The impact of kinder training on young children’s on-task behavior: A single-case design.

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-91
Author(s):  
Szu-Yu Chen ◽  
Natalya A. Lindo
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Task Behavior ◽  
On Task Behavior ◽  
Kinder Training ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Design

Volitional Change in Children With Autism: A Single-Case Design Study of the Impact of Hippotherapy on Motivation

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee R. Taylor ◽  
Gary Kielhofner ◽  
Caitlin Smith ◽  
Sherri Butler ◽  
Susan M. Cahill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Design Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Design

Estimating the Impact of Design Standards on the Rigor of a Subset of Single-Case Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 104420732093404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin Shepley ◽  
Kathleen N. Zimmerman ◽  
Kevin M. Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Case Research ◽  
What Works ◽  
What Works Clearinghouse ◽  
Single Case Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Design

The implementation of research-based practices by teachers in public school classrooms is required under federal law as expressed in the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004. To aid teachers in identifying such practices, researchers conduct systematic reviews of the educational literature. Although recent attention has been given to changes in the quality of these reviews, there has been minimal discussion about changes in the quality of the studies that comprise them. Specifically, to what extent have educational policies leading to the creation of experimental design standards resulted in a change in the rigor of educational research? Using a subset of the single-case literature commonly published in special education journals, we estimate the impact of What Works Clearinghouse single-case design standards on the trend in the rigor of single-case studies using a comparative interrupted time series framework. Within this subset of single-case studies, our estimation strategy did not detect a change in the trend of the rigor of single-case research following the establishment of What Works Clearinghouse single-case design standards. Implications are discussed for practitioners and researchers. Study data, syntax, and supplemental materials are available for public use at https://osf.io/xp7wv/.

Understanding individual differences in response to Self-Practice and Self-Reflection (SP/SR) during CBT training

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Chaddock ◽  
Richard Thwaites ◽  
James Bennett-Levy ◽  
Mark H. Freeston
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Experiential Training ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Training Strategy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Design

AbstractSelf-Practice/Self-Reflection (SP/SR) has been developed as a self-experiential training strategy to enhance CBT therapists’ skills. SP/SR gives therapists an experience of CBT through practising CBT techniques on themselves, and reflecting on the experience and its implications for clinical practice. Many practitioners report significant professional and personal gains from SP/SR; however, there is considerable individual variation. This study examined individual experiences of SP/SR in order to develop a better understanding of idiosyncratic variations in participants’ approaches to SP/SR, and to inform the design and implementation of future SP/SR programmes. A single-case design was employed to examine the experiences of four trainee cognitive-behaviour therapists who were undertaking SP/SR as part of their professional training in CBT. Quantitative data from self-ratings of skill, and qualitative data from participants’ reflections and attributions following completion of SP/SR were examined. Both the participants, and two additional reviewers were consulted in the interpretation of the results. The impact of SP/SR appeared specific to each participant, reflecting different ways that participants engaged with SP/SR materials. The study suggests that for optimal development, engagement of the personal self and therapist self may be required.

The Effects of Crossgroup Feedback on Off-Task Behavior in a Physical Education Setting

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stu Ryan ◽  
Beverly Yerg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Task Behavior ◽  
Physical Education Students ◽  
Feedback Data ◽  
Case Design

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of feedback given to (a) target student(s) from same sector (close by) and (b) opposite sectors (at a distance) on the off-task behavior of middle school physical education students. The design used in this investigation was a reversal A-B-A-B with two treatments, single case design across subjects. The two treatments (independent variables) were same sector feedback and opposite sector feedback. Data were collected on the dependent variable of off-task behavior and the variables of rate and type of feedback, student and teacher location, and teacher movement. Results indicated consistency in the decline of off-task behavior for all classes when opposite sector (crossgroup) feedback was implemented, which suggests that teacher feedback at a distance can be an effective technique for reducing student off-task behavior. In all but one case, off-task behavior rates reduced markedly at the point when the intervention was introduced. The results also indicated both participating teachers tended to use more skill feedback and less management feedback with their classes when using crossgroup feedback.

Evaluating Tau-U With Oral Reading Fluency Data and the Impact of Measurement Error

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Klingbeil ◽  
Ethan R. Van Norman ◽  
Katherine E. McLendon ◽  
Sarah G. Ross ◽  
John C. Begeny
Keyword(s):  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Design

Recently, researchers have argued that using quantitative effect sizes in single-case design (SCD) research may facilitate the identification evidence-based practices. Indices to quantify nonoverlap are among the most common methods for quantifying treatment effects in SCD research. Tau-U represents a family of effect size indices that were developed to address criticisms of previously developed measures of nonoverlap. However, more research is necessary to determine the extent to which Tau-U successfully addresses proposed limitations of other nonoverlap methods. This study evaluated Tau-U effect sizes, derived from multiple-baseline designs, where researchers used curriculum-based measures of reading (CBM-R) to measure reading fluency. Specifically, we evaluated the distribution of the summary Tau-U statistic when applied to a large set of CBM-R data and assessed how the variability inherent in CBM-R data may influence the obtained Tau-U values. Findings suggest that the summary Tau-U statistic may be susceptible to ceiling effects. Moreover, the results provide initial evidence that error inherent in CBM-R scores may have a small but meaningful influence on the obtained effect sizes. Implications and recommendations for research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Systematic Use of Visual Analysis for Assessing Outcomes in Single Case Design Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Ledford ◽  
Justin D. Lane ◽  
Katherine E. Severini
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Summative Evaluation ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Dichotomous Responses ◽  
Single Case Designs ◽  
Evaluation Of Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Design

Single case designs (SCDs) allow researchers to objectively evaluate the impact of an intervention by repeatedly measuring a dependent variable across baseline and intervention conditions. Rooted in baseline logic, SCDs evaluate change over time, with each participant serving as his or her own control during the course of a study. Formative and summative evaluation of data is critical to determining causal relations. Visual analysis involves evaluation of level, trend, variability, consistency, overlap, and immediacy of effects within (baseline and intervention) and between conditions (baseline to intervention). The purpose of this paper is to highlight the process for visually analysing data collected in the context of a SCD and to provide structures and procedures for evaluating the six data characteristics of interest. A checklist with dichotomous responses (i.e., yes/no) is presented to facilitate implementation and reporting of systematic visual analysis.

scholarly journals INTRAPRENEURIAL DYNAMICS: A CASE RESEARCH AT THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY IN PORTUGAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno F. ABRANTES
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Case Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Design

This research focusses on the firm endowments; focusing on the impact of an organizational structure and its managerial systems as the intrapreneurial conditions (IC) for constraining and/or leveraging behavioral patterns of intrapreneurial dynamics (ID). With a positivistic stance and deductive approach to theory development, the researcher attempts to test the phenomenon using a single case design with a holistic frame. The intrapreneurial assessment model of Hartman (2006) outlines the IC variables. Online questionnaires directed to the stakeholders of the partaking firm have originated a probabilistic and randomized sample of 9,70% of respondents of the target-population (670 employees).  We argue that the firm´s environment has a direct impact on the intrapreneurial behavior at both, managerial and non-managerial levels, since data exhibits an interaction of variables IC-ID with a positive correlation in its mutation patterns. Herein, is not encompassed the subset of ID with roots upon corporate entrepreneurship (CE); however, it constitutes a clear gap for further statistical and analytical generalizations. This study illuminates the determinism of the organizational ecosystems on the formation of intrapreneurial ideas and ventures and shaping the new intraprises with regard to Entrepreneurial Employee Activity (EEA).

scholarly journals The Effects of CellF-Monitoring on Students’ Academic Engagement: A Technology-Based Self-Monitoring Intervention

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa A. Schardt ◽  
Faith G. Miller ◽  
Peña L. Bedesem
Keyword(s):  
Academic Engagement ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Task Behavior ◽  
On Task Behavior ◽  
Independent Work

Students who are not academically engaged spend less time mastering material, are less likely to be successful in school, and are more likely to be disruptive. The purpose of the current brief report was to investigate the effects of a technology-based self-monitoring intervention on elementary students’ academic engagement during independent work time. The intervention, CellF-Monitor, is an iPad application that allows individuals to self-rate their on-task behavior. In this multiple-baseline, single-case-design study, four nominated students used the CellF-Monitor during independent work time in their regular education classrooms. Systematic direct observations, self-ratings, and teachers’ Direct Behavior Ratings of academically engaged and on-task behaviors were collected to measure students’ behavioral changes from baseline to the intervention and reinforcement phases. Visual analyses illustrated positive effects of the CellF-Monitor on academic engagement and on-task behavior, and findings were augmented by effect size estimates.

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