scholarly journals The digital code driven autonomous synthesis of ibuprofen automated in a 3D-printer-based robot

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 2776-2783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J Kitson ◽  
Stefan Glatzel ◽  
Leroy Cronin
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Automated System ◽  
One Pot ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Python Programming ◽  
Reaction Vessels

An automated synthesis robot was constructed by modifying an open source 3D printing platform. The resulting automated system was used to 3D print reaction vessels (reactionware) of differing internal volumes using polypropylene feedstock via a fused deposition modeling 3D printing approach and subsequently make use of these fabricated vessels to synthesize the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen via a consecutive one-pot three-step approach. The synthesis of ibuprofen could be achieved on different scales simply by adjusting the parameters in the robot control software. The software for controlling the synthesis robot was written in the python programming language and hard-coded for the synthesis of ibuprofen by the method described, opening possibilities for the sharing of validated synthetic ‘programs’ which can run on similar low cost, user-constructed robotic platforms towards an ‘open-source’ regime in the area of chemical synthesis.

scholarly journals Multifunctional SENSING using 3D printed CNTs/BaTiO3/PVDF nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1319-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoejin Kim ◽  
Bethany R Wilburn ◽  
Edison Castro ◽  
Carlos A Garcia Rosales ◽  
Luis A Chavez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Property ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Fused Deposition

This research studied multifunctional sensing capabilities on nanocomposites composed of poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF), BaTiO3 (BT), and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fabricated by fused-deposition modeling 3D printing. To improve the dielectric property within BT/PVDF composites, CNTs have been utilized to promote ultrahigh polarization density and local micro-capacitor among BT and polymer matrix. The 3D printing process provides homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles, alleviating agglomeration of nanoparticles, and reducing micro-crack/voids in matrix which can enhance their dielectric property. In this research, we demonstrated that by utilizing unique advantages of this material combination and a 3D printing technique, sensing capabilities for temperature and strain can be engineered with different content variations of included BT and CNTs. It is observed that the sensing capability for temperature change with respect to a 25–150℃ range can be improved as both BT and CNTs’ inclusions increase and is maximal with 1.7 wt.% CNTs/60 wt.% BT/PVDF nanocomposites, while the sensing capability for strain change in a 0–20% range is maximal with 1 wt.% CNTs/12 wt.% BT/PVDF nanocomposites. In addition, it is found that the best combination for mechanical toughness is 1 wt.% CNTs/12 wt.% BT/PVDF with 24.2 MPa and 579% in ultimate tensile strength and failure strain, respectively. These results show the technique to 3D print multifunctional nanocomposites with temperature and strain sensing capabilities as well as increased mechanical property. Furthermore, this research demonstrated the feasibility for large-scale multifunctional sensor device manufacturing with freedom of design, low-cost, and an accelerated process.

Effect of copper or carbon fiber addition to the 3D printing of polylactid samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 727-732
Author(s):  
L. Zárybnická ◽  
D. Machová ◽  
K. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Quality ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
The Right

Abstract This paper presents the effect of additives on the quality of a product created by 3D print. The product is created by the most widely used 3D printing method - Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Polylactic acid (PLA) filaments are tested without and with the addition of carbon fibers or copper. The specimens are characterized by different methods, such as mechanical testing, measuring roughness by digital microscope with a large depth of field and thermal analysis. In fact, FDM is a problematic process with numerous criterions that affect printing quality. Printing parameters such as print temperature, pad temperature, print speed for 3D printing, printing orientation etc. have an important impact on the performance and quality of FDM components. Due to the correct parameters, the product of the required quality with a longer service life is obtained. The results of testing show that the quantity and choice of the right ingredient has a major impact on the mechanical properties and overall quality of the investigated product.

Options for additive rapid prototyping methods (3D printing) in MEMS technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor A. Lifton ◽  
Gregory Lifton ◽  
Steve Simon
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Mems Technology

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the options for additive rapid prototyping methods in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Additive rapid prototyping technologies, such as stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM) and selective laser sintering (SLS), all commonly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing methods, are reviewed and compared with the resolution requirements of the traditional MEMS fabrication methods. Design/methodology/approach – In the 3D print approach, the entire assembly, parts and prototypes are built using various plastic and metal materials directly from the software file input, completely bypassing any additional processing steps. The review highlights their potential place in the overall process flow to reduce the complexity of traditional microfabrication and long processing cycles needed to test multiple prototypes before the final design is set. Findings – Additive manufacturing (AM) is a promising manufacturing technique in micro-device technology. Practical implications – In the current state of 3D printing, microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices for fluid handling and manipulation appear to be the most compatible with the 3D print methods, given their fairly coarse minimum feature size of 50-500 μm. Future directions in the 3D materials and method development are identified, such as adhesion and material compatibility studies of the 3D print materials, wafer-level printing and conductive materials development. One of the most important goals should be the drive toward finer resolution and layer thickness (1-10 μm) to stimulate the use of the 3D printing in a wider array of MEMS devices. Originality/value – The review combines two discrete disciplines, microfabrication and AM, and shows how microfabrication and micro-device commercialization may benefit from employing methods developed by the AM community.

scholarly journals An overview on 3D Printed Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-13
Author(s):  
Neha Thakur ◽  
Hari Murthy
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Semi Solid

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a digitally-controlled additive manufacturing technique used for fast prototyping. This paper reviews various 3D printing techniques like Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling, (FDM), Semi-solid extrusion (SSE), Stereolithography (SLA), Thermal Inkjet (TIJ) Printing, and Binder jetting 3D Printing along with their application in the field of medicine. Normal medicines are based on the principle of “one-size-fits-all”. This is not true always, it is possible medicine used for curing one patient is giving some side effects to another. To overcome this drawback “3D Printed medicines” are developed. In this paper, 3D printed medicines forming different Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) are reviewed. Printed medicines are capable of only curing the diseases, not for the diagnosis. Nanomedicines have “theranostic” ability which combines therapeutic and diagnostic. Nanoparticles are used as the drug delivery system (DDS) to damaged cells’ specific locations. By the use of nanomedicine, the fast recovery of the disease is possible. The plant-based nanoparticles are used with herbal medicines which give low-cost and less toxic medication called nanobiomedicine. 4D and 5D printing technology for the medical field are also enlightened in this paper.

scholarly journals Molds with Advanced Materials for Carbon Fiber Manufacturing with 3D Printing Technology

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3700
Author(s):  
Patrich Ferretti ◽  
Gian Maria Santi ◽  
Christian Leon-Cardenas ◽  
Marco Freddi ◽  
Giampiero Donnici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Fiber Manufacturing

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing is the most widespread technology in additive manufacturing worldwide that thanks to its low costs, finished component applications, and the production process of other parts. The need for lighter and higher-performance components has led to an increased usage of polymeric matrix composites in many fields ranging from automotive to aerospace. The molds used to manufacture these components are made with different technologies, depending on the number of pieces to be made. Usually, they are fiberglass molds with a thin layer of gelcoat to lower the surface roughness and obtain a smooth final surface of the component. Alternatively, they are made from metal, thus making a single carbon fiber prototype very expensive due to the mold build. Making the mold using FDM technology can be a smart solution to reduce costs, but due to the layer deposition process, the roughness is quite high. The surface can be improved by reducing the layer height, but it is still not possible to reach the same degree of surface finish of metallic or gelcoat molds without the use of fillers. Thermoplastic polymers, also used in the FDM process, are generally soluble in specific solvents. This aspect can be exploited to perform chemical smoothing of the external surface of a component. The combination of FDM and chemical smoothing can be a solution to produce low-cost molds with a very good surface finish.

Realization of Modified Elliptical Shaped Dielectric Lens Antenna for X Band Applications with 3D Printing Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 916-921
Author(s):  
Aysu Belen ◽  
Evrim Tetik
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Lens Antenna ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Dielectric Lens ◽  
3D Em

Placing dielectric lens structures into an antenna's aperture has proven to be one of the most reliable methods of enhancing its gain. However, the selected material and the prototyping method usually limit their fabrication process. With the advances in 3D printing technology and their applications, the microwave designs that were either impractical or impossible in the past to manufacture using traditional methods, are now feasible. Herein, a novel prototyping method by using 3D-printer technology for low-cost, broadband, and high gain dielectric lens designs has been presented. Firstly, the elliptical lens design has been modeled in the 3D EM simulation environment. Then fused deposition modeling based 3D-printing method has been used for the fabrication of the dielectric lens. The measured results of the 3D printed antenna show that the lens antenna has a realized gain of 17 to 20.5 dBi over 8-12 GHz. Moreover, the comparison of the prototyped antenna with its counterpart dielectric lens antenna in the literature has indicated that the proposed method is more efficient, more beneficial, and has a lower cost.

Multi material 3D printing of PLA-PA6/TiO2 polymeric matrix: Flexural, wear and morphological properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572095319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhir Kumar ◽  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Mohit Singh ◽  
TP Singh ◽  
Ajay Batish
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Fractured Surface

The poly-lactic acid (PLA), bio compatible polyamide (PA6) and TiO2 has established bio-medical applications especially in 3D printing of scaffolds. But hitherto little has been reported on improving the performance of multi-material matrix for PLA-PA6/TiO2 especially in 3D printing application of biomedical scaffolds. The anti-bacterial properties of PA6/TiO2 make it worthy to be explored with PLA matrix in multi layered fashion on the platform of fused deposition modeling (FDM) being low cost 3D printing technology for in house development of scaffolds. In this work an effort has been made for in-house development of feedstock filaments of PLA and PA6/TiO2 based polymeric composite matrix on twin screw extrusion (TSE) machine. Further the feedstock filament wires were used on FDM to establish the flexural, wear and morphological properties of multi-material 3D printed functional prototype. The results of the study suggest that for flexural strength, infill speed: 90mm/s; infill pattern: triangular and layer combination as 5 consecutive layers of PLA and 5 consecutive layers of PA6/TiO2 are the optimized conditions for FDM printing. The wear testing results suggest that the composite of PA6/TiO2 held low wear rate (823 µm) in comparison to PLA (wear rate: 1092 µm). Further porosity testing (based upon optical photomicrographs) at ×100 and fractured surface analysis at ×30 supported the observed trends for flexural and wear testing. The photomicrographs of fractured surface were 3D rendered to predict the role of surface roughness (Ra) profile for flexural properties. The mechanical and morphological observations are also supported with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.

Comparative evaluation of an open-source FDM system

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne M. Johnson ◽  
Matthew Rowell ◽  
Bill Deason ◽  
Malik Eubanks
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geometric Dimensioning And Tolerancing ◽  
Fused Deposition

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a qualitative and quantitative comparison and evaluation of an open-source fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing (AM) system with a proprietary FDM AM system based on the fabrication of a custom benchmarking model. Design/methodology/approach – A custom benchmarking model was fabricated using the two AM systems and evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The fabricated models were visually inspected and scanned using a 3D laser scanning system to examine their dimensional accuracy and geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) performance with respect to the computer-aided design (CAD) model geometry. Findings – The open-source FDM AM system (CupCake CNC) successfully fabricated most of the features on the benchmark, but the model did suffer from greater thermal warping and surface roughness, and limitations in the fabrication of overhang structures compared to the model fabricated by the proprietary AM system. Overall, the CupCake CNC provides a relatively accurate, low-cost alternative to more expensive proprietary FDM AM systems. Research limitations/implications – This work is limited in the sample size used for the evaluation. Practical implications – This work will provide the public and research AM communities with an improved understanding of the performance and capabilities of an open-source AM system. It may also lead to increased use of open-source systems as research testbeds for the continued improvement of current AM processes, and the development of new AM system designs and processes. Originality/value – This study is one of the first comparative evaluations of an open-source AM with a proprietary AM system.

Rapid tooling using 3D printing system for manufacturing of customized tracheal stent

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evila L. Melgoza ◽  
Guillem Vallicrosa ◽  
Lidia Serenó ◽  
Joaquim Ciurana ◽  
Ciro A. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tracheal Stent ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Medical Grade

Purpose – This work aims to present the design of a new continuous tool-path strategy for open-source low-cost fused deposition modeling (FDM) machines, such as Fab@Home or RepRap; and the development of an innovative integrated tool to design and fabricate customized tracheal stents with any FDM machine and six patient parameters. Both contributions were validated and implemented by obtaining a customized medical-grade silicone tracheal stent. Design/methodology/approach – For the design of the new deposition strategy, a Python programming language was used. The new tool-path strategy was proposed as a continuous path to avoid drops and gaps and to improve the accuracy of the final model. Meanwhile, patient parameters were obtained by medical doctors and introduced into the innovative integrated system. On the one hand, one mold generated automatically, and viewed with Matlab® software, was fabricated with a Fab@Home machine, optimized with the continuous tool-path strategy. On the other hand, the same generated mold was viewed in SolidWorks/Excel software and was fabricated using a commercial FDM machine. Finally, the mold was filled with medical grade silicone, and a silicone tracheal stent was obtained. Findings – Path planning for extrusion technologies is still a major concern, especially for open-source FDM machines. The results obtained in this work show the benefits of applying the newly developed continuous tool-path strategy to optimize the performance and efficiency of these machines. In addition, the proposed innovative integrated system allows the fabrication of customized tracheal stents rapidly and affordably. Practical implications – The possibility of obtaining customized tracheal stents is a worthy challenge. Medical doctors could play a more active role and interact during the design process, helping to obtain more suitable stents. The method proposed herein would provide the opportunity to obtain real values from the trachea of a patient in the operating room and quickly fabricate a customized stent that would fit the patient's trachea perfectly. Originality/value – The results obtained in this work are relevant and have future applications in both the medical and the additive manufacturing fields. The optimized tool-path strategy can help to improve and enhance the use of low-cost FDM machines. Moreover, the innovative automatic design approach to fabricate tracheal stents may open new market opportunities in the medical device field.

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