scholarly journals The impact of seed burial depths and post-emergence herbicides on seedling emergence and biomass production of wild oat (Avena fatua L.): Implications for management

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0240944
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool ◽  
Shazia Naz ◽  
Tasneem Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Nisar ◽  
Hassan Mehmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
The Impact

Modeling site-specific wild oat (Avena fatua) emergence across a variable landscape

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Page ◽  
Robert S. Gallagher ◽  
Armen R. Kemanian ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
E. Patrick Fuerst
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
The Impact

The spatial and temporal pattern of wild oat emergence in eastern Washington is affected by the steep, rolling hills that dominate this landscape. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of landscape position and crop residue on the emergence phenology of wild oat. Emergence of a natural wild oat infestation was characterized over two growing seasons (2003 and 2004), at two wheat residue levels (0 and 500 g m−2), and at five landscape positions differing in slope, aspect, and elevation in a no-till winter wheat field. Wild oat emerged 1 to 2 wk earlier at south-facing landscape positions than at north-facing landscape positions. Crop residue delayed wild oat emergence by 7 to 13 d relative to bare soil at south-facing positions in 2003 and had a reduced effect on emergence at north-facing landscape positions. Therefore, preserving surface residues tended to synchronize emergence across the landscape and may facilitate better timing of weed control where residue is present. Emergence of wild oat was modeled as a function of thermal time adjusted by water potential using a Weibull function. Temperature explained more variation in the model than water potential. This model explained much of the variability in wild oat emergence among landscape positions over these 2 yr and may be useful as a tool to predict the timing of wild oat emergence. Results also indicate that site-specific modeling is a plausible approach to improving prediction of weed seedling emergence.

Competitiveness of Canada prairie spring wheats with wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1089-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Kirkland ◽  
J. H. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Actual Yield

Three spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (Neepawa, a hard red spring, and HY320 and HY355 both Canada Prairie Spring wheats) were subjected to four levels of wild oat density at two locations over 4 yr to assess the effects of wild oat competition on biomass production, culm formation and yield. Wheat biomass and culm production were reduced at all wild oat density levels in each of the three cultivars. There were no significant differences among cultivars. In general, yields of all cultivars were reduced as wild oat density levels increased. Actual yield reductions at comparable wild oat densities tended to be greater at Regina than at Scott. There was a significant cultivar-by-density interaction for yield with yield reductions in HY320 > HY355 > Neepawa. Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat (spring), wild oat density, competition, plant biomass, culms

Variability for Response to Herbicides in Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Populations

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiet M. Thai ◽  
Sakti Jana ◽  
James M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Environment Chamber

Reaction of some wild oat (Avena fatuaL. ♯4AVEFA) populations to the herbicide triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl)diisopropylthiocarbamate] was investigated in a controlled-environment chamber. Under specified conditions, 1.0 mg active ingredient of triallate incorporated in 1 kg of soil was a satisfactory diagnostic rate for 14-day-old seedlings. Five seedling growth parameters were studied. These parameters were emergence, survival to produce first leaf, mesocotyl length, first-leaf length, and seedling height. Of these, mesocotyl length was least affected by triallate treatment, and significant differences in variability for triallate reaction were found within and among historically triallate unexposed, as well as exposed populations. Within-population variation for seedling emergence and survival was higher in unexposed than in exposed populations. Populations with recurrent exposure to triallate were more tolerant to the herbicide under experimental conditions than historically unexposed populations. Triallate-tolerant lines were identified which were tolerant to two other common wild oat herbicides.

Barban Selectivity for Wild Oat in Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Neidermyer ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wild Oats

The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate) was studied as influenced by plant morphology and air temperature after application. Growth of wheat and wild oat seedlings was reduced by barban at 0.3 μg and 0.6 μg applied to the first node, respectively. Barban application to the base and midpoint of the first leaf blade required a lower dose to reduce wild oat growth than wheat growth. Increased tillering occurred from barban injury to the main culm in wheat. Wheat and wild oat susceptibility to barban increased as the post-treatment temperature decreased from 32 to 10 C. Barban selectivity for wild oats in wheat was greater at 27 and 21 C than at 16 and 10 C.

Influence of chaff and chaff lines on weed seed survival and seedling emergence in Australian cropping systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Michael J. Walsh ◽  
Annie E. Rayner ◽  
Annie Rutledge ◽  
John C. Broster
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Seed Survival ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass

Abstract Chaff lining and chaff tramlining are harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems that involve the concentration of weed seed containing chaff material into narrow (20 to 30 cm) rows between or on the harvester wheel tracks during harvest. These lines of chaff are left intact in the fields through subsequent cropping seasons in the assumption that the chaff environment is unfavourable for weed seed survival. The chaff row environment effect on weed seed survival was examined in field studies, while chaff response studies determined the influence of increasing amounts of chaff on weed seedling emergence. The objectives of these studies were to determine 1) the influence of chaff lines on the summer-autumn seed survival of selected weed species; and 2) the influence of chaff type and amount on rigid ryegrass seedling emergence. There was frequently no difference (P>0.05) in survival of seed of four weed species (rigid ryegrass, wild oat, annual sowthistle and turnip weed) when these seed were placed beneath or beside chaff lines. There was one instance where wild oat seed survival was increased (P<0.05) when seed were placed beneath compared to beside a chaff line. The pot studies determined that increasing amounts of chaff consistently resulted in decreasing numbers of rigid ryegrass seedlings emerging through chaff material. The suppression of emergence broadly followed a linear relationship where there was approximately a 2.0% reduction in emergence with every 1.0 t ha-1 increase in chaff material. This relationship was consistent across wheat, barley, canola and lupin chaff types, indicating that the physical presence of the chaff was more important than chaff type. These studies indicated that chaff lines may not affect the over summer-autumn survival of the contained weed seeds but the subsequent emergence of weed seedlings will be restricted by high amounts of chaff (>40 t ha-1).

Can repeated soil amendment with biogas digestates increase soil suppressiveness toward non-specific soil-borne pathogens in agricultural lands?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
L. M. Manici ◽  
F. Caputo ◽  
G. A. Cappelli ◽  
E. Ceotto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Biomass Production

Abstract Soil suppressiveness which is the natural ability of soil to support optimal plant growth and health is the resultant of multiple soil microbial components; which implies many difficulties when estimating this soil condition. Microbial benefits for plant health from repeated digestate applications were assessed in three experimental sites surrounding anaerobic biogas plants in an intensively cultivated area of northern Italy. A 2-yr trial was performed in 2017 and 2018 by performing an in-pot plant growth assay, using soil samples taken from two fields for each experimental site, of which one had been repeatedly amended with anaerobic biogas digestate and the other had not. These fields were similar in management and crop sequences (maize was the recurrent crop) for the last 10 yr. Plant growth response in the bioassay was expressed as plant biomass production, root colonization frequency by soil-borne fungi were estimated to evaluate the impact of soil-borne pathogens on plant growth, abundance of Pseudomonas and actinomycetes populations in rhizosphere were estimated as beneficial soil microbial indicators. Repeated soil amendment with digestate increased significantly soil capacity to support plant biomass production as compared to unamended control in both the years. Findings supported evidence that this increase was principally attributable to a higher natural ability of digestate-amended soils to reduce root infection by saprophytic soil-borne pathogens whose inoculum was increased by the recurrent maize cultivation. Pseudomonas and actinomycetes were always more abundant in digestate-amended soils suggesting that both these large bacterial groups were involved in the increase of their natural capacity to control soil-borne pathogens (soil suppressiveness).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document