and fluctuation in speech intensity. The relationship between recognition performance and spectral changes to the speech signal due to the presence of these signal alterations was also studied. The interactive effects of these modifications were evaluated by obtaining indices of nonsense syllable recognition ability from normally hearing listeners for systematically varied combinations of the four signal parameters. The results of this study were in agreement with previous studies concerned with the effect of these variables in isolation on speech recognition ability. When present in combination, the direction of each variable's effect on recognition performance is maintained; however, the magnitude of the effect increases. The results of this investigation are reasonably accounted for by a spectral theory of speech recognition.

scholarly journals Effects of Wireless Remote Microphone on Speech Recognition in Noise for Hearing Aid Users in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Ruijuan Dong ◽  
Xinxing Fu ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Hearing In Noise ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Noise Test ◽  
Test Distance

Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating improvements in speech-in-noise recognition ability as measured by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with the use of wireless remote microphone technology. These microphones transmit digital signals via radio frequency directly to hearing aids and may be a valuable assistive listening device for the hearing-impaired population of Mandarin speakers in China.Methods: Twenty-three adults (aged 19–80 years old) and fourteen children (aged 8–17 years old) with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss were recruited. The Mandarin Hearing in Noise Test was used to test speech recognition ability in adult subjects, and the Mandarin Hearing in Noise Test for Children was used for children. The subjects’ perceived SNR was measured using sentence recognition ability at three different listening distances of 1.5, 3, and 6 m. At each distance, SNR was obtained under three device settings: hearing aid microphone alone, wireless remote microphone alone, and hearing aid microphone and wireless remote microphone simultaneously.Results: At each test distance, for both adult and pediatric groups, speech-in-noise recognition thresholds were significantly lower with the use of the wireless remote microphone in comparison with the hearing aid microphones alone (P &lt; 0.05), indicating better SNR performance with the wireless remote microphone. Moreover, when the wireless remote microphone was used, test distance had no effect on speech-in-noise recognition for either adults or children.Conclusion: Wireless remote microphone technology can significantly improve speech recognition performance in challenging listening environments for Mandarin speaking hearing aid users in China.

Accuracy of Adaptive Procedure Estimates of PB-Max Level

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace A. Kamm ◽  
Donald E. Morgan ◽  
Donald D. Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Word List ◽  
Intensity Function ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Adaptive Procedure ◽  
Presentation Level ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Single Presentation ◽  
Similar Accuracy

A measure of maximum speech recognition ability (PB max) is often obtained in the clinical audiologic evaluation of patients. However, without developing a complete performance-intensity function (PIF), it is often difficult to determine an appropriate intensity level for measuring PB max. Levitt (1978) has described an adaptive procedure designed to estimate an intensity level at which maximum speech recognition performance could be measured. We have investigated the accuracy of this procedure by comparing speech recognition performance on a CNC word list presented at the level estimated by the adaptive procedure with maximum performance as measured on the listener's performance-intensity function. Using the presentation level indicated by the adaptive procedure, PB max scores were obtained for 12 of 16 normally hearing subjects and 19 of 25 listeners with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Similar accuracy was obtained for the hearing-impaired subjects using a single presentation level of 95 dB SPL, while use of a 40 dB SL speech level would have resulted in a lower proportion of PB-max measurements. Although PB max is most accurately estimated by delineating the entire performance-intensity function, the current results suggest that, if speech recognition is to be measured only at a single level, scores obtained at the level estimated by the adaptive procedure or at 95 dB SPL may serve as reasonable estimates of PB max for listeners with primarily cochlear hearing losses of ⩽ 50 dB.

Moving Forward Four Words at a Time: Effects of a Supplemental Preschool Vocabulary Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey A. Peters-Sanders ◽  
Elizabeth S. Kelley ◽  
Christa Haring Biel ◽  
Keri Madsen ◽  
Xigrid Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Intervention ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Vocabulary Intervention ◽  
Iterative Development ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Child Friendly ◽  
Interactive Lessons ◽  
Case Design

Purpose This study evaluated the effects of an automated, small-group intervention designed to teach preschoolers challenging vocabulary words. Previous studies have provided evidence of efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the program after doubling the number of words taught from 2 to 4 words per book. Method Seventeen preschool children listened to 1 prerecorded book per week for 9 weeks. Each storybook had embedded, interactive lessons for 4 target vocabulary words. Each lesson provided repeated exposures to words and their definitions, child-friendly contexts, and multiple opportunities for children to respond verbally to instructional prompts. Participants were asked to define the weekly targeted vocabulary before and after intervention. A repeated acquisition single-case design was used to examine the effects of the books and embedded lessons on learning of target vocabulary words. Results Treatment effects were observed for all children across many of the books. Learning of at least 2 points (i.e., 1 word) was replicated for 74.5% of 149 books tested across the 17 participants. On average, children learned to define 47% of the target vocabulary words (17 out of 36). Conclusions Results support including 4 challenging words per book, as children learned substantially more words when 4 words were taught, in comparison to previous studies. Within an iterative development process, results of the current study take us 1 step closer to creating an optimal vocabulary intervention that supports the language development of at-risk children.

Successful Implicit Vocabulary Intervention for Three Cantonese-Speaking Toddlers: A Replicated Single-Case Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 4148-4161
Author(s):  
Christine S.-Y. Ng ◽  
Stephanie F. Stokes ◽  
Mary Alt
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Vocabulary Intervention ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood Density ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood ◽  
And Control ◽  
Case Design

Purpose We report on a replicated single-case design study that measured the feasibility of an expressive vocabulary intervention for three Cantonese-speaking toddlers with small expressive lexicons relative to their age. The aim was to assess the cross-cultural and cross-linguistic feasibility of an intervention method developed for English-speaking children. Method A nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design was used with four baseline data points and 16 intervention sessions per participant. The intervention design incorporated implicit learning principles, high treatment dosage, and control of the phonological neighborhood density of the stimuli. The children (24–39 months) attended 7–9 weeks of twice weekly input-based treatment in which no explicit verbal production was required from the child. Each target word was provided as input a minimum of 64 times in at least two intervention sessions. Treatment feasibility was measured by comparison of how many of the target and control words the child produced across the intervention period, and parent-reported expressive vocabulary checklists were completed for comparison of pre- and postintervention child spoken vocabulary size. An omnibus effect size for the treatment effect of the number of target and control words produced across time was calculated using Kendall's Tau. Results There was a significant treatment effect for target words learned in intervention relative to baselines, and all children produced significantly more target than control words across the intervention period. The effect of phonological neighborhood density on expressive word production could not be evaluated because two of the three children learned all target words. Conclusion The results provide cross-cultural evidence of the feasibility of a model of intervention that incorporated a high-dosage, cross-situational statistical learning paradigm to teach spoken word production to children with small expressive lexicons.

scholarly journals Subtyping Salmonella isolated from pet dogs with multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs)

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Yang ◽  
Wangfeng Shao ◽  
Lingling Wei ◽  
Lingxiao Chen ◽  
Aihua Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Common Serotypes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractSalmonella, as a zoonotic pathogen, has attracted widespread attention worldwide, especially in the transmission between household pets and humans. Therefore, we investigated the epidemic distribution of dog Salmonella from pet hospitals and breeding base in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China, and used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) to subtype Salmonella isolates. From April 2018 to November 2019, a total of 469 samples were collected from pet hospitals and breeding base, including 339 dog samples and 60 cat samples. S. Kentucky (40.74%) was the most prevalent serotype, but other, such as S. Typhimurium (18.52%) and S. Indiana (18.52%), were also widespread. Eight different sequence type (ST) patterns were identified by MLST and ST198 was the highest proportion of these isolates. CRISPRs analysis showed that 9 different Kentucky CRISPR types (KCTs) was identified from ST198. 48 spacers including 29 (6 News) for CRISPR1 and 19 (4 News) for CRISPR2 that proved the polymorphic of Salmonella genes in samples from different sources. The analysis demonstrated that the common serotypes were widely present in pet hosts in the same area. This analysis shows that CRISPR genes have better recognition ability in the same serotype, which has a positive effect on the traceability of Salmonella and the prevention and treatment of salmonellosis.

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