The effect of number of large reward training trials on behavior following incentive reduction

Stephen F. Davis; Alvin J. North

doi:10.3758/bf03328207

Absolute sucrose incentive reduction: Frustration or demotlvation?

Psychonomic Science ◽

10.3758/bf03337404 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 249-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Roberte E. Prytula ◽

William G. Braud

Keyword(s):

Incentive Reduction

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The effect of prior rewarded goal box placements on incentive reduction behavior

Psychonomic Science ◽

10.3758/bf03336345 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 147-148

Author(s):

Stephen F. Davis ◽

Alvin J. North

Keyword(s):

Reduction Behavior ◽

Incentive Reduction

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A Large Reward for a Slight Exertion

Scientific American ◽

10.1038/scientificamerican10171857-45f ◽

1857 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 45-45

Keyword(s):

Large Reward

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Incentive reduction: Varied simultaneous reductions and subsequent responding

Psychonomic Science ◽

10.3758/bf03328208 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 313-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James H. McHose

Keyword(s):

Incentive Reduction

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Effects of early life and current housing on sensitivity to reward loss in a successive negative contrast test in pigs

Animal Cognition ◽

10.1007/s10071-019-01322-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 121-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. Luo ◽

I. Reimert ◽

E. A. M. Graat ◽

S. Smeets ◽

B. Kemp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Life ◽

Large Reward ◽

Small Reward ◽

Affective State ◽

Negative Contrast ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Housing Conditions ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Sensitivity To Reward ◽

Successive Negative Contrast

Abstract Animals in a negative affective state seem to be more sensitive to reward loss, i.e. an unexpected decrease in reward size. The aim of this study was to investigate whether early-life and current enriched vs. barren housing conditions affect the sensitivity to reward loss in pigs using a successive negative contrast test. Pigs (n = 64 from 32 pens) were housed in barren or enriched conditions from birth onwards, and at 7 weeks of age experienced either a switch in housing conditions (from barren to enriched or vice versa) or not. Allotting pigs to the different treatments was balanced for coping style (proactive vs. reactive). One pig per pen was trained to run for a large reward and one for a small reward. Reward loss was introduced for pigs receiving the large reward after 11 days (reward downshift), i.e. from then onwards, they received the small reward. Pigs housed in barren conditions throughout life generally had a lower probability and higher latency to get the reward than other pigs. Proactive pigs ran overall slower than reactive pigs. After the reward downshift, all pigs ran slower. Nevertheless, reward downshift increased the latency and reduced the probability to get to the reward, but only in pigs exposed to barren conditions in early life, which thus were more sensitive to reward loss than pigs from enriched early life housing. In conclusion, barren housed pigs seemed overall less motivated for the reward, and early life housing conditions had long-term effects on the sensitivity to reward loss.

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Overt attentional capture by reward-related stimuli overcomes inhibitory suppression

10.31234/osf.io/db9hg ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Pearson ◽

Poppy Watson ◽

Phillip Cheng ◽

Mike Le Pelley

Keyword(s):

Large Reward ◽

Search Task ◽

Visual Search Task ◽

Small Reward ◽

Eye Gaze ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Target Template ◽

Irrelevant Distractors ◽

Separate Line ◽

Special Priority

Salient-but-irrelevant distractors can automatically capture attention and eye-gaze in visualsearch. However, recent findings have suggested that attention to salient-but-irrelevant stimulican be suppressed when observers use a specific target template to guide their search (i.e.,feature search). A separate line of research has indicated that attentional selection isinfluenced by factors other than the physical salience of a stimulus and the observer’s goals.For instance, pairing a stimulus with reward has been shown to increase the extent to which itcaptures attention and gaze (as though it has become more physically salient), even when suchcapture has negative consequences for the observer. Here we used eye-tracking with arewarded visual search task to investigate whether capture by reward can be suppressed in thesame way as capture by physical salience. When participants were encouraged to use featuresearch, attention to a distractor paired with relatively small reward was suppressed. However,under the same conditions attention was captured by a distractor paired with large reward,even when such capture resulted in reward omission. These findings suggest thatreward-related stimuli are given special priority within the visual attention system over andabove physically-salient stimuli, and have implications for our understanding of real-worldbiases to reward-related stimuli, such as those seen in addiction.

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Effect of Varied Magnitude of Reward on Runway Performance

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1964.14.1.199 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 199-202

Author(s):

Douglas L. Grimsley ◽

Robert D. McDonald

Keyword(s):

Large Reward ◽

Small Reward ◽

Runway Performance ◽

Continuous Reinforcement ◽

Reward Group ◽

Varied Reinforcement

Runway speed was investigated in 3 groups of water-deprived rats ( n = 14 per group) given one trial per day for 100 days. No statistically significant differences were found between Ss continuously receiving 0.8 cc (large reward group) or 0.1 cc (small reward group) of water and those given 0.8 cc and 0.1 cc (varied reward group) semirandomly. These data are not consistent with a position derived from a micromolar theory holding that continuous reinforcement training results in better performance than varied reinforcement training.

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