scholarly journals An overview on 3D Printed Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-13
Author(s):  
Neha Thakur ◽  
Hari Murthy
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Semi Solid

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a digitally-controlled additive manufacturing technique used for fast prototyping. This paper reviews various 3D printing techniques like Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling, (FDM), Semi-solid extrusion (SSE), Stereolithography (SLA), Thermal Inkjet (TIJ) Printing, and Binder jetting 3D Printing along with their application in the field of medicine. Normal medicines are based on the principle of “one-size-fits-all”. This is not true always, it is possible medicine used for curing one patient is giving some side effects to another. To overcome this drawback “3D Printed medicines” are developed. In this paper, 3D printed medicines forming different Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) are reviewed. Printed medicines are capable of only curing the diseases, not for the diagnosis. Nanomedicines have “theranostic” ability which combines therapeutic and diagnostic. Nanoparticles are used as the drug delivery system (DDS) to damaged cells’ specific locations. By the use of nanomedicine, the fast recovery of the disease is possible. The plant-based nanoparticles are used with herbal medicines which give low-cost and less toxic medication called nanobiomedicine. 4D and 5D printing technology for the medical field are also enlightened in this paper.

scholarly journals Research of TPU Materials for 3D Printing Aiming at Non-Pneumatic Tires by FDM Method

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2492
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Xiang Lin ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Pneumatic Tires

3D printing technology has been widely used in various fields, such as biomedicine, clothing design, and aerospace, due to its personalized customization, rapid prototyping of complex structures, and low cost. However, the application of 3D printing technology in the field of non-pneumatic tires has not been systematically studied. In this study, we evaluated the application of potential thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) materials based on FDM technology in the field of non-pneumatic tires. First, the printing process of TPU material based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology was studied through tensile testing and SEM observation. The results show that the optimal 3D printing temperature of the selected TPU material is 210 °C. FDM technology was successfully applied to 3D printed non-pneumatic tires based on TPU material. The study showed that the three-dimensional stiffness of 3D printed non-pneumatic tires is basically 50% of that obtained by simulation. To guarantee the prediction of the performance of 3D printed non-pneumatic tires, we suggest that the performance of these materials should be moderately reduced during the structural design for performance simulation.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1524
Author(s):  
Sadikalmahdi Abdella ◽  
Souha H. Youssef ◽  
Franklin Afinjuomo ◽  
Yunmei Song ◽  
Paris Fouladian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Selection Of

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is among the rapidly evolving technologies with applications in many sectors. The pharmaceutical industry is no exception, and the approval of the first 3D-printed tablet (Spiratam®) marked a revolution in the field. Several studies reported the fabrication of different dosage forms using a range of 3D printing techniques. Thermosensitive drugs compose a considerable segment of available medications in the market requiring strict temperature control during processing to ensure their efficacy and safety. Heating involved in some of the 3D printing technologies raises concerns regarding the feasibility of the techniques for printing thermolabile drugs. Studies reported that semi-solid extrusion (SSE) is the commonly used printing technique to fabricate thermosensitive drugs. Digital light processing (DLP), binder jetting (BJ), and stereolithography (SLA) can also be used for the fabrication of thermosensitive drugs as they do not involve heating elements. Nonetheless, degradation of some drugs by light source used in the techniques was reported. Interestingly, fused deposition modelling (FDM) coupled with filling techniques offered protection against thermal degradation. Concepts such as selection of low melting point polymers, adjustment of printing parameters, and coupling of more than one printing technique were exploited in printing thermosensitive drugs. This systematic review presents challenges, 3DP procedures, and future directions of 3D printing of thermo-sensitive formulations.

scholarly journals 3D Printing for Hip Implant Applications: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2682
Author(s):  
Obinna Okolie ◽  
Iwona Stachurek ◽  
Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian ◽  
James Njuguna
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Replacement Treatment ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
3D Printed

There is a rising demand for replacement, regeneration of tissues and organ repairs for patients who suffer from diseased/damaged bones or tissues such as hip pains. The hip replacement treatment relies on the implant, which may not always meet the requirements due to mechanical and biocompatibility issues which in turn may aggravate the pain. To surpass these limitations, researchers are investigating the use of scaffolds as another approach for implants. Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers significant potential as an efficient fabrication technique on personalized organs as it is capable of biomimicking the intricate designs found in nature. In this review, the determining factors for hip replacement and the different fabrication techniques such as direct 3D printing, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and stereolithography (SLA) for hip replacement. The study also covers surface modifications of 3D printed implants and provides an overview on 3D tissue regeneration. To appreciate the current conventional hip replacement practices, the conventional metallic and ceramic materials are covered, highlighting their rationale as the material of choice. Next, the challenges, ethics and trends in the implants’ 3D printing are covered and conclusions drawn. The outlook and challenges are also presented here. The knowledge from this review indicates that 3D printing has enormous potential for providing a pathway for a sustainable hip replacement.

scholarly journals A 3D Printed Modular Soft Gripper Integrated With Metamaterials for Conformal Grasping

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charbel Tawk ◽  
Rahim Mutlu ◽  
Gursel Alici
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Pneumatic Actuators ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
And Performance

A single universal robotic gripper with the capacity to fulfill a wide variety of gripping and grasping tasks has always been desirable. A three-dimensional (3D) printed modular soft gripper with highly conformal soft fingers that are composed of positive pressure soft pneumatic actuators along with a mechanical metamaterial was developed. The fingers of the soft gripper along with the mechanical metamaterial, which integrates a soft auxetic structure and compliant ribs, was 3D printed in a single step, without requiring support material and postprocessing, using a low-cost and open-source fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer that employs a commercially available thermoplastic poly (urethane) (TPU). The soft fingers of the gripper were optimized using finite element modeling (FEM). The FE simulations accurately predicted the behavior and performance of the fingers in terms of deformation and tip force. Also, FEM was used to predict the contact behavior of the mechanical metamaterial to prove that it highly decreases the contact pressure by increasing the contact area between the soft fingers and the grasped objects and thus proving its effectiveness in enhancing the grasping performance of the gripper. The contact pressure can be decreased by up to 8.5 times with the implementation of the mechanical metamaterial. The configuration of the highly conformal gripper can be easily modulated by changing the number of fingers attached to its base to tailor it for specific manipulation tasks. Two-dimensional (2D) and 3D grasping experiments were conducted to assess the grasping performance of the soft modular gripper and to prove that the inclusion of the metamaterial increases its conformability and reduces the out-of-plane deformations of the soft monolithic fingers upon grasping different objects and consequently, resulting in the gripper in three different configurations including two, three and four-finger configurations successfully grasping a wide variety of objects.

scholarly journals 3D Printing for Drug Manufacturing: A Perspective on the Future of Pharmaceuticals

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lepowsky ◽  
Savas Tasoglu
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
The Future ◽  
Drug Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printed

Since a three-dimensional (3D) printed drug was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2015, there has been a growing interest in 3D printing for drug manufacturing. There are multiple 3D printing methods – including selective laser sintering, binder deposition, stereolithography, inkjet printing, extrusion-based printing, and fused deposition modeling – which are compatible with printing drug products, in addition to both polymer filaments and hydrogels as materials for drug carriers. We see the adaptability of 3D printing as a revolutionary force in the pharmaceutical industry. Release characteristics of drugs may be controlled by complex 3D printed geometries and architectures. Precise and unique doses can be engineered and fabricated via 3D printing according to individual prescriptions. On-demand printing of drug products can be implemented for drugs with limited shelf life or for patient-specific medications, offering an alternative to traditional compounding pharmacies. For these reasons, 3D printing for drug manufacturing is the future of pharmaceuticals, making personalized medicine possible while also transforming pharmacies.

scholarly journals Dimensional Stability of 3D Printed Objects Made from Plastic Waste Using FDM: Potential Construction Applications

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Essam Zaneldin ◽  
Waleed Ahmed ◽  
Aya Mansour ◽  
Amged El Hassan
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed

Construction projects are often challenged by tight budgets and limited time and resources. Contractors are, therefore, looking for ways to become competitive by improving efficiency and using cost-effective materials. Using three-dimensional (3D) printing for shaping materials to produce cost-effective construction elements is becoming a feasible option to make contractors more competitive locally and globally. The process capabilities for 3D printers and related devices have been tightened in recent years with the booming of 3D printing industries and applications. Contractors are attempting to improve production skills to satisfy firm specifications and standards, while attempting to have costs within competitive ranges. The aim of this research is to investigate and test the production process capability (Cp) of 3D printers using fused deposition modeling (FDM) to manufacture 3D printed parts made from plastic waste for use in the construction of buildings with different infill structures and internal designs to reduce cost. This was accomplished by calculating the actual requirement capabilities of the 3D printers under consideration. The production capabilities and requirements of FDM printers are first examined to develop instructions and assumptions to assist in deciphering the characteristics of the 3D printers that will be used. Possible applications in construction are then presented. As an essential outcome of this study, it was noticed that the 3D printed parts made from plastic waste using FDM printers are less expensive than using traditional lightweight non-load bearing concrete hollow masonry blocks, hourdi slab hollow bocks, and concrete face bricks.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Drug-Eluting Nano-Hydroxylapatite Filled Polycaprolactone Nanocomposites Using Solution-Extrusion 3D Printing Technique

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pang-Yun Chou ◽  
Ying-Chao Chou ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Lai ◽  
Yu-Ting Lin ◽  
Chia-Jung Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Drug Eluting ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
3D Printing Technique ◽  
Moving Speed

Polycaprolactone/nano-hydroxylapatite (PCL/nHA) nanocomposites have found use in tissue engineering and drug delivery owing to their good biocompatibility with these types of applications in addition to their mechanical characteristics. Three-dimensional (3D) printing of PCL/nHA nanocomposites persists as a defiance mostly because of the lack of commercial filaments for the conventional fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. In addition, as the composites are prepared using FDM for the purpose of delivering pharmaceuticals, thermal energy can destroy the embedded drugs and biomolecules. In this report, we investigated 3D printing of PCL/nHA using a lab-developed solution-extrusion printer, which consists of an extrusion feeder, a syringe with a dispensing nozzle, a collection table, and a command port. The effects of distinct printing variables on the mechanical properties of nanocomposites were investigated. Drug-eluting nanocomposite screws were also prepared using solution-extrusion 3D printing. The empirical outcomes suggest that the tensile properties of the 3D-printed PCL/nHA nanocomposites increased with the PCL/nHA-to-dichloromethane (DCM) ratio, fill density, and print orientation but decreased with an increase in the moving speed of the dispensing tip. Furthermore, printed drug-eluting PCL/nHA screws eluted high levels of antimicrobial vancomycin and ceftazidime over a 14-day period. Solution-extrusion 3D printing demonstrated excellent capabilities for fabricating drug-loaded implants for various medical applications.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF 3D PRINTING IN INNOVATED DRUG DELIVERY: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
ZAINAB EASSA JASSIM
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Solid Dosage Forms ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Medical Materials

Increasing requests for modified and personalized pharmaceutics and medical materials makes the implementation of additive manufacturing increased rapidly in recent years. 3D printing has been involved numerous advantages in case of reduction in waste, flexibility in the design, and minimizing the high cost of intended products for bulk production of. Several of 3D printing technologies have been developed to fabricate novel solid dosage forms, including selective laser sintering, binder deposition, stereolithography, inkjet printing, extrusion-based printing, and fused deposition modeling. The selection of 3D printing techniques depends on their compatibility with the printed drug products. This review intent to provide a perspective on the incentives and possible applications of 3D printed pharmaceuticals, besides a practical viewpoint on how 3D printing could be included across the pharmaceutical field.

scholarly journals The Accuracy and the Printing Resolution Comparison of Different 3D Printing Technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Kluska ◽  
Piotr Gruda ◽  
Natalia Majca-Nowak
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Material Texture ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Reference Specimens

Abstract The article presents a research conducted with the project: ‘Additive technology used in conduction with optical methods for rapid prototyping of 3D printed models’ [13]. In this article selected three different 3D printing technologies: Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Material Jetting (MJ). Each of them was tested paying special attention to accuracy and resolution of printed elements. Accuracy tests were conducted on the reference specimens which also showed material texture. These specimens were scanned to verified dimensional deviations of printing methods. Printing resolution was verified on a heat exchanger model which was characterized by complicated structure. The highest accuracy and printing resolution was noticed in the MJ technology, PolyJet method on the Objet Eden 260 VS printing machine and the SUP 707 water soluble support material.

scholarly journals Flexible 3D Printed Conductive Metamaterial Units for Electromagnetic Applications in Microwaves

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3879
Author(s):  
Anna C. Tasolamprou ◽  
Despoina Mentzaki ◽  
Zacharias Viskadourakis ◽  
Eleftherios N. Economou ◽  
Maria Kafesaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

In this work we present a method for fabricating three dimensional, ultralight and flexible millimeter metamaterial units using a commercial household 3D printer. The method is low-cost, fast, eco-friendly and accessible. In particular, we use the Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printing technique and we fabricate flexible conductive Spilt Ring Resonators (SRRs) in a free-standing form. We characterized the samples experimentally through measurements of their spectral transmission, using standard rectangular microwave waveguides. Our findings show that the resonators produce well defined resonant electromagnetic features that depend on the structural details and the infiltrating dielectric materials, indicating that the thin, flexible and light 3D printed structures may be used as electromagnetic microwave components and electromagnetic fabrics for coating a variety of devices and infrastructure units, while adapting to different shapes and sizes.

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