scholarly journals The ability of familiarity, disruption, and the relative strength of nonenvironmental context cues to explain unreliable environmental-context-dependent memory effects in free recall

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1419-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Memory Effects ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Context Cues

Memorial Consequences of Environmental Context Change in Children and Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alp Aslan ◽  
Anuscheh Samenieh ◽  
Tobias Staudigl ◽  
Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Context Change ◽  
Context Dependent

Changing environmental context during encoding can influence episodic memory. This study examined the memorial consequences of environmental context change in children. Kindergartners, first and fourth graders, and young adults studied two lists of items, either in the same room (no context change) or in two different rooms (context change), and subsequently were tested on the two lists in the room in which the second list was encoded. As expected, in adults, the context change impaired recall of the first list and improved recall of the second. Whereas fourth graders showed the same pattern of results as adults, in both kindergartners and first graders no memorial effects of the context change arose. The results indicate that the two effects of environmental context change develop contemporaneously over middle childhood and reach maturity at the end of the elementary school days. The findings are discussed in light of both retrieval-based and encoding-based accounts of context-dependent memory.

scholarly journals A Geometric Framework for Understanding Dynamic Information Integration in Context-Dependent Computation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohan Zhang ◽  
Shenquan Liu ◽  
Zhe Sage Chen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Population Coding ◽  
Geometric Framework ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Activity State ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Context Cues

AbstractPrefrontal cortex plays a prominent role in performing flexible cognitive functions and working memory, yet the underlying computational principle remains poorly understood. Here we trained a rate-based recurrent neural network (RNN) to explore how the context rules are encoded, maintained across seconds-long mnemonic delay, and subsequently used in a context-dependent decision-making task. The trained networks emerged key experimentally observed features in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rodent and monkey experiments, such as mixed-selectivity, sparse representations, neuronal sequential activity and rotation dynamics. To uncover the high-dimensional neural dynamical system, we further proposed a geometric framework to quantify and visualize population coding and sensory integration in a temporally-defined manner. We employed dynamic epoch-wise principal component analysis (PCA) to define multiple task-specific subspaces and task-related axes, and computed the angles between task-related axes and these subspaces. In low-dimensional neural representations, the trained RNN first encoded the context cues in a cue-specific subspace, and then maintained the cue information with a stable low-activity state persisting during the delay epoch, and further formed line attractors for sensor integration through low-dimensional neural trajectories to guide decision making. We demonstrated via intensive computer simulations that the geometric manifolds encoding the context information were robust to varying degrees of weight perturbation in both space and time. Overall, our analysis framework provides clear geometric interpretations and quantification of information coding, maintenance and integration, yielding new insight into the computational mechanisms of context-dependent computation.

No environmental context-dependent effect, but interference, of physical activity on object location memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra G. Hammond ◽  
Erin M. Murphy ◽  
Brian M. Silverman ◽  
Ronan S. Bernas ◽  
Daniele Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Location Memory ◽  
Object Location Memory ◽  
Context Dependent

scholarly journals Influences of environmental context on the recency effect in free recall

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Isarida ◽  
Toshiko K. Isarida
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Recency Effect

scholarly journals Shallow input processing does not induce environmental context-dependent recognition

1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Smith ◽  
Edward Vela ◽  
John E. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Context ◽  
Input Processing ◽  
Context Dependent

The Effects of Amount of Processing on Recall and Recognition

1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Richard Hanley ◽  
Peter Morris
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Incidental Memory ◽  
Context Cues

Johnson-Laird, Gibbs and de Mowbray (1978) and Ross (1981) have argued that amount of processing, as indexed by the overall number of decisions a subject makes, provides a good predictor of incidental memory performance. Conversely, McClelland, Rawles and Sinclair (1981) have provided evidence that it is normally the number of positive decisions rather than the overall number of decisions per se that determines level of recall. The present study replicated and extended the findings of McClelland and his colleagues. In free recall (Experiment 1 and 3), cued recall (Experiment 3) and recognition in the presence or absence of context cues (Experiments 2 and 3), an account based on number of positive decisions provided by far the better explanation. Experiment 3 also revealed that the experimental manipulations had a somewhat greater effect on recall than recognition. This is explained in terms of Tulving and Pearlstone's (1966) distinction between availability and accessibility. It is suggested that words associated with negative decisions are not only less accessible in memory, there are also fewer of them available for recall and recognition.

scholarly journals Context-dependent memory effects in two immersive virtual reality environments: On Mars and underwater

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon Soon Shin ◽  
Rolando Masís-Obando ◽  
Neggin Keshavarzian ◽  
Riya Dáve ◽  
Kenneth A. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Original Learning ◽  
Memory Effects ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Study Context

AbstractThe context-dependent memory effect, in which memory for an item is better when the retrieval context matches the original learning context, has proved to be difficult to reproduce in a laboratory setting. In an effort to identify a set of features that generate a robust context-dependent memory effect, we developed a paradigm in virtual reality using two semantically distinct virtual contexts: underwater and Mars environments, each with a separate body of knowledge (schema) associated with it. We show that items are better recalled when retrieved in the same context as the study context; we also show that the size of the effect is larger for items deemed context-relevant at encoding, suggesting that context-dependent memory effects may depend on items being integrated into an active schema.

Environmental Context-Dependent Homophone Spelling

1990 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Smith ◽  
Fred R. Heath ◽  
Edward Vela
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Context ◽  
Context Dependent
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