scholarly journals Microplastics Detection in Streaming Tap Water with Raman Spectroscopy

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Kathrin Kniggendorf ◽  
Christoph Wetzel ◽  
Bernhard Roth
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Custom Made

Microplastic particles have been found in drinking water sources worldwide and, thus, also in our food and beverages. Especially small microplastics, with sizes of 1 mm and less, cannot be identified reliably without spectroscopic means such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) or Raman spectroscopy, usually applied to the particles extracted from the samples. However, for drinking and tap water, with its comparatively low biological loads, direct observation may be possible and allows a point-of-entry monitoring for beverages and food to ensure uncontaminated drinking water is being used. In a proof of concept, we apply Raman spectroscopy to observe individual microplastic particles in tap water with added particulate and fluorescent contaminants streaming with 1 L/h through a custom-made flow cell. We evaluated several tubing materials for compatibility with microplastic suspensions containing three different polymers widely found in microplastic surveys worldwide. The experiment promises the monitoring of streaming tap water and even clear surface waters for microplastics smaller than 0.1 mm.

Modification of PEDOT:PSS Surface by RGD Peptide

2019 ◽  
Vol 955 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Šárka Tumová ◽  
Romana Malečková ◽  
Vojtěch Enev ◽  
Stanislav Stříteský ◽  
Jan Víteček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Rgd Peptide ◽  
Novel Technique

In this paper, a novel technique for modification of PEDOT:PSS surface by the arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD) acid, using a bifunctional photolinker sulfosuccinimidyl 6-(4’-azido-2’-nitrophenylamino) hexanoate (sulfo-SANPAH), is presented. The technique is based on the UV light initialized immobilization of the photolinker to the surface of the polymer and subsequent link of the RGD peptide to the photolinker via coupling reaction. The aim of this modification is the improvement of the biocompatibility and hydrophilicity of the polymer PEDOT:PSS. To confirm if the process of conjugation of RGD peptide to the surface of the polymer PEDOT:PSS was successful, the contact angle measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and elemental analysis was performed. All of the obtained results indicate the conjugation of RGD peptide to the PEDOT:PSS surface was successful.

Dehydrogenation and Polymerization of TiOxHy Films in Obtaining Anatase Coating at Low Temperature

2002 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouichi Takayama ◽  
Shigeo Ohshio ◽  
Hidetoshi Saitoh
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Titanium Tetra Isopropoxide

ABSTRACTChemical-vapor-deposition of titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) under the atmosphere at low temperature has been conducted. The structure of the obtained films was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy. These analyses indicated that amorphous TiOxHy films were obtained at gas temperatures in the range of 150–300 °C, and crystalline anatase-TiO2 film was formed at 350 °C. This distinction is accounted for by plausible chemical reactions as follows; the hydroxyl reaction of TTIP below 350 °C promotes the formation of the amorphous TiOxHy. As the temperature goes up to 350 °C, dehydrogenation of the TiOxHy films promotes to form crystalline TiO2. Also the obtained amorphous films were annealed for 10 min under the atmosphere in assessing the transformation proceeding in the solid state. The structural change is shown at 350 °C, indicating that the crystalline phase would be formed via dehydrogenation and polymerization on the surface of the amorphous phase under the atmosphere. The crystal size of the annealed films was evaluated in assessment for the transformation.

Effect of Oxidation Condition on the Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets and the Electrical Properties of Poly (Trimethylene Terephthalate) Composites Prepared Using these Nanosheets

2015 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 202-205
Author(s):  
Chien Lin Huang ◽  
Wei Zhe Xu ◽  
Syuan Hua Wu ◽  
Wen Cheng Chen ◽  
Jia Horng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Condition ◽  
Solution Blending ◽  
Trimethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

Graphene nanosheets (GNSs) with different oxygen contents crucially affect the performance of polymer composites. In this study, we compared GNSs prepared from graphite oxide (GO) using three different concentrations of potassium permanganate and thermal reduction of GO at 1050 °C. The structural properties of GO and GNSs were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, an effective coagulation method was used to prepare poly (trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) composites filled with well-dispersed GNSs by selecting suitable solvents for solution blending. The electrical properties of PTT/GNSs were investigated to reveal the effect of oxygen content of GNSs.

scholarly journals 3D-printed devices for continuous-flow organic chemistry

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 951-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenza Dragone ◽  
Victor Sans ◽  
Mali H Rosnes ◽  
Philip J Kitson ◽  
Leroy Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Chemistry ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
3D Printed

We present a study in which the versatility of 3D-printing is combined with the processing advantages of flow chemistry for the synthesis of organic compounds. Robust and inexpensive 3D-printed reactionware devices are easily connected using standard fittings resulting in complex, custom-made flow systems, including multiple reactors in a series with in-line, real-time analysis using an ATR-IR flow cell. As a proof of concept, we utilized two types of organic reactions, imine syntheses and imine reductions, to show how different reactor configurations and substrates give different products.

Characterization of exogenic fulgurites from an archaeological site in Tiedra, Valladolid, Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (08) ◽  
pp. 1455-1462
Author(s):  
Pablo Martín-Ramos ◽  
Francisco PSC Gil ◽  
Francisco J Martín-Gil ◽  
Jesús Martín-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shocked Quartz ◽  
Type V

AbstractStudies on type-V fulgurites are very sparse in the literature. This work reports on the characterization of natural exogenic fulgurites found at the archaeological site of Cerro de la Ermita (Tiedra, Valladolid, Spain), which was firstly a Celtiberian and then a Roman locum sacrum. Data from X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy suggest that the fulgurites consist of naquite, piroxenes, iron oxides, shocked quartz and neo-formed cristobalite.

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