Effect of agronomic factors on invert sugar accumulation in sugar beet

2016 ◽  
pp. 765-769
Author(s):  
Martijn Leijdekkers
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Substantial Impact

Since 2013, the glucose content of all beet samples from beet reception and field trials is routinely analyzed in The Netherlands using a biosensor which is integrated into the automatic beet laboratory system. The invert sugar content is subsequently calculated from the glucose content using a linear conversion factor. This additional information helps to identify beet deliveries with a questionable beet quality at an early stage and provides valuable information on various agronomic factors that increase invert sugar accumulation in the beet. Based on results obtained during the past years, different factors are highlighted that affect the invert sugar content in the beet. Among these factors, beet deterioration following frost damage and the presence of root rot due to infestation by pests and diseases have shown to increase the invert sugar content dramatically. In addition, unfavorable storage conditions and bad harvesting quality had a substantial impact on invert sugar accumulation. Growth conditions and beet variety also influenced the invert sugar content markedly, although to a much lesser extent. Using the obtained data, the most important control measures that enable growers to prevent undesired invert sugar formation and consequent sugar losses in their beet are discussed.

Susceptibility to root tip breakage increases storage losses of sugar beet genotypes

2016 ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann ◽  
Katharina Schnepel
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Sugar Loss

Good storability of sugar beet is of increasing importance, not only to reduce sugar losses, but also with regard to maintaining the processing quality. Genotypic differences are found in storage losses. However, it is not clear to which extent damage may contribute to the genotypic response. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of root tip breakage on storage losses of different genotypes. For that purpose, in 2012 and 2013, six sugar beet genotypes were grown in field trials at two locations. After lifting roots were damaged with a cleaning device. They were stored for 8 and 12 weeks, either under controlled conditions in a climate container at constant 8°C, or under ambient temperature in an outdoor clamp. The close correlation underlines that storage losses under controlled conditions (constant temperature) can well be transferred to conditions in practice with fluctuating temperature. The strongest impact on invert sugar accumulation and sugar loss after storage resulted from storage time, followed by damage and growing environment (year × growing site). Cleaning reduced soil tare but increased root tip breakage, in particular for genotypes with low marc content. During storage, pathogen infestation and invert sugar content of the genotypes increased with root tip breakage, but the level differed between growing environments. Sugar loss was closely related to invert sugar accumulation for all treatments, genotypes and environments. Hence, it can be concluded that root tip breakage contributes considerably to storage losses of sugar beet genotypes, and evidently genotypes show a different susceptibility to root tip breakage which is related to their marc content. For long-term storage it is therefore of particular importance to avoid damage during the harvest operations and furthermore, to have genotypes with high storability and low susceptibility to damage.

Development of the sugar beet quality in the Netherlands since 1980 and introduction of invert sugar as a new parameter for beet quality assessment

2015 ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk P. Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Thick Juice ◽  
Trial Phase

The technological beet quality has been always important for the processors of sugar beet. An investigation into the development of the beet quality in the Netherlands since 1980 has shown that beet quality has improved significantly. Internal quality parameters that are traditionally determined in the beet laboratory, i.e. sugar content, Na, K and -aminoN, all show an improving trend over the years. In the factories, better beet quality has led to lower lime consumption in the juice purification and significantly higher thick juice purity. In 2013, Suiker Unie introduced the serial analysis of the glucose content in beet brei as part of the routine quality assessment of the beet. The invert sugar content is subsequently calculated from glucose content with a new correlation. The background, the trial phase and the first experiences with the glucose analyzer are discussed.

scholarly journals Transgene coding of a key enzyme of the glycolytic pathway helps to decrease sugar content in potato tubers

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Navrátil ◽  
P. Bucher ◽  
J. Vacek
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Parental Genotype ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Key Enzyme

Cold-stored potato tubers gradually accumulate reducing sugars. A proposed reason is a cold-induced blocking of glycolysis. The introduction and expression of the bacterial gene Lbpfk coding for cold-tolerant phosphofructokinase might counteract this effect. We have recently introduced this gene into several Czech potato cultivars. The obtained transgenic lines were then tested for three years in field trials. In 17 transgenic lines derived from two of the cultivars we have investigated the accumulation of reducing sugars during two and four months of cold storage. Although in all transgenic lines the sugar content still increased between the 2<sup>nd</sup> and the 4<sup>th</sup> month of cold-storage, the level of reducing sugars was in all transgenic lines after both two and four months of cold storage considerably lower than in the original cultivars. The extent of sugar accumulation was also influenced by the parental genotype. No significant differences in sugar accumulation were observed between the transgenic lines from the same parent.&nbsp;

scholarly journals Research on Phenotyping and Eno-Carpological Traits of Twenty-Three New Romanian Table Grape Varieties (Vitis Vinifera L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-275
Author(s):  
Georgeta Mihaela Bucur ◽  
Liviu Dejeu
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Absolute Minimum ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Grape Yield

Abstract Twenty-three new Romanian table grapes varieties were analysed for their phenological behaviour, quantitative characteristics (bunch weight, berry weight, their length and width, grape yield), sugar accumulation, titratable acidity, and ºBrix / acid ratio during three consecutive years (2015-2017). The higher temperatures recorded during the study period determined an advance in the development of the main phenophases, especially the grapes’ harvest maturity. Absolute minimum temperatures during winter, damaging the vine, have significantly affected grape yield. As a consequence of earlier phenology and lower yields due to frost damage, harvest was advanced between 2 and 4 weeks than the average. The results obtained in this study favoured five remarkable genotypes for their very good quality of grape (‘Victoria’, ‘Tamina’, ‘Xenia’, ‘Napoca’ and ‘Augusta’). These varieties are distinguished by the highest values for bunch and berry weight (between 300-500 g and 5.5-8.4 g, respectively), berries’ size uniformity, the sugar content between 15.45-21.53 ºBrix and balanced ºBrix / acid ratio. Lately, the high temperatures during the grape maturation period have led to increased accumulations of sugar in berries, to reduced acidity, which affects the sugar-acidity balance; a more careful choice of grape harvest time is needed.

Calculation of invert sugar content based on the glucose content of sugar beet

2013 ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schnepel ◽  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Sample Frequency ◽  
And Storage

During storage, the invert sugar content of sugar beets increases with increasing storage period and storage temperature, thereby decreasing the processing quality of the beets substantially. Invert sugar results from the enzymatic degradation of sucrose to glucose and fructose. The current methods to determine invert sugar in sugar beets have a low sample frequency and are very expensive and are therefore not implemented in the routine analyses of sugar factories. The content of invert sugar could be calculated based on the glucose content. This requires a constant ratio of glucose to fructose in freshly harvested sugar beets as well as in sugar beets stored under different conditions. The objective of the present study was thus I) to analyse the glucose to fructose ratio of freshly harvested beets and of beets stored under different conditions, and II) to develop a formula to estimate the invert sugar content based on the glucose content of sugar beets. The ratio of glucose to fructose in freshly harvested beets and beets stored under different conditions was quite similar. A close linear relationship between glucose and invert sugar content in freshly harvested and stored beets was found. By using the regression function, the invert sugar content of an independent dataset was calculated based on the glucose content. The estimated invert sugar content was closely correlated with the invert sugar content measured by HPLC. The invert sugar content in freshly harvested and stored sugar beets can thus be calculated with the formula developed in this study. This would considerably improve the quality assessment of sugar beets once the new method to measure the glucose content becomes implemented in the routine analysis in sugar factories.

scholarly journals Stem Vacuole-targeted Sucrose Isomerase Enhances Sugar Accumulation in Sorghum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoquan Liu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Hao Gong ◽  
Shan Li ◽  
Yunrong Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Sucrose Transport ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Sucrose Isomerase

Abstract Background: Sugar accumulation is critically important in determining sugar crop productivity. However, improvement in sugar content has been stagnant among sugar crops for decades. Sorghum, especially sweet sorghum with high biomass, has shown great potential for biofuel. In this study, sorghum was investigated as a C4 diploid model for crops with more complicated genomes such as maize and sugarcane. To enhance sugar accumulation, the sucrose isomerase (SI) gene, driven by stem-specific promoters (A2 or LSG) with a vacuole-targeted signal peptide, was transformed into the sorghum inbred line (Tx430).Results: The study demonstrated that transgenic lines of grain sorghum, containing 50-60% isomaltulose, accumulated sevenfold (804 mM) more total sugar than the control Tx430 did (118 mM) in stalks. Subsequently, the elite engineered lines (A5, and LSG9) were crossed with sweet sorghum (R9188, and Rio). Total sugar contents (over 750 mM), were significantly higher in F1, and F2 progenies than the control Rio (480 mM). The sugar contents of the engineered lines (over 750 mM), including T0, T1, F1, and F2, are higher than that of the field-grown sugarcane (normal range 600-700 mmol/L). Additionally, physiological characterization demonstrated that the superior progenies had notably higher rates of photosynthesis, sucrose transport, and sink strength than the controls.Conclusions: The genetic engineering approach has significantly enhanced total sugar content in grain sorghum (T0, and T1) and hybrid sorghum (F1, and F2), demonstrating that sorghum can accumulate sugar contents as high or higher than sugarcane. This research puts sorghum in the spotlight and frontier as a biofuel crop, particularly as it is a shorter duration crop. The substantial increase in sugar content would lead to enormous financial benefits for industrial utilization. This study could have a substantial impact on renewable bioenergy. More importantly, our results demonstrated that the phenotype of high sugar accumulation is inheritable and shed light on improvement for other sugar crops.

scholarly journals Patterns of Fructose, Glucose, and Sucrose Accumulation in Snap and Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Pods

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 874-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle M. VandenLangenberg ◽  
Paul C. Bethke ◽  
James Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Snap Beans

Sugars, including fructose, glucose, and sucrose, contribute significantly to the flavor and consumer acceptance of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Little is known regarding differences in sugar content among snap bean and dry bean cultivars and the patterns of sugar accumulation with increasing pod size. Alcohol–soluble sugar concentration of five snap bean cultivars and one dry bean cultivar planted in field trials was assayed throughout pod development over 2 years using high-performance liquid chromatography. Significant differences in sugar accumulation patterns and quantity were observed among cultivars. In general, fructose and glucose content decreased, whereas sucrose increased with increasing pod size in snap beans. In contrast, fructose and glucose amounts increased, whereas sucrose concentration remained unchanged with increasing pod size in the dry bean cultivar. No year-by-genotype interactions were observed for sugar accumulation patterns or sugar amount. Results indicate that sieve size No. 3 (7.34 to 8.33 mm) or No. 4 (8.33 to 9.52 mm) pods are suitable for detecting differences in sugar concentration among genotypes.

scholarly journals 158 Effects of supplemental lighting and cluster pruning on yield, photosynthesis, and sugar accumulation of greenhouse tomato plants

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 451d-451
Author(s):  
Mohammed Dafiri ◽  
André Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Supplemental Lighting

Tomato plants were submitted to three photosynthetic photon fluxes (PPF) of 50, 100, and 150 μmol. m-2s-1 and cluster-pruned according to different scenarios. The highest PPF combined with severe cluster pruning produced the highest yield and the best fruit quality. The highest PPF increased growth, photosynthesis and leaf sugar content. Severe cluster pruning increased the average fruit weight, leaf sucrose and glucose content, but reduced photosynthesis. Data will be discussed in relation to crop management and efficiency.

scholarly journals Stem vacuole-targetted sucrose isomerase enhances sugar accumulation in sorghum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoquan Liu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yunrong Pan ◽  
Christopher Eric Davis ◽  
Hai-Chun Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Sucrose Transport ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Sucrose Isomerase

Abstract Background: Sugar accumulation is critically important in determining sugar crop productivity. Sorghum, especially high biomass sweet sorghum has shown great potential for biofuel. However, improvement in sugar content has been stagnant among sugar crops for decades. In this study, sorghum was investigated as a C4 diploid model for more complicated genomes such as maize and sugarcane. To promote sugar accumulation in sorghum, the sucrose isomerase (SI) gene, driven by stem-specific promoters A1 (A) or LSG2 (L) with a signal peptide, was designed to target the stem vacuole in grain sorghum inbred line (Tx430).Results: The study demonstrated that transgenic lines of grain sorghum can accumulate isomaltulose which accounted for 50-60% of total sugar (up to 1012 mM) in stalks. While the average sugar content is 118 mM in the control Tx430. Subsequently, the best-engineered line (L9) was crossed with an elite sweet sorghum variety (Rio). The total sugar contents were significantly higher in both F1 (up to 763 mM) and F2 (up to 821 mM) progenies than the sweet sorghum Rio (485 mM), representing 57% and 69% increase respectively. Those total sugar contents in those engineered sorghum lines are higher than in the field-grown sugarcane (600-700 mM). Physiological characterization demonstrated that the superior progenies of F2 hybrids had notably higher rates of photosynthesis, sucrose transport, and sink strength than controls.Conclusion: The genetic engineering approach has significantly enhanced total sugar content in grain sorghum and hybrids of (sweet X grain) sorghum. This research has put sorghum in the spotlight and frontier as a biofuel crop. More importantly, our results prove that the phenotype of high sugar content is heritable in the grain sorghum as well as hybrids. The massive increase in sugar accumulation would lead to enormous financial benefits for industrial and biofuel use. This study would have a substantial impact on renewable energy due to the supreme capacity of total sugar accumulation in transgenic sorghum.

Impact of beet quality on sugar manufacture Part 2. Impact of invert sugar on beet processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Jan Maarten de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Sugar Recovery ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Impact

In the earlier SugarProTech Facts1, Part 1, it has been explained that, apart from the traditional beet quality criteria (i.e. sugar content, K, Na, N, soil tare), additional quality criteria should be looked upon too, so to reduce their impact on processing. The invert sugar content of sugar beet is one of the most important quality parameters and thanks to recent developments it is now possible to routinely determine the glucose content of sugar beet in the tarehouse from which the total invert sugar content can be calculated. In Part 2 of this beet quality topic it will be demonstrated that incorporating invert sugar in the (Dutch) formula for predicting the sugar loss to molasses – and so the extractability of sugar from beet – has markedly improved the correlation between beet quality analysis and sugar recovery in factory practice. The impact of the invert sugar content in beet on both sugar recovery and the need of alkali addition to process will be quantified, thereby distinguishing different beet qualities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document