scholarly journals Eye muscle potentiation does not account for adaptation in distance perception based on oculomotor cues

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Wallach ◽  
Peter Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Distance Perception ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Muscle Potentiation

Aftereffects of Sustained Convergence: Some Implications of the Eye Muscle Potentiation Hypothesis

Perception ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Heuer ◽  
Ullrich Lüschow
Keyword(s):  
Test Stimulus ◽  
Distance Perception ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Inspection Period ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Critical Variable ◽  
Muscle Potentiation

Aftereffects of sustained convergence are generally explained as the result of eye muscle potentiation (EMP). Three implications of this hypothesis for aftereffects in distance perception were tested: (i) According to the EMP hypothesis the aftereffects are based on oculomotor distance cues only. The addition of secondary cues during the test period should therefore reduce or eliminate the aftereffects. This expectation was confirmed. (ii) According to the EMP hypothesis the critical variable determining the aftereffect should be the distance of the inspection stimulus from the observer but not from the test stimulus. In confirmation of the expectation the aftereffects of certain inspection stimuli were of the same direction for test stimuli which bounded the range of inspection distances on both sides. (iii) When the aftereffects are based on oculomotor distance cues only, the effect of secondary cues during the test period should remain unchanged when they are present during the inspection period as well. Contrary to this expectation the aftereffects did not depend on the cues available during the test. This suggests that they are based on secondary cues, too, provided they are present during the inspection period.

Adaptation to tilt is not produced by eye-muscle potentiation

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Mikaelian ◽  
D.M. Mikaelian ◽  
E.L. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Muscle Potentiation

The Possible Role of Eye-Muscle Potentiation in Several Forms of Prism Adaptation

Perception ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Ebenholtz
Keyword(s):  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Visual Adaptation ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Eye Muscles ◽  
Visual Distance ◽  
Muscle Potentiation

It is possible to explain a number of observations of visual adaptation to optical rearrangement and other visual effects as examples of the ‘Kohnstamm phenomenon’. This is the tendency for a stressed muscle to remain innervated for a period of time after cessation of the voluntary signal to relax. When this phenomenon operates with respect to eye muscles, it may be referred to as ‘eye-muscle potentiation’. Several studies and their results are presented that demonstrate eye-muscle potentiation effects on apparent visual distance. The implications of these studies for prism adaptation are discussed.

Visually Directed Actions as Indicators of Distance Perception in Real and Virtual Environments

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia S. Sahm ◽  
Sarah H. Creem-Regehr ◽  
William B. Thompson ◽  
Peter Willemsen
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Distance Perception

Accurate distance perception assessed by two triangulation methods

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio S. Fukusima ◽  
Jack M. Loomis ◽  
Jose A. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Distance Perception

Detection and immunomodulation of eye muscle antibodies in Graves' ophthalmopathy

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S12
Author(s):  
G. KAHALY ◽  
R. MONCAYO ◽  
U. BEMETZ ◽  
U. KRAUSE ◽  
J. BEYER
Keyword(s):  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Graves Ophthalmopathy

scholarly journals Prediction of meat quality traits in the abattoir using portable near-infrared spectrometers: heritability of predicted traits and genetic correlations with laboratory-measured traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Savoia ◽  
Andrea Albera ◽  
Alberto Brugiapaglia ◽  
Liliana Di Stasio ◽  
Alessio Cecchinato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Color Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background The possibility of assessing meat quality traits over the meat chain is strongly limited, especially in the context of selective breeding which requires a large number of phenotypes. The main objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of portable infrared spectrometers for phenotyping beef cattle aiming to genetically improving the quality of their meat. Meat quality traits (pH, color, water holding capacity, tenderness) were appraised on rib eye muscle samples of 1,327 Piemontese young bulls using traditional (i.e., reference/gold standard) laboratory analyses; the same traits were also predicted from spectra acquired at the abattoir on the intact muscle surface of the same animals 1 d after slaughtering. Genetic parameters were estimated for both laboratory measures of meat quality traits and their spectra-based predictions. Results The prediction performances of the calibration equations, assessed through external validation, were satisfactory for color traits (R2 from 0.52 to 0.80), low for pH and purge losses (R2 around 0.30), and very poor for cooking losses and tenderness (R2 below 0.20). Except for lightness and purge losses, the heritability estimates of most of the predicted traits were lower than those of the measured traits while the genetic correlations between measured and predicted traits were high (average value 0.81). Conclusions Results showed that NIRS predictions of color traits, pH, and purge losses could be used as indicator traits for the indirect genetic selection of the reference quality phenotypes. Results for cooking losses were less effective, while the NIR predictions of tenderness were affected by a relatively high uncertainty of estimate. Overall, genetic selection of some meat quality traits, whose direct phenotyping is difficult, can benefit of the application of infrared spectrometers technology.

scholarly journals Consumer Perceptions of Meat Redness Were Strongly Influenced by Storage and Display Times

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Maddison T. Corlett ◽  
David W. Pethick ◽  
Khama R. Kelman ◽  
Robin H. Jacob ◽  
Graham E. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Display Time ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Retail Display ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Long Storage

Lamb (n = 79) meat colour was scored by 879 untrained consumers using a scale of 0 (brown) to 100 (red). This consumer colour score (CCS) was obtained on m. longissimus lumborum (loin) and m. semimembranosus (topside), stored for short (5–7 days), medium (33–35 days), and long periods (110–112 days) and a retail display time of up to 4 days. Consumers perceived topside to be less red initially and changed from red to brown more rapidly when stored for the long-storage period (p < 0.01). Whereas, the initial CCS of loin samples were similar across the storage periods (p > 0.05). CCS and the instrument measure oxy/met (reflectance of light at wavelengths 630 nm and 580 nm) had a low correlation coefficient of 0.33 (p < 0.01). The propensity for lamb growth and leanness indicated by sire breeding values for lamb weight, eye muscle depth, eye muscle fat depth, and loin intramuscular fat had varied and inconsistent effects on CCS. Therefore, even the selection on CCS.

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