Impact of beet quality on sugar manufacture Part 2. Impact of invert sugar on beet processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Jan Maarten de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Sugar Recovery ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Impact

In the earlier SugarProTech Facts1, Part 1, it has been explained that, apart from the traditional beet quality criteria (i.e. sugar content, K, Na, N, soil tare), additional quality criteria should be looked upon too, so to reduce their impact on processing. The invert sugar content of sugar beet is one of the most important quality parameters and thanks to recent developments it is now possible to routinely determine the glucose content of sugar beet in the tarehouse from which the total invert sugar content can be calculated. In Part 2 of this beet quality topic it will be demonstrated that incorporating invert sugar in the (Dutch) formula for predicting the sugar loss to molasses – and so the extractability of sugar from beet – has markedly improved the correlation between beet quality analysis and sugar recovery in factory practice. The impact of the invert sugar content in beet on both sugar recovery and the need of alkali addition to process will be quantified, thereby distinguishing different beet qualities.

Development of the sugar beet quality in the Netherlands since 1980 and introduction of invert sugar as a new parameter for beet quality assessment

2015 ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk P. Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Thick Juice ◽  
Trial Phase

The technological beet quality has been always important for the processors of sugar beet. An investigation into the development of the beet quality in the Netherlands since 1980 has shown that beet quality has improved significantly. Internal quality parameters that are traditionally determined in the beet laboratory, i.e. sugar content, Na, K and -aminoN, all show an improving trend over the years. In the factories, better beet quality has led to lower lime consumption in the juice purification and significantly higher thick juice purity. In 2013, Suiker Unie introduced the serial analysis of the glucose content in beet brei as part of the routine quality assessment of the beet. The invert sugar content is subsequently calculated from glucose content with a new correlation. The background, the trial phase and the first experiences with the glucose analyzer are discussed.

Susceptibility to root tip breakage increases storage losses of sugar beet genotypes

2016 ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann ◽  
Katharina Schnepel
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Sugar Loss

Good storability of sugar beet is of increasing importance, not only to reduce sugar losses, but also with regard to maintaining the processing quality. Genotypic differences are found in storage losses. However, it is not clear to which extent damage may contribute to the genotypic response. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of root tip breakage on storage losses of different genotypes. For that purpose, in 2012 and 2013, six sugar beet genotypes were grown in field trials at two locations. After lifting roots were damaged with a cleaning device. They were stored for 8 and 12 weeks, either under controlled conditions in a climate container at constant 8°C, or under ambient temperature in an outdoor clamp. The close correlation underlines that storage losses under controlled conditions (constant temperature) can well be transferred to conditions in practice with fluctuating temperature. The strongest impact on invert sugar accumulation and sugar loss after storage resulted from storage time, followed by damage and growing environment (year × growing site). Cleaning reduced soil tare but increased root tip breakage, in particular for genotypes with low marc content. During storage, pathogen infestation and invert sugar content of the genotypes increased with root tip breakage, but the level differed between growing environments. Sugar loss was closely related to invert sugar accumulation for all treatments, genotypes and environments. Hence, it can be concluded that root tip breakage contributes considerably to storage losses of sugar beet genotypes, and evidently genotypes show a different susceptibility to root tip breakage which is related to their marc content. For long-term storage it is therefore of particular importance to avoid damage during the harvest operations and furthermore, to have genotypes with high storability and low susceptibility to damage.

scholarly journals Impact of Genes and Proportional Contribution of Parental Genotypes to Inheritance of Root Yield and Sugar Content in Diploid Hybrids of Sugar Beet

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivica Stancic ◽  
Jelica Zivic ◽  
Sasa Petrovic ◽  
Desimir Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Genotypic Variance ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Proportional Contribution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Equal Contribution

This paper analyzes the impact of genes and proportional contribution of parental genotypes on the inheritance of root yield and sugar content in diploid hybrids of sugar beet. The survey included two diploid male-sterile monogerm lines and three single (SC) male-sterile hybrids as maternal components, while three multigerm diploids were used as pollinators. The partitioning of genotypic variance into additive and dominant components was performed by half sibling (HS) and full sibling (FS) covariance. The proportional contribution of individual components of crossbreeding (lines, testers, and interactions) was exhibited in the expression of certain characteristics of F1generation. Genotypic variance components showed a significant effect of nonadditive gene action (dominance) in the inheritance of root yield and sugar content, while the additive effect of genes was less significant. Maternal components had a greater proportional contribution to root yield, while lines, pollinators, and their interactions had an equal contribution to sugar content.

scholarly journals The Impact of Hydraulic Fracturing on Groundwater Quality in the Permian Basin, West Texas, USA

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Rodriguez ◽  
Joonghyeok Heo ◽  
Kee Han Kim
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Permian Basin ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of hydraulic fracturing on groundwater quality in Ector, Midland, and Martin Counties located in the Permian Basin, West Texas. Chemical fluids used in hydraulic fracturing and groundwater quality parameters (chloride, fluoride, calcium carbonate, nitrate, pH, and total dissolved solids), were statistically analyzed assuming a normal probability function distribution and through a one-way analysis of variance of the parameters. Additionally, the depth of groundwater well versus water quality analysis as well as historical analysis of groundwater quality parameters of wells were performed. The result for each county was individually examined and contrasted with the other two counties, in order to make inferences about groundwater quality and oil and gas activities for the three counties. Potential risks to human health from the abnormal levels of the groundwater quality parameters studied were also discussed based on the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) standards. This research provides important information on groundwater quality in the Permian Basin and contributes on understanding the response to development in hydraulic fracturing.

scholarly journals Impact of Irrigation and Fertigation on the Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in a Moderate Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Żarski ◽  
Renata Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska ◽  
Stanisław Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderate Climate

In Poland, under conditions of the moderate climate and transition between maritime and continental climates, the average rainfall totals of the growing season are in the range of 350–400 mm; however, they are distinguished by great temporal and spatial variability. Climatological studies demonstrate that the drought frequency is approximately 30%. Therefore, under such conditions, irrigation has a supplementary and intervention nature and is applied only when dry periods occur. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of sprinkler irrigation and increased nitrogen fertilization on the yield and quality of sugar beet roots and yield of sugar. The average increase of the yield under irrigation was 18.1 t·ha−1 which constituted a 22.8% increase in the yield. Furthermore, there was a marked tendency of a higher sugar content in the roots of irrigated plants. The absolute, relative, and unit average sugar beet root yield increases obtained under the influence of sprinkler irrigation and the lack of a significant diversity in the sugar content in roots confirm that irrigation contributed to an appropriate pace of plant growth and development. The increased rate of nitrogen fertilization (N2) of 160 kg N·ha−1 plus an additional 40 kg N·ha−1 resulted in the significantly greater root yields compared to the control (N1) (160 kg N·ha−1), i.e., an average of 7.6 t·ha−1 (9%). Based on the crop-water production function, the maximum root yields were obtained for the N1 rate at a total precipitation and irrigation amount of 382 mm, compared with 367 mm for the N2 rate.

Dry matter and sugar content as parameters to assess the quality of sugar beet varieties for anaerobic digestion

2014 ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Starke ◽  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
The Impact

Sugar beet is considered as biogas substrate because of its high yield. However, varieties differ in quality, in particular sugar content, which might affect biogas formation. The study aimed at analysing the impact of different beet qualities on biogas formation. Furthermore, parameters describing beet quality for anaerobic digestion should be found. From 2009 to 2011 field trials with several sugar beet varieties and a fodder beet variety were conducted with different N application rates at sites near Göttingen and Regensburg to get a broad range of beet qualities. The dry matter composition of beets, leaves, winter beet, bolters and maize was analysed. Discontinuous batch trials with fresh beet material were conducted to determine biogas formation. Sugar beet varieties did not differ in their dry matter composition and thus in biogas formation, whereas differences occurred between sugar beet and other substrates. Sugar beet was characterised by a high content of organic dry matter (98% oDM). The degradation time was mainly affected by the crude fibre content of the material. Therefore 90% of the biogas from sugar beet was formed within 3.5 days, whereas from winter beet, bolters and maize it took more than 10 days. The calculation of the specific biogas yield of different sugar beet qualities with two formulae resulted in lower values than determined in batch trials. A formula was derived to assess sugar beet quality for anaerobic digestion based on the sugar content, as increasing sugar contents lead to increasing specific biogas yields per kilogramme fresh matter.

Importance of harvesting system and variety for storage losses of sugar beet

2018 ◽  
pp. 474-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann ◽  
Meik Engelhardt ◽  
Michael Gallmeier ◽  
Michael Gruber ◽  
Bernward Märländer
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Optimal Setting ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
The Impact

Damage resulting from harvest operations increases the storage losses of sugar beet. Because of different equipment, the kind and extent of damage may differ between harvesting systems. The objective of the study was to analyze (I) the impact of different harvesting systems and cleaning intensities on damages of sugar beet, and furthermore, (II) the effect of these damages on storage losses. In 2015 and 2016 at four sites, two sugar beet varieties were harvested with two six-row harvesters (axial rollers versus turbines for cleaning) using three cleaning intensities with three replicates in tracks of 200m length. Roots were stored in a climate container at 9°C for 5 and 12 weeks. The results show that the diameter of root tip breakage and surface damage increased with cleaning intensity. Marked differences occurred among varieties and sites. The factor analysis indicates that the extent of damage (root tip breakage, surface damage) had a considerable impact on the infestation with mold and rots, the accumulation of invert sugar and sugar losses after storage. However, the higher root tip breakage of beets harvested by harvester2 was accompanied by lower sugar losses than in harvester1 after 12weeks storage, in particular with the aggressive cleaning intensity. The marked impact of the cleaning intensity emphasizes the importance of the operator and of the optimal setting of the harvester for a good harvest quality and thus storability of sugar beet.

Methodological studies on the precision of variety trials with sugar beet – effect of sample size and head rows

2020 ◽  
pp. 554-561
Author(s):  
Christine Kenter ◽  
Philipp Götze ◽  
Erwin Ladewig
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Variety Trials ◽  
Yield And Quality

In Germany, the guidelines for variety trials with sugar beet require plots with 80–100 beets for a representative estimation of root yield. If possible, one or two head rows shall be planted perpendicular to the plots to avoid border effects at open alleys. The optimum sample size was determined in the 1970s and the effect of head rows has not yet been systematically studied. The aim of the present study was to quantify the effects of sample size and head rows on the precision of yield and quality data of sugar beet. Two series of field trials were carried out in Germany in 2016–2017. In the series “sample size”, conducted at 9 environments, samples of 30, 60, 90 and 120 beets were compared. With increasing number of beets, coefficients of variation and least significant differences for yield and quality parameters decreased, especially when the sample size was increased from 30 to 60 beets. Compared to the current standard of 90 beets, the precision of samples with 60 beets was similar for sugar content but lower for root yield. It is concluded that the current sample size should not be reduced. In the series “head rows”, ten variety trials were conducted without and with head rows. The precision of trials with and without head rows did not differ in general. The effect of head rows on least significant differences for root yield and sugar content was not consistent among environments. With head rows, absolute root yield (tonnes per ha) was lower and sugar content was higher than without, but the rank of varieties in relative white sugar yield remained unchanged. Sugar beet varieties can thus be tested in trials with and without head rows without losing precision, even within the same trial series.

Processing deteriorated beet. Part 1: Indicative and quantitative analysis of the degree of deterioration

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Jan Maarten de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Process Operation ◽  
And Performance

For purpose of process control and measures to handle deteriorated beet material it is of the utmost importance to monitor the beet quality parameters indicating beet deterioration. This paper presents an overview of the most appropriate methods to be applied: visual inspection of beet material, analysis of marker components like mannitol and invert sugar, and the analysis of dextran. Critical levels of these components in sugar beet are mentioned, beyond which actions in process operation should be undertaken. Recognizing deteriorating beet quality at an early stage is possible by attention to sudden or gradual changes of particular process parameters and performance indicators, which will be briefly explained.

scholarly journals Influence of sowing and harvest dates on production of two different cultivars of sugar beet  

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlů Klára ◽  
Chochola Jaromír ◽  
Pulkrábek Josef ◽  
Urban Jaroslav
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Infested Site

Small-plot trials conducted in 2013–2015 studied the impact of longer vegetation periods (by means of earlier drilling and/or later harvest) on production results of two sugar beet cultivars – one nematode-tolerant cultivar and one cultivar without such tolerance. The trials took place at two sites with different Heterodera schachtii infestation levels. In all trial seasons, root yield was significantly higher in the earlier drilled plots. On average, prolongation of the vegetation period in spring by 13 days increased root yield by 10.9%. Therefore, each day by which drilling is postponed represents a 0.7–0.8% loss of yield. As to sugar content, no statistically significant benefit of vegetation period prolongation by early drilling was found. The spring gain was slightly higher for the non-tolerant cultivar than for the tolerant one on average over all trial seasons. This result confirms the theory that nematodes impact the crop mainly in later stages of vegetation, and early drilling can thus help eliminating, to a certain degree, the risk of nematode damage. In the autumn, root yield increased by 14.3% on average over 39 days. The autumn daily gain was about half of the rate found in the spring. The increase in sugar content was between 0.6% and 1% (abs.) on average. Autumn growth achieved at the non-infested site was much higher than at the infested site.  

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