scholarly journals Dynamic representations underlying symbolic and nonsymbolic calculation: Evidence from the operational momentum effect

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Knops ◽  
Arnaud Viarouge ◽  
Stanislas Dehaene
Keyword(s):  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Operational Momentum

scholarly journals Operational momentum effect in children with and without developmental dyscalculia

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Kucian ◽  
Fabienne Plangger ◽  
Ruth O'Gorman ◽  
Michael von Aster
Keyword(s):  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Developmental Dyscalculia ◽  
Operational Momentum

scholarly journals A role for attentional reorienting during approximate multiplication and division

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curren Katz ◽  
Hannes Hoesterey ◽  
André Knops
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Incorrect Response ◽  
Number Representation ◽  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Division Problems ◽  
Operational Momentum ◽  
Response Alternatives ◽  
Attentional Shifts ◽  
Fact Retrieval ◽  
Subsequent Target

When asked to estimate the outcome of arithmetic problems, participants overestimate for addition problems and underestimate for subtraction problems, both in symbolic and non-symbolic format. This bias is referred to as operational momentum effect (OM). The attentional shifts account holds that during computation of the outcome participants are propelled too far along a spatial number representation. OM was observed in non-symbolic multiplication and division while being absent in symbolic multiplication and division. Here, we investigate whether (a) the absence of the OM in symbolic multiplication and division was due to the presentation of the correct outcome amongst the response alternatives, putatively triggering verbally mediated fact retrieval, and whether (b) OM is correlated with attentional parameters, as stipulated by the attentional account. Participants were presented with symbolic and non-symbolic multiplication and division problems. Among seven incorrect response alternatives participants selected the most plausible result. Participants were also presented with a Posner task, with valid (70%), invalid (15%) and neutral (15%) cues pointing to the position at which a subsequent target would appear. While no OM was observed in symbolic format, non-symbolic problems were subject to OM. The non-symbolic OM was positively correlated with reorienting after invalid cues. These results provide further evidence for a functional association between spatial attention and approximate arithmetic, as stipulated by the attentional shifts account of OM. They also suggest that the cognitive processes underlying multiplication and division are less prone to spatial biases compared to addition and subtraction, further underlining the involvement of differential cognitive processes.

scholarly journals The Developmental Trajectory of the Operational Momentum Effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Pinheiro-Chagas ◽  
Daniele Didino ◽  
Vitor G. Haase ◽  
Guilherme Wood ◽  
André Knops
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Operational Momentum

scholarly journals Addition goes where the big numbers are: evidence for a reversed operational momentum effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Pinhas ◽  
Samuel Shaki ◽  
Martin H. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Operational Momentum

scholarly journals Perceived Motion and Operational Momentum: How Speed, Distance, and Time Influence Two-Digit Arithmetic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Haman ◽  
Hubert Młodzianowski ◽  
Michał Gołȩbiowski
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Arithmetic Operation ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Representational Momentum ◽  
Number Line ◽  
Mental Number Line ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Operational Momentum

Operational momentum was originally defined as a bias toward underestimating outcomes of subtraction and overestimating outcomes of addition. It was suggested that these estimation biases are due to leftward attentional shift along the mental number-line (spatially organized internal representation of number) in subtraction and rightward shift in addition. This assumes the use of “recycled” mechanisms of spatial attention, including “representational momentum” – a tendency to overestimate future position of a moving object, which compensates for the moving object’s shift during preparation of a reaction. We tested a strong version of this assumption directly, priming two-digit addition and subtraction problems with leftward and rightward motion of varied velocity, as velocity of the tracked object was found to be a factor in determining representational momentum effect size. Operands were subsequently moving across the computer screen, and the participants’ task was to validate an outcome proposed at the end of the event, which was either too low, correct, or too high. We found improved accuracy in detecting too-high outcomes of addition, as well as complex patterns of interactions involving arithmetic operation, outcome option, speed, and direction of motion, in the analysis of reaction times. These results significantly extend previous evidence for the involvement of spatial attention in mental arithmetic, showing movement of the external attention focus as a factor directing internal attention in processing numerical information. As a whole, however, the results are incompatible with expectations derived from the strong analogy between operational and representational momenta. We suggest that the full model may be more complex than simply “moving attention along the mental number-line” as a direct counterpart of attention directed at a moving object.

Operational Momentum in Numerosity Production Judgments of Multi-Digit Number Problems

2011 ◽  
Vol 219 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Lindemann ◽  
Michael D. Tira
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Support ◽  
Number Processing ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Digit Number ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Operational Momentum ◽  
Calculation Task ◽  
Addition And Subtraction ◽  
Random Dot Patterns

The current study demonstrates a numerosity production task and investigates approximate mental calculations with two-digit numbers. Participants were required to produce random dot patterns to indicate the size of two-digit numbers and the results of addition and subtraction problems. The stimuli in the calculation task consisted of problems requiring a carry operation (e.g., 24 + 18) or no-carry problems (e.g., 24 + 53) or zero problems (e.g., 24 + 0). Our analysis revealed that the outcomes of additions were estimated to be larger than the outcomes of subtractions. Interestingly, this judgment bias was present for no-carry and zero problems but not for carry problems. Taken together, the presented data provide empirical support for the presence of an operational momentum effect (OM effect) in multi-digit number arithmetic. These findings and the dissociation of the OM effect for carry and no-carry problems are discussed in the context of recent models on multi-digit number processing.

scholarly journals Response: Commentary: The Developmental Trajectory of the Operational Momentum Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Didino ◽  
Pedro Pinheiro-Chagas ◽  
Guilherme Wood ◽  
André Knops
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Operational Momentum

Are Indian Investors Return Chasers? An Anatomy of their Trading Behavior

GIS Business ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Martin Bernard ◽  
Malabika Deo
Keyword(s):  
Equity Returns ◽  
Trading Behavior ◽  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Momentum Strategy ◽  
Price Momentum ◽  
Momentum Profits ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Monthly Return ◽  
Indian Stock Market

Momentum has remained an unanswered anomaly in finance literature. Researchers have pointed out two arguments, whether the source of prior return anomalies are rational or behavioral. In this paper, we examined return chasing tendency investors and the profitability of probable price momentum strategy in Indian equity market using the monthly return data of equities represented in BSE-500 index encompassing the time period from July 2004 to Jun 2014. Study is an attempt to analyze momentum effect before, during and after the financial crisis of 2007–2009 to check whether investors continue to follow the same strategy during crisis or their behavior undergoes any change. Also study examined the adequacy of rational CAPM models to explain momentum profits. The result evidenced a strong presence of economically and statistically significant momentum profit in Indian stock market equity returns. Therefore return chasing tendency of Indian investors is found to be persistent in the intermediate horizon in Indian context. Closer observation of the results reveals that, Indian investors are winners chasers rather than investor in past losers. Study also confirmed that investors sentiments are volatile according to general market environment and inadequacy of rationalist equilibrium model to explain momentum profits.

Momentum Effect in Stock Market: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Rasheed ◽  
Umar Saood ◽  
Waqar Alam
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Using Data

This study aims to examine the momentum effect presence in selected stocks of Pakistan stock market using data from Jan 2007 to Dec 2016. This study constructed the strategies includes docile, equal weighted and full rebalancing techniques. Data was extracted from the PSX – 100 index ranging from 2007 to 2016. STATA coding ASM software was used for calculating momentum portfolios, finally top 25 stocks were considered as a winner stocks and bottom 25 stocks were taken as a loser stocks. In conclusion, the results of the study found a strong momentum effect in Pakistan stock exchange PSX 100- index. As by results it has been observed that a substantial profit can earn by the investors or brokers in constructing a portfolio with a short formation period of three months and hold for 3, 6 and 12 months. There is hardly a study is present on the same topic on Pakistan Stock Exchange as preceding studies were only conducted on individual stock markets before merger of stock markets in Pakistan while this study leads the explanation of momentum phenomenon in new dimension i.e. Pakistan Stock Exchange. Keywords: Momentum, Portfolio, Winner Stocks, Loser Stocks

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