scholarly journals Spatial discordance is a sufficient condition for oculomotor adaptation to prisms: Eye muscle potentiation need not be a factor

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Craske ◽  
Martin Crawshaw
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Muscle Potentiation ◽  
Oculomotor Adaptation

Adaptation to tilt is not produced by eye-muscle potentiation

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Mikaelian ◽  
D.M. Mikaelian ◽  
E.L. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Muscle Potentiation

The Possible Role of Eye-Muscle Potentiation in Several Forms of Prism Adaptation

Perception ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Ebenholtz
Keyword(s):  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Visual Adaptation ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Eye Muscles ◽  
Visual Distance ◽  
Muscle Potentiation

It is possible to explain a number of observations of visual adaptation to optical rearrangement and other visual effects as examples of the ‘Kohnstamm phenomenon’. This is the tendency for a stressed muscle to remain innervated for a period of time after cessation of the voluntary signal to relax. When this phenomenon operates with respect to eye muscles, it may be referred to as ‘eye-muscle potentiation’. Several studies and their results are presented that demonstrate eye-muscle potentiation effects on apparent visual distance. The implications of these studies for prism adaptation are discussed.

Aftereffects of Sustained Convergence: Some Implications of the Eye Muscle Potentiation Hypothesis

Perception ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Heuer ◽  
Ullrich Lüschow
Keyword(s):  
Test Stimulus ◽  
Distance Perception ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Inspection Period ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Critical Variable ◽  
Muscle Potentiation

Aftereffects of sustained convergence are generally explained as the result of eye muscle potentiation (EMP). Three implications of this hypothesis for aftereffects in distance perception were tested: (i) According to the EMP hypothesis the aftereffects are based on oculomotor distance cues only. The addition of secondary cues during the test period should therefore reduce or eliminate the aftereffects. This expectation was confirmed. (ii) According to the EMP hypothesis the critical variable determining the aftereffect should be the distance of the inspection stimulus from the observer but not from the test stimulus. In confirmation of the expectation the aftereffects of certain inspection stimuli were of the same direction for test stimuli which bounded the range of inspection distances on both sides. (iii) When the aftereffects are based on oculomotor distance cues only, the effect of secondary cues during the test period should remain unchanged when they are present during the inspection period as well. Contrary to this expectation the aftereffects did not depend on the cues available during the test. This suggests that they are based on secondary cues, too, provided they are present during the inspection period.

The Current Situation in Chemical Stabilization of Biological Materials

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John H. Luft
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Chemical Stabilization ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Radio Telescopes

With information processing devices such as radio telescopes, microscopes or hi-fi systems, the quality of the output often is limited by distortion or noise introduced at the input stage of the device. This analogy can be extended usefully to specimen preparation for the electron microscope; fixation, which initiates the processing sequence, is the single most important step and, unfortunately, is the least well understood. Although there is an abundance of fixation mixtures recommended in the light microscopy literature, osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde are favored for electron microscopy. These fixatives react vigorously with proteins at the molecular level. There is clear evidence for the cross-linking of proteins both by osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde and cross-linking may be a necessary if not sufficient condition to define fixatives as a class.

Detection and immunomodulation of eye muscle antibodies in Graves' ophthalmopathy

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S12
Author(s):  
G. KAHALY ◽  
R. MONCAYO ◽  
U. BEMETZ ◽  
U. KRAUSE ◽  
J. BEYER
Keyword(s):  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Graves Ophthalmopathy
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