scholarly journals 3D-printed devices for continuous-flow organic chemistry

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 951-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenza Dragone ◽  
Victor Sans ◽  
Mali H Rosnes ◽  
Philip J Kitson ◽  
Leroy Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Chemistry ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
3D Printed

We present a study in which the versatility of 3D-printing is combined with the processing advantages of flow chemistry for the synthesis of organic compounds. Robust and inexpensive 3D-printed reactionware devices are easily connected using standard fittings resulting in complex, custom-made flow systems, including multiple reactors in a series with in-line, real-time analysis using an ATR-IR flow cell. As a proof of concept, we utilized two types of organic reactions, imine syntheses and imine reductions, to show how different reactor configurations and substrates give different products.

scholarly journals 3D Printed Clamps for In Vitro Tensile Tests of Human Gracilis and the Superficial Third of Quadriceps Tendons

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2563
Author(s):  
Ivan Grgić ◽  
Vjekoslav Wertheimer ◽  
Mirko Karakašić ◽  
Željko Ivandić
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
3D Printed

Recent soft tissue studies have reported issues that occur during experimentation, such as the tissue slipping and rupturing during tensile loads, the lack of standard testing procedure and equipment, the necessity for existing laboratory equipment adaptation, etc. To overcome such issues and fulfil the need for the determination of the biomechanical properties of the human gracilis and the superficial third of the quadriceps tendons, 3D printed clamps with metric thread profile-based geometry were developed. The clamps’ geometry consists of a truncated pyramid pattern, which prevents the tendons from slipping and rupturing. The use of the thread application in the design of the clamp could be used in standard clamping development procedures, unlike in previously custom-made clamps. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) was used as a 3D printing technique, together with polylactic acid (PLA), which was used as a material for clamp printing. The design was confirmed and the experiments were conducted by using porcine and human tendons. The findings justify the usage of 3D printing technology for parts manufacturing in the case of tissue testing and establish independence from the existing machine clamp system, since it was possible to print clamps for each prepared specimen and thus reduce the time for experiment setup.

scholarly journals A modular 3D printed isothermal heat flow calorimeter for reaction calorimetry in continuous flow

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1410-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel C. Maier ◽  
Michael Leitner ◽  
C. Oliver Kappe ◽  
Heidrun Gruber-Woelfler
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Reaction Calorimetry ◽  
Flow Calorimeter ◽  
Heat Flow Calorimeter ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Isothermal Heat Flow Calorimeter

The presented continuous flow calorimeter enables process understanding of novel flow syntheses and the use of highly reactive compounds. Adaptation of the calorimeter is possible via 3D printing and due to its modular and expandable design.

scholarly journals Multi-Material 3D Printing of a Customized Sports Mouth Guard: Proof-of-Concept Clinical Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12762
Author(s):  
Alexey Unkovskiy ◽  
Fabian Huettig ◽  
Pablo Kraemer-Fernandez ◽  
Sebastian Spintzyk
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Digital Workflow ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Drop On Demand ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mouth Guards ◽  
Protective Performance

A multilayer mouth guard is known to have the best protective performance. However, its manufacturing in a digital workflow may be challenging with regards to virtual design and materialization. The present case demonstrates a pathway to fabricate a multilayer individualized mouth guard in a fully digital workflow, which starts with intraoral scanning. A free-form CAD software was used for the virtual design. Two various CAM techniques were used, including Polyjet 3D printing of rubber-like soft material and silicone printing using Drop-on-Demand technique. For both methods the outer layer was manufactured from more rigid materials to facilitate its protective function; the inner layer was printed from a softer material to aid a better adaptation to mucosa and teeth. Both 3D printed multilayer mouth guards showed a clinically acceptable fit and were met with patient appraisal. Their protective capacities must be evaluated in further clinical studies.

scholarly journals Development of processes allowing near real-time refinement and validation of triage tools during the early stage of an outbreak in readiness for surge: the FLU-CATs Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (89) ◽  
pp. 1-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhir Venkatesan ◽  
Puja R Myles ◽  
Gerard McCann ◽  
Antonis A Kousoulis ◽  
Maimoona Hashmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Levels Of Care ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Future Outbreak

BackgroundDuring pandemics of novel influenza and outbreaks of emerging infections, surge in health-care demand can exceed capacity to provide normal standards of care. In such exceptional circumstances, triage tools may aid decisions in identifying people who are most likely to benefit from higher levels of care. Rapid research during the early phase of an outbreak should allow refinement and validation of triage tools so that in the event of surge a valid tool is available. The overarching study aim is to conduct a prospective near real-time analysis of structured clinical assessments of influenza-like illness (ILI) using primary care electronic health records (EHRs) during a pandemic. This abstract summarises the preparatory work, infrastructure development, user testing and proof-of-concept study.Objectives(1) In preparation for conducting rapid research in the early phase of a future outbreak, to develop processes that allow near real-time analysis of general practitioner (GP) assessments of people presenting with ILI, management decisions and patient outcomes. (2) As proof of concept: conduct a pilot study evaluating the performance of the triage tools ‘Community Assessment Tools’ and ‘Pandemic Medical Early Warning Score’ to predict hospital admission and death in patients presenting with ILI to GPs during inter-pandemic winter seasons.DesignProspective near real-time analysis of structured clinical assessments and anonymised linkage to data from EHRs. User experience was evaluated by semistructured interviews with participating GPs.SettingThirty GPs in England, Wales and Scotland, participating in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.ParticipantsAll people presenting with ILI.InterventionsNone.Main outcome measuresStudy outcome is proof of concept through demonstration of data capture and near real-time analysis. Primary patient outcomes were hospital admission within 24 hours and death (all causes) within 30 days of GP assessment. Secondary patient outcomes included GP decision to prescribe antibiotics and/or influenza-specific antiviral drugs and/or refer to hospital – if admitted, the need for higher levels of care and length of hospital stay.Data sourcesLinked anonymised data from a web-based structured clinical assessment and primary care EHRs.ResultsIn the 24 months to April 2015, data from 704 adult and 159 child consultations by 30 GPs were captured. GPs referred 11 (1.6%) adults and six (3.8%) children to hospital. There were 13 (1.8%) deaths of adults and two (1.3%) of children. There were too few outcome events to draw any conclusions regarding the performance of the triage tools. GP interviews showed that although there were some difficulties with installation, the web-based data collection tool was quick and easy to use. Some GPs felt that a minimal monetary incentive would promote participation.ConclusionsWe have developed processes that allow capture and near real-time automated analysis of GP’s clinical assessments and management decisions of people presenting with ILI.Future workWe will develop processes to include other EHR systems, attempt linkage to data on influenza surveillance and maintain processes in readiness for a future outbreak.Study registrationThis study is registered as ISRCTN87130712 and UK Clinical Research Network 12827.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme. MGS is supported by the UK NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections.

scholarly journals Cover Feature: Supporting‐Electrolyte‐Free Electrochemical Methoxymethylation of Alcohols Using a 3D‐Printed Electrosynthesis Continuous Flow Cell System (ChemElectroChem 16/2019)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 4063-4063
Author(s):  
Carlo G. W. van Melis ◽  
Matthew R. Penny ◽  
Anthony D. Garcia ◽  
Alessia Petti ◽  
Adrian P. Dobbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
3D Printed

scholarly journals 3D printing of PEEK reactors for flow chemistry and continuous chemical processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Harding ◽  
Sarah Brady ◽  
Heather O'Connor ◽  
Rafael Lopez-Rodriguez ◽  
Matthew D. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Flow Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Continuous Processing ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Continuous Chemical

3D-printed parts in PEEK for flow chemistry and continuous processing produced using fused filament fabrication.

scholarly journals Designer Cranioplasty at Budget Prices: A Novel Use of 3D Printing Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thirumal Yerragunta ◽  
Reddy Ramanadha Kanala ◽  
Vamsi Krishna Yerramneni ◽  
Swapnil Kolpakawar ◽  
Vasundhara Rangan
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Polymethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Exact Shape

Abstract Background Cranioplasty using synthetic materials for restoration of the exact shape of the skull has always remained a challenge until the development of 3D printing technology. However, the high-cost of available 3D printed implants limits their extensive use. Objectives To study the effectiveness of a low-cost, 3D-printed template for molding the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (bone cement) in order to achieve exact contours of the skull specific to each patient. Materials and Methods 10 cranioplasties have been performed between July 2018 to December 2019 in a variety of craniotomy defects using bone cement flaps shaped using custom-made molds. The mold was 3D-printed and based on each patient’s CT images in digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM). Miniplates and screws were used to fix the flap. Postoperatively, clinical and radiological evaluation were done to assess patient satisfaction and accuracy of contour achieved. Results Patient satisfaction as well as accuracy of contouring, as seen on postoperative CT scans, were excellent. There were no notable complications on follow-up. Conclusion PMMA cranioplasty flap, contoured using a 3D-printed mold, is a very cost-effective alternative for restoration of skull contour for various craniotomy defects.Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) molded to form the exact shape of lost calvarium using 3D printed plastic templates is a smart and economical solution

scholarly journals Microplastics Detection in Streaming Tap Water with Raman Spectroscopy

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Kathrin Kniggendorf ◽  
Christoph Wetzel ◽  
Bernhard Roth
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Custom Made

Microplastic particles have been found in drinking water sources worldwide and, thus, also in our food and beverages. Especially small microplastics, with sizes of 1 mm and less, cannot be identified reliably without spectroscopic means such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) or Raman spectroscopy, usually applied to the particles extracted from the samples. However, for drinking and tap water, with its comparatively low biological loads, direct observation may be possible and allows a point-of-entry monitoring for beverages and food to ensure uncontaminated drinking water is being used. In a proof of concept, we apply Raman spectroscopy to observe individual microplastic particles in tap water with added particulate and fluorescent contaminants streaming with 1 L/h through a custom-made flow cell. We evaluated several tubing materials for compatibility with microplastic suspensions containing three different polymers widely found in microplastic surveys worldwide. The experiment promises the monitoring of streaming tap water and even clear surface waters for microplastics smaller than 0.1 mm.

scholarly journals Development of a 3D Printed Double-Acting Linear Pneumatic Actuator for the Tendon Gripping

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2528
Author(s):  
Ivan Grgić ◽  
Vjekoslav Wertheimer ◽  
Mirko Karakašić ◽  
Željko Ivandić
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Pneumatic Actuator ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
3D Printed

The lack of standardization in tissue testing procedures results in a variety of custom-made devices. In the case of the determination of the mechanical properties of tendons, it is sometimes necessary to adapt the existing laboratory equipment for conducting experiments when specific commercial equipment is not applicable to solve issues such as proper gripping to prevent tendon slipping and rupturing, gripping control and manoeuvrability in case of tendon submerging and without contamination of the testing liquid. This paper presents the systematic development, design, and fabrication using 3D printing technology and the application of the double-acting linear pneumatic actuator to overcome such issues. It is designed to do its work submerged in the Ringers’ solution while gripping the tendon along with the clamps. The pneumatic foot valve unit of the Shimadzu AGS-X tensile testing machine controls the actuator thus preventing Ringers’ solution to be contaminated by the machine operator during specimen set-up. The actuator has a length of 60 mm, a bore of 50 mm, and a stroke length of 20 mm. It is designed to operate with an inlet pressure of up to 0.8 MPa. It comprises the cylinder body with the integrated thread, the piston, the piston head, and the gripper jaw. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has been used as the 3D printing technique, along with polylactic acid (PLA) as the material for 3D printing. The 3D printed double-acting linear pneumatic actuator was developed into an operating prototype. This study could open new frontiers in the field of tissue testing and the development of similar specialized devices for medical purposes.

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