scholarly journals Differential response to seed burial depth on seedling emergence of four Avena fatua L. populations in western Ibaraki, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Motoaki Asai
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Seed Burial

scholarly journals The value of trophic interactions for ecosystem function: dung beetle communities influence seed burial and seedling recruitment in tropical forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1844) ◽  
pp. 20161634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Griffiths ◽  
Richard D. Bardgett ◽  
Julio Louzada ◽  
Jos Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Emergence Success

Anthropogenic activities are causing species extinctions, raising concerns about the consequences of changing biological communities for ecosystem functioning. To address this, we investigated how dung beetle communities influence seed burial and seedling recruitment in the Brazilian Amazon. First, we conducted a burial and retrieval experiment using seed mimics. We found that dung beetle biomass had a stronger positive effect on the burial of large than small beads, suggesting that anthropogenic reductions in large-bodied beetles will have the greatest effect on the secondary dispersal of large-seeded plant species. Second, we established mesocosm experiments in which dung beetle communities buried Myrciaria dubia seeds to examine plant emergence and survival. Contrary to expectations, we found that beetle diversity and biomass negatively influenced seedling emergence, but positively affected the survival of seedlings that emerged. Finally, we conducted germination trials to establish the optimum burial depth of experimental seeds, revealing a negative relationship between burial depth and seedling emergence success. Our results provide novel evidence that seed burial by dung beetles may be detrimental for the emergence of some seed species. However, we also detected positive impacts of beetle activity on seedling recruitment, which are probably because of their influence on soil properties. Overall, this study provides new evidence that anthropogenic impacts on dung beetle communities could influence the structure of tropical forests; in particular, their capacity to regenerate and continue to provide valuable functions and services.

scholarly journals Germination ecology of Rhynchosia capitata: an emerging summer weed in Asia

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Ali ◽  
A. Tanveer ◽  
M.A. Nadeem ◽  
H.N. Asghar ◽  
M.M. Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One

Rhynchosia capitata is becoming an increasing problem in summer crops, such as cotton, soybean, pearl millet and mungbean in many Asian countries. Laboratory and greenhouse studies have been conducted to determine the effects of several environmental factors on seed germination patterns and seedling emergence of R. capitata. We investigated whether the diverse ecological factors such as temperature, light, salinity, moisture stress, pH, and soil depth affected germination and seedling emergence of R. capitata. Germination increased as temperature increased from 25ºC and significantly reduced at 45ºC. Presence or absence of light did not influence germination. Germination of R. capitata was sensitive to increased salt and moisture stress, as well as to seed burial depth. Only 48% of seeds germinated at 150 mM salt concentration compared to 100% in control (distilled water). Similarly, 15% of seeds germinated at an osmotic potential of ‑0.8 MPa compared to 88% at ‑0.2 MPa. The optimum pH for seed germination of R. capitata was 7 (98% germination), but the seeds also germinated at lower level of pH 5 (85%) and at higher level of pH 10 (75%). In seed burial trial, maximum seedling emergence of 93% occurred at 2 cm depth, and seedling did not emerge from a depth of 12 cm. The high germination ability of R. capitata under a wide range of ecological factors suggests that this species is likely to be the one to cause more problems in a near future, if not managed appropriately.

Seed germination and seedling emergence of three Artemisia species (Asteraceae) inhabiting desert sand dunes in China

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Tobe ◽  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Kenji Omasa
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Desert Sand ◽  
Light Fluence ◽  
Artemisia Species

Artemisia ordosica,A. arenariaandA. sphaerocephalaare semi-shrubs inhabiting desert sand dunes in China and often used to rehabilitate desertified areas. Improvement of dune rehabilitation success by sowing requires better understanding of the processes involved in the control of seed germination and seedling emergence in these species. Thus, (1) effects of temperature, light and osmotica (polyethylene glycol-6000) on seed germination, and (2) effects of seed burial depth in sand and irrigation regime on seedling emergence, were studied under controlled conditions. Seeds of the three species required light for germination, and the light fluence needed for germination was dependent on temperature. Seedling emergence of the three species was maximal (70–94%) for seeds sown at a depth of 2.5 mm, and decreased with increasing seed burial depth when the pots were initially and subsequently treated with 16 mm and 3 mm irrigation at 1-d intervals. However, when the pots were initially and subsequently treated with 8 mm and 3 mm irrigation at 2-d intervals, seedling emergence was almost completely suppressed due to water deficiency in sand. It is suggested that the probability of seed germination and seedling emergence of the three species in the field is very limited, because the light requirement restricts seed germination to shallow sand layers where water is lost rapidly due to evaporation. Temperature appeared to have secondary effects on seed germination, by modifying the light sensitivity of seeds.

scholarly journals The impact of seed burial depths and post-emergence herbicides on seedling emergence and biomass production of wild oat (Avena fatua L.): Implications for management

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0240944
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool ◽  
Shazia Naz ◽  
Tasneem Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Nisar ◽  
Hassan Mehmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
The Impact

A Laboratory Exercise for Teaching Depth of Weed Emergence Concepts

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance Gibson ◽  
Matt Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
State University ◽  
Iowa State University ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Laboratory Exercise ◽  
Science Courses ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes

The influence of weed seed burial depth on seedling emergence is a common and important topic in undergraduate weed science courses. A laboratory exercise was developed at Iowa State University to actively demonstrate changes in weed seedling emergence with increased seed-burial depth. Twenty-five ivyleaf morningglory and wild mustard seeds were sown in pots in monoculture, and the number of emerging seedlings was counted for 3 wk. The results from two semesters were analyzed to determine whether the experiment was successful in meeting its intended outcomes. Assessment of student perceptions and attitudes indicated that the activity increased students' understanding of weed biology; improved students' critical thinking, reading, and writing skills; and improved students' ability to make scientific observations, interpret graphical information, and analyze and summarize research data.

Effect of Depth and Duration of Seed Burial on Kochia (Kochia scoparia)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Zorner ◽  
Robert L. Zimdahl ◽  
Edward E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Seed Persistence ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Viability Loss ◽  
Seed Loss

Dormant and nondormant kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad. ♯3KCHSC] seed populations were buried at six soil depths in Colorado. Portions of both populations remained viable for 36 months. Persistence increased with burial depth in both populations. Seed loss from the initially dormant population was limited to germination in situ, but seed loss from the initially nondormant population included significant viability loss at burial depths of 10 cm or less. Persistence of both populations was regulated by dormancy retention. Shallow tillage practices are predicted to decrease seed persistence in soil and increase successful seedling emergence. Deep tillage practices are predicted to reduce seedling emergence but increase soil seed populations.

scholarly journals Seed Burial Depth and Soil Water Content Affect Seedling Emergence and Growth of Ulmus pumila var. sabulosa in the Horqin Sandy Land

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Tang ◽  
Carlos Busso ◽  
Deming Jiang ◽  
Yongcui Wang ◽  
Dafu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Horqin Sandy Land ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Ulmus Pumila ◽  
Seed Burial

Effects of irrigation on seedling emergence and seedling survival of a desert shrub Haloxylon ammodendron (Chenopodiaceae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Tobe ◽  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
Kenji Omasa
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Haloxylon Ammodendron ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Desert Sand

Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A. Mey) Bunge (Chenopodiaceae) is a shrub occurring on desert sand dunes in China. Seedling emergence and seedling survival were investigated by sowing seeds at different depths (0, 2.5, 5.0 or 10 mm) in fine or coarse sand in pots irrigated under different regimes. Seed burial in sand was required for seedling establishment of this species. Seedling emergence depended greatly on seed burial depth, sand type, and irrigation regime; this appeared to be due to (1) seeds or seedlings suffering from oxygen or moisture deficiency depending on the air : moisture ratio in sand, and/or (2) higher moisture content in sand resulting in hardening of the sand and obstruction of seedling growth. Increased irrigation resulted in longer survival of emerging seedlings because sand was moistened more deeply, and moisture in deeper sand persisted longer. The results suggest that the infrequent and light precipitation common in desert environments is likely to cause germination of many of the buried seeds, but is insufficient for emerging seedlings to survive. It is suggested that water from melting snow in early spring is crucial in enabling seedling establishment of this species in the deserts of China.

Germination of Fresh Horse Purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) Seeds in Response to Different Environmental Factors

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihyun Lee ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
David E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Two Populations

Horse purslane, a C4 species, is a branched, prostrate, and annual weed of upland field crops throughout the tropics. Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of various environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of two populations of horse purslane. Seeds were collected from rice fields of the International Rice Research Institute (the IR population) and from sorghum fields of the University of the Philippines (the UP population); the two sites were 5 km apart in Los Baños, Philippines. Germination response of both populations was greater at 30/20 C and35/25 C day/night temperatures than they were at 25/15 C alternating day/night temperatures. Germination of both populations was greater in the light/dark regime than in darkness. In dark, depending on the temperature, seed germination of the UP population ranged from 37 to 62%, whereas seed germination of the IR population was < 20%. Exposure to 5 min at 117 and 119 C for the IR and UP populations, respectively, reduced germination to 50% of maximum germination. Osmotic potential of −0.26 MPa inhibited germination to 50% of the maximum for the UP population, whereas the corresponding value for the IR population was −0.37 MPa. Seeds placed on or near the soil surface had maximum emergence, and emergence declined with increase in seed burial depth. Seedling emergence of the UP and IR populations was 74% and 13%, respectively, for seeds placed on the soil surface. For both populations, no seedlings emerged from a soil burial depth of 6 cm or more. Germination and emergence responses to light and seed burial depth differed between the two populations of horse purslane. Residues on the soil surface of up to 6 Mg ha−1 did not influence seedling emergence of either populations. Knowledge gained in this study could contribute to developing components of integrated weed management strategies for horse purslane.

Weedy rice (Oryza sativa) II. Response of Weedy Rice to Seed Burial and Flooding Depth

Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Rice Accession ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Flooding Depth

Weedy rice is a serious problem of cultivated rice in most of the rice-growing areas in Asia, causing increased production costs and yield losses in rice. A study was conducted to determine the response of weedy rice accessions from India (IWR), Malaysia (MWR), Thailand (TWR), and Vietnam (VWR) to seed burial and flooding depths. The greatest emergence for each weedy rice accession (97% for IWR, 82% for MWR, 97% for TWR, and 94% for VWR) was observed in seeds placed on the soil surface. Seedling emergence decreased with increase in burial depth. For the IWR accession, 0.5% of the seedlings emerged from 8-cm depth, whereas for the other three weedy rice accessions, no seedlings emerged from this depth. When seeds were sown on the soil surface, flooding depth ranging from 0 to 8 cm had no or very little effect on seedling emergence of different weedy rice accessions. On the other hand, flooding decreased seedling emergence in all weedy rice accessions when seeds were sown at 1 cm deep into the soil. Compared with seedling emergence, flooding had a more pronounced effect on seedling biomass for all weedy rice accessions. A flooding depth of 2 cm reduced seedling biomass by an amount greater than 85% of each weedy rice accession. The results of this study suggest that emergence and growth of weedy rice could be suppressed by deep tillage that buries seeds below their maximum depth of emergence (i.e., > 8 cm for the accessions studied) and by flooding fields as early as possible. The information gained from this study may help design cultural management strategies for weedy rice in Asia.

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