Precise display time measurement in JavaScript for web-based experiments

Conducting research via the internet is a formidable and ever-increasingly popular option for behavioral scientists. However, it is widely acknowledged that web-browsers are not optimized for research: In particular, the timing of display changes (e.g., a stimulus appearing on the screen), still leaves room for improvement. So far, the typically recommended best (or least worst) timing method has been a single requestAnimationFrame (RAF) JavaScript function call within which one would give the display command and obtain the time of that display change. In our Study 1, we assessed two alternatives: Calling the RAF twice consecutively, or calling the RAF during a continually ongoing independent loop of recursive RAF calls. While the former has shown little or no improvement as compared to single RAF calls, with the latter we significantly and substantially improved overall precision, and achieved practically faultless precision in most practical cases. In Study 2, we reassessed this “RAF loop” timing method with images in combination with three different display methods: We found that the precision remained high when using either visibility or opacity changes – while drawing on a canvas element consistently led to comparatively lower precision. We recommend the “RAF loop” display timing method for improved precision in future studies, and visibility or opacity changes when using image stimuli. We have also shared, in public repositories, the easy-to-use code for this method, exactly as employed in our studies.

Correlation between Imaging Features and Pathological Stages of Primary Lung Tumors Based on Nanocontrast Agents

As one of the conventional methods of lung cancer detection, computed tomography (CT) usually requires the use of contrast agents to enhance the imaging effect. Conventional iodine contrast agents have poor signal-to-noise ratio and are prone to adverse reactions. It is necessary to find more effective and safe contrast agents for CT scans. The gold nanoparticles with secondary electron effect and photoelectric absorption effect can prolong the display time of the patient’s blood circulation after being injected into the patient’s body, which makes the nanocontrast agent a research hotspot in the field of CT imaging. In this study, ultrasmall gold nanoclusters with a diameter of about 5 nm were used as the contrast agent in CT scans. It was found that CT scans based on nanocontrast agents can obtain high-quality lung cancer imaging images, and the patient has no obvious adverse reactions. When observing the CT image, it was found that the stage of lung cancer patients can be clearly distinguished through the CT scan image. When analyzing the consistency of CT imaging and pathological classification, the Kappa value was 0.810, indicating that the two have a high degree of consistency. Therefore, this study believes that the imaging characteristics of primary lung tumors based on nanocontrast agents are highly correlated with their pathological types.

Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) oil in growing rabbit nutrition: effects on meat physicochemical traits, sensory profile and shelf-life

To determine the effect of the replacement of a dietary vegetable oil with the silkworm oil on the rabbit meat quality, two experimental diets were prepared: the control diet (commercial diet with 13 g/kg sunflower oil), and the control diet with total replacement of sunflower oil by silkworm oil (SWO). Rabbits received the control diet from 5 to 7 weeks of age, followed by the two experimental diets until slaughter at 10 weeks of age. Physical traits, proximate composition and sensory evaluation of the hind leg meat were considered. A seven-day shelf-life at retail display of the loin meat evaluated water holding capacity, pH, L*a*b* colour, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) attributed to time and to dietary treatment within time. Experimental diets did not modify any of the considered traits measured on the hind leg meat, with exception of the hind leg weight, heavier in the SWO group (P<0.05). Shelf-life trial showed significant differences for L* and b* colour values of loin meat at day 0 of retail display, with higher values for SWO than control group (P<0.05). However, at day 3 and at day 7 no statistical difference was observed between the dietary groups. These colour differences were not attributable to the meat oxidation as TBARs did not vary neither between treatments, nor among retail display time. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the total dietary replacement of sunflower oil with silkworm oil in fattening rabbits did not modify the physicochemical and sensory traits of the meat, as well as its shelf-life.

Feeding, Muscle and Packaging Effects on Lipid Oxidation and Color of Avileña Negra-Ibérica Beef

In order to increase the economic profitability of Avileña-Negra Ibérica beef production, the inclusion of corn silage in total mixed rations was proposed during the fattening period. Twenty-four Avileña-Negra Ibérica breed entire young bulls were used to evaluate the effects of two feeding systems—concentrate (CON) and corn silage (SIL)—and two packaging systems—vacuum (VAC) and modified atmosphere (MAP)—on the lipid oxidation, color evolution and visual color acceptability of meat throughout display with either oxygen-permeable film (FILM) or modified atmosphere (MAP). Two muscles were assessed: Longissimus thoracis (LT) and Semitendinosus (ST). Meat from SIL-fed animals had higher TBA values than CON-fed animals after 7 days in MAP packaging. Lipid oxidation was prevented more effectively by VAC packaging than MAP. Display time highly influenced lipid oxidation, since oxidation rates were lower with VAC than MAP packaging. After 14 days of display in MAP, the LT from CON was lighter than the ST. Meat discoloration after 7 days of display was significantly different between packaging systems. Vacuum-packaged meat kept the same color throughout the storage time. Visual color acceptability for the LT was higher throughout display than for the ST. Samples from the MAP were well accepted by consumers, especially the meat from the SIL group. Alternatively, feeding with corn silage could be used for this type of animals without affecting important aspects of meat quality.

High speed, complex wavefront shaping using the digital micro-mirror device

Digital micro-mirror devices (DMDs) have been deployed in many optical applications. As compared to spatial light modulators (SLMs), they are characterized by their much faster refresh rates (full-frame refresh rates up to 32 kHz for binary patterns) compared to 120 Hz for most liquid crystal SLMs. DMDs however can only display binary, unipolar patterns and utilize temporal modulation to represent with excellent accuracy multiple gray-levels in display applications. We used the built-in time domain dynamic range representation of the DMD to project 8-bit complex-fields. With this method, we demonstrated 8-bit complex field modulation with a frame time of 38.4 ms (around 0.15 s for the entire complex-field). We performed phase conjugation by compensating the distortions incurred due to propagation through free-space and a scattering medium. For faster modulation speed, an electro-optic modulator was used in synchronization with the DMD in an amplitude modulation mode to create grayscale patterns with frame rate ~ 833 Hz with display time of only 1.2 ms instead of 38.4 ms for time multiplexing gaining a speed up by a factor of 32.

Smart Digital Photo Frame Design

A Digital Photo frame, also known as a digital media frame. It's a device that displays pictures digitally without the use of a computer or printer. Today’s Digital picture frames comes in a number of designs and sizes, as well as with a variety of extra capabilities. The advent of digital picture frames antecedent all computers commence the dawn of projecting memories digitally. Digital photo frames were originally designed to showcase stationary, slide show of images digitally hence they give a professional look to display images in a frame and due to simplicity in the design, it can be used continuously. You can even run a video containing multiple images with a short display time frame.

Accuracy of pedicle localization using a 3D ultrasound navigator on vertebral phantoms for posterior spinal surgery

Severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) requires surgery to halt curve progression. Accurate insertion of pedicle screws is important. This study reports a newly developed 3D ultrasound (3DUS) to localize pedicles intraoperatively and register a pre-op 3D vertebral model to the surface to be displayed for navigation. The objective was to determine speed of the custom 3DUS navigator and accuracy of pedicle probe placement. The developed 3DUS navigator integrated an ultrasound scanner with motion capture cameras. Two adolescent 3D printed spine models T2-T8 and T7-T11 were modified to include pedicle holes with known trajectory and be mounted on a high precision LEGO pegboard in a water bath for imaging. Calibration of the motion cameras and the 3DUS were conducted prior to the study. A total of 27 scans from T3 to T11 vertebrae with 3 individual scans were performed to validate the repeatability. Three accuracy tests that varied vertebral a) orientation, b) position and c) a combination of location and orientation were completed. Based on all experiments, the acquisition-to-display time was 18.9±3.1s. The repeatability of the trajectory error and positional error were 0.5±0.2° and 0.3±0.1mm, respectively. The a) center orientation, b) position and c) orientation/position on trajectory and positional error were for a) 1.4±0.9° and 0.5±0.4mm, b) 1.4±0.8° and 0.3±0.3mm and c) 2.0±0.8° and 0.5±0.5mm, respectively. These results demonstrated that a high precision real-time 3DUS navigator for screw placement in scoliosis surgery is feasible. The next step will study the effect of surrounding soft tissues on navigation accuracy.

Dual OS Smart Mirror Using Raspberry Pi (Allure Mirror)

This paper describes the designing and implementation of a dual operating system wall mirror, called “Allure Mirror”. It is a device that can act as a mirror as well as a dual -OS immersive display which can display time, date, weather, news, can play video (via. YouTube, Prime Video, Netflix, etc.), can do video calls, use social media, check mails, can help in fitness and many more. Voice instructions can be used to communicate with it. The Allure Mirror includes features such as real-time data and information alerts, voice orders, content viewing via LCD display, microphone, and webcam, and more. Voice instructions can be used to communicate with the Allure mirror.

Dolueg: A measurement network’s face

Dolueg is a two-component framework to dynamically display time series. It serves as outreach to other researchers and the local public, educational resource and quality control tool. The first component is a set of Python functions. These create different types of visualisation with meta information about the data in the zoomable, modern SVG format. The second component is a simple but highly customizable website, that groups these figures according to the displayed data. We provide the code in two separate repositories on GitHub for interested parties including more detailed instructions for the installation.

Consumer Perceptions of Meat Redness Were Strongly Influenced by Storage and Display Times

Lamb (n = 79) meat colour was scored by 879 untrained consumers using a scale of 0 (brown) to 100 (red). This consumer colour score (CCS) was obtained on m. longissimus lumborum (loin) and m. semimembranosus (topside), stored for short (5–7 days), medium (33–35 days), and long periods (110–112 days) and a retail display time of up to 4 days. Consumers perceived topside to be less red initially and changed from red to brown more rapidly when stored for the long-storage period (p < 0.01). Whereas, the initial CCS of loin samples were similar across the storage periods (p > 0.05). CCS and the instrument measure oxy/met (reflectance of light at wavelengths 630 nm and 580 nm) had a low correlation coefficient of 0.33 (p < 0.01). The propensity for lamb growth and leanness indicated by sire breeding values for lamb weight, eye muscle depth, eye muscle fat depth, and loin intramuscular fat had varied and inconsistent effects on CCS. Therefore, even the selection on CCS.