Susceptibility to root tip breakage increases storage losses of sugar beet genotypes

2016 ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann ◽  
Katharina Schnepel
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Sugar Loss

Good storability of sugar beet is of increasing importance, not only to reduce sugar losses, but also with regard to maintaining the processing quality. Genotypic differences are found in storage losses. However, it is not clear to which extent damage may contribute to the genotypic response. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of root tip breakage on storage losses of different genotypes. For that purpose, in 2012 and 2013, six sugar beet genotypes were grown in field trials at two locations. After lifting roots were damaged with a cleaning device. They were stored for 8 and 12 weeks, either under controlled conditions in a climate container at constant 8°C, or under ambient temperature in an outdoor clamp. The close correlation underlines that storage losses under controlled conditions (constant temperature) can well be transferred to conditions in practice with fluctuating temperature. The strongest impact on invert sugar accumulation and sugar loss after storage resulted from storage time, followed by damage and growing environment (year × growing site). Cleaning reduced soil tare but increased root tip breakage, in particular for genotypes with low marc content. During storage, pathogen infestation and invert sugar content of the genotypes increased with root tip breakage, but the level differed between growing environments. Sugar loss was closely related to invert sugar accumulation for all treatments, genotypes and environments. Hence, it can be concluded that root tip breakage contributes considerably to storage losses of sugar beet genotypes, and evidently genotypes show a different susceptibility to root tip breakage which is related to their marc content. For long-term storage it is therefore of particular importance to avoid damage during the harvest operations and furthermore, to have genotypes with high storability and low susceptibility to damage.

Genotypic variability in storage losses of sugar beet

2014 ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schnepel ◽  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Genotypic Variability ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Genotype Effect ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Storage losses of sugar beets are affected by storage conditions, but may also depend on growing site and genotype. The aim of the present study was to quantify the genotype effect on storage losses and to analyze the reasons for genotypic variability in sugar losses and accumulation of invert sugar. In 2011, 36 sugar beet genotypes and in 2012, 18genotypes were cultivated at two growing sites. After harvest beets were stored for 8 and 12 weeks at 8°C and 20°C in climate containers, respectively. Sugar losses increased with thermal time in store and were closely related to invert sugar accumulation. The growing site strongly affected the storage losses and maximum genotypic differences occurred at growing sites with particularly high level of storage losses. Genotypic differences were primarily caused by differences in the level of infestation with microorganisms, but also by differences in the beets’ carbohydrate metabolism. The infestation with microorganisms after storage was related to the marc content of genotypes before storage pointing to a non-specific resistance. The results underline a marked influence of the genotype on storage losses with a proportion of variance of 12%. Thus, selection of varieties with improved storability seems promising to reduce storage losses of sugar beet. But so far, no criteria are available to select for good storability of sugar beet varieties.

Sugar beet from field clamps -harvest quality and storage loss

2018 ◽  
pp. 639-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
And Storage ◽  
High Storage

Harvest quality of sugar beet varies according to soil conditions, harvester type and setting, and variety, too. Harvest quality may affect storage losses, in particular when injuries occur. To determine the harvest quality of commercial sugar beet and to quantify resulting storage losses, 92 commercial sugar beet clamps were sampled across Germany and information about harvest conditions were gathered. At IfZ, soil tare, leaf residues, topping diameter, root tip breakage and surface damage of the beets were determined. The beets were stored in 6 replicates in a climate container at 9°C for 10 weeks. The results demonstrate a rather good harvesting quality of sugar beet in Germany. Soil moisture at harvest did not affect harvest quality and storage losses. Very light, but also heavier soils lead to inferior harvest quality (soil tare, root tip breakage, damage) and slightly higher storage losses compared to the typical loam soils. Significant differences occurred between the three harvester types (companies). In general, high root tip breakage and severe surface damage of the beet was related to a high infestation with mould and rots, high invert sugar contents after storage and high sugar losses. Out of the five most planted varieties, in particular one turned out to be very susceptible to damage, resulting in high storage losses. The factor analysis suggests that the effect of harvester / harvester setting and of variety is more important for harvest quality and storage losses of sugar beet than soil conditions at harvest. Therefore, attention should be paid to optimize these conditions.

Importance of harvesting system and variety for storage losses of sugar beet

2018 ◽  
pp. 474-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann ◽  
Meik Engelhardt ◽  
Michael Gallmeier ◽  
Michael Gruber ◽  
Bernward Märländer
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Optimal Setting ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
The Impact

Damage resulting from harvest operations increases the storage losses of sugar beet. Because of different equipment, the kind and extent of damage may differ between harvesting systems. The objective of the study was to analyze (I) the impact of different harvesting systems and cleaning intensities on damages of sugar beet, and furthermore, (II) the effect of these damages on storage losses. In 2015 and 2016 at four sites, two sugar beet varieties were harvested with two six-row harvesters (axial rollers versus turbines for cleaning) using three cleaning intensities with three replicates in tracks of 200m length. Roots were stored in a climate container at 9°C for 5 and 12 weeks. The results show that the diameter of root tip breakage and surface damage increased with cleaning intensity. Marked differences occurred among varieties and sites. The factor analysis indicates that the extent of damage (root tip breakage, surface damage) had a considerable impact on the infestation with mold and rots, the accumulation of invert sugar and sugar losses after storage. However, the higher root tip breakage of beets harvested by harvester2 was accompanied by lower sugar losses than in harvester1 after 12weeks storage, in particular with the aggressive cleaning intensity. The marked impact of the cleaning intensity emphasizes the importance of the operator and of the optimal setting of the harvester for a good harvest quality and thus storability of sugar beet.

Storability as a varietal characteristic of sugar beet? – Results 2016–2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 495-501
Author(s):  
Christine Kenter ◽  
Erwin Ladewig
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sugar Loss

The storability of sugar beet varieties grown in Germany has not been specified to date. In 2016–2018, nine storage trials were carried out in order to test the storability of 13 current varieties. The beet were stored in climate containers for approximately 480 °Cd. Root mass and the contents of sugar, invert sugar and marc were determined before and after storage. During storage, the sugar content decreased in all varieties while the invert sugar content increased. The observed sugar loss was most significant (about 10% of the amount before storage) in an environment where the syndrome „basses richesses“ had occurred. Differences among varieties were significant in six environments, but not for the mean of the eight trials without diseases. Variety recommendations concerning the storability of sugar beet are thus currently not possible.

scholarly journals Effect of Environment and Sugar Beet Genotype on Root Rot Development and Pathogen Profile During Storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Liebe ◽  
Mark Varrelmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Content Understanding ◽  
Storage Rots

Storage rots represent an economically important factor impairing the storability of sugar beet by increasing sucrose losses and invert sugar content. Understanding the development of disease management strategies, knowledge about major storage pathogens, and factors influencing their occurrence is crucial. In comprehensive storage trials conducted under controlled conditions, the effects of environment and genotype on rot development and associated quality changes were investigated. Prevalent species involved in rot development were identified by a newly developed microarray. The strongest effect on rot development was assigned to environment factors followed by genotypic effects. Despite large variation in rot severity (sample range 0 to 84%), the spectrum of microorganisms colonizing sugar beet remained fairly constant across all treatments with dominant species belonging to the fungal genera Botrytis, Fusarium, and Penicillium. The intensity of microbial tissue necrotization was strongly correlated with sucrose losses (R2 = 0.79 to 0.91) and invert sugar accumulation (R2 = 0.91 to 0.95). A storage rot resistance bioassay was developed that could successfully reproduce the genotype ranking observed in storage trials. Quantification of fungal biomass indicates that genetic resistance is based on a quantitative mechanism. Further work is required to understand the large environmental influence on rot development in sugar beet.

Development of the sugar beet quality in the Netherlands since 1980 and introduction of invert sugar as a new parameter for beet quality assessment

2015 ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk P. Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Thick Juice ◽  
Trial Phase

The technological beet quality has been always important for the processors of sugar beet. An investigation into the development of the beet quality in the Netherlands since 1980 has shown that beet quality has improved significantly. Internal quality parameters that are traditionally determined in the beet laboratory, i.e. sugar content, Na, K and -aminoN, all show an improving trend over the years. In the factories, better beet quality has led to lower lime consumption in the juice purification and significantly higher thick juice purity. In 2013, Suiker Unie introduced the serial analysis of the glucose content in beet brei as part of the routine quality assessment of the beet. The invert sugar content is subsequently calculated from glucose content with a new correlation. The background, the trial phase and the first experiences with the glucose analyzer are discussed.

Effect of agronomic factors on invert sugar accumulation in sugar beet

2016 ◽  
pp. 765-769
Author(s):  
Martijn Leijdekkers
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Substantial Impact

Since 2013, the glucose content of all beet samples from beet reception and field trials is routinely analyzed in The Netherlands using a biosensor which is integrated into the automatic beet laboratory system. The invert sugar content is subsequently calculated from the glucose content using a linear conversion factor. This additional information helps to identify beet deliveries with a questionable beet quality at an early stage and provides valuable information on various agronomic factors that increase invert sugar accumulation in the beet. Based on results obtained during the past years, different factors are highlighted that affect the invert sugar content in the beet. Among these factors, beet deterioration following frost damage and the presence of root rot due to infestation by pests and diseases have shown to increase the invert sugar content dramatically. In addition, unfavorable storage conditions and bad harvesting quality had a substantial impact on invert sugar accumulation. Growth conditions and beet variety also influenced the invert sugar content markedly, although to a much lesser extent. Using the obtained data, the most important control measures that enable growers to prevent undesired invert sugar formation and consequent sugar losses in their beet are discussed.

scholarly journals Postharvest Storage Losses Associated with Rhizomania in Sugar Beet

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Campbell ◽  
K. L. Klotz ◽  
L. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Postharvest Storage ◽  
Postharvest Losses ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Sucrose Loss

During storage of sugar beet, respiration and rots consume sucrose and produce invert sugar. Diseases that occur in the field can affect the magnitude of these losses. This research examines the storage of roots with rhizomania (caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus) and the effectiveness of rhizomania-resistant hybrids in reducing postharvest losses. Roots of susceptible hybrids from sites with rhizomania had respiration rates 30 days after harvest (DAH) that ranged from 0.68 to 2.79 mg of CO2 kg–1 h–1 higher than roots of the resistant hybrids. This difference ranged from 2.60 to 13.88 mg of CO2 kg–1 h–1 120 DAH. Roots of resistant hybrids from sites with rhizomania had 18 kg more sucrose per ton than roots from susceptible hybrids 30 DAH, with this difference increasing to 55 kg Mg–1 120 DAH. The invert sugar concentration of susceptible hybrids from sites with rhizomania ranged from 8.38 to 287 g per 100 g of sucrose higher than that for resistant hybrids 120 DAH. In contrast, differences between susceptible and resistant hybrids in respiration rate, sucrose loss, and invert sugar concentration in the absence of rhizomania were relatively small. Storage losses due to rhizomania can be minimized by planting resistant hybrids and processing roots from fields with rhizomania soon after harvest.

Root tissue strength and storage losses of sugar beet varieties as affected by N application and irrigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Christa M. Hoffmann ◽  
Gunnar Kleuker ◽  
André Wauters ◽  
William English ◽  
Martijn Leijdekkers
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
N Application ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Damage Susceptibility ◽  
And Storage

There is some evidence that sugar beet root tissue strength affects damage susceptibility and storage losses. This study aimed at analyzing the effect of N application and of irrigation on tissue strength of sugar beet varieties, on root composition, and on root tip breakage and storage losses. For this purpose, field trials in six replicates with three sugar beet varieties were carried out with three N doses in The Netherlands and Belgium in 2018 and 2019, alternatively with three irrigation treatments in Sweden in 2018 and 2019. Results show a low impact of N application and irrigation on puncture resistance, tissue firmness and compressive strength of the roots, while varieties differed always stronger and significantly. Cell wall composition (pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin) did not differ markedly in roots from different environments (sites, years) and varieties, giving no explanation for differences in tissue strength. However, the percentage of cell wall material (AIR, marc) and of dry matter were higher in roots with higher tissue strength. Root tip breakage and sugar losses during storage tended to be lower when root compressive strength of varieties was higher. Hence, root tissue strength could serve as an indirect selection criterion for reduced damage susceptibility and improved storability of sugar beet varieties.

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