Genotypic variability in storage losses of sugar beet

2014 ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schnepel ◽  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Genotypic Variability ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Genotype Effect ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Storage losses of sugar beets are affected by storage conditions, but may also depend on growing site and genotype. The aim of the present study was to quantify the genotype effect on storage losses and to analyze the reasons for genotypic variability in sugar losses and accumulation of invert sugar. In 2011, 36 sugar beet genotypes and in 2012, 18genotypes were cultivated at two growing sites. After harvest beets were stored for 8 and 12 weeks at 8°C and 20°C in climate containers, respectively. Sugar losses increased with thermal time in store and were closely related to invert sugar accumulation. The growing site strongly affected the storage losses and maximum genotypic differences occurred at growing sites with particularly high level of storage losses. Genotypic differences were primarily caused by differences in the level of infestation with microorganisms, but also by differences in the beets’ carbohydrate metabolism. The infestation with microorganisms after storage was related to the marc content of genotypes before storage pointing to a non-specific resistance. The results underline a marked influence of the genotype on storage losses with a proportion of variance of 12%. Thus, selection of varieties with improved storability seems promising to reduce storage losses of sugar beet. But so far, no criteria are available to select for good storability of sugar beet varieties.

Susceptibility to root tip breakage increases storage losses of sugar beet genotypes

2016 ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann ◽  
Katharina Schnepel
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Sugar Loss

Good storability of sugar beet is of increasing importance, not only to reduce sugar losses, but also with regard to maintaining the processing quality. Genotypic differences are found in storage losses. However, it is not clear to which extent damage may contribute to the genotypic response. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of root tip breakage on storage losses of different genotypes. For that purpose, in 2012 and 2013, six sugar beet genotypes were grown in field trials at two locations. After lifting roots were damaged with a cleaning device. They were stored for 8 and 12 weeks, either under controlled conditions in a climate container at constant 8°C, or under ambient temperature in an outdoor clamp. The close correlation underlines that storage losses under controlled conditions (constant temperature) can well be transferred to conditions in practice with fluctuating temperature. The strongest impact on invert sugar accumulation and sugar loss after storage resulted from storage time, followed by damage and growing environment (year × growing site). Cleaning reduced soil tare but increased root tip breakage, in particular for genotypes with low marc content. During storage, pathogen infestation and invert sugar content of the genotypes increased with root tip breakage, but the level differed between growing environments. Sugar loss was closely related to invert sugar accumulation for all treatments, genotypes and environments. Hence, it can be concluded that root tip breakage contributes considerably to storage losses of sugar beet genotypes, and evidently genotypes show a different susceptibility to root tip breakage which is related to their marc content. For long-term storage it is therefore of particular importance to avoid damage during the harvest operations and furthermore, to have genotypes with high storability and low susceptibility to damage.

Sugar beet from field clamps -harvest quality and storage loss

2018 ◽  
pp. 639-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
And Storage ◽  
High Storage

Harvest quality of sugar beet varies according to soil conditions, harvester type and setting, and variety, too. Harvest quality may affect storage losses, in particular when injuries occur. To determine the harvest quality of commercial sugar beet and to quantify resulting storage losses, 92 commercial sugar beet clamps were sampled across Germany and information about harvest conditions were gathered. At IfZ, soil tare, leaf residues, topping diameter, root tip breakage and surface damage of the beets were determined. The beets were stored in 6 replicates in a climate container at 9°C for 10 weeks. The results demonstrate a rather good harvesting quality of sugar beet in Germany. Soil moisture at harvest did not affect harvest quality and storage losses. Very light, but also heavier soils lead to inferior harvest quality (soil tare, root tip breakage, damage) and slightly higher storage losses compared to the typical loam soils. Significant differences occurred between the three harvester types (companies). In general, high root tip breakage and severe surface damage of the beet was related to a high infestation with mould and rots, high invert sugar contents after storage and high sugar losses. Out of the five most planted varieties, in particular one turned out to be very susceptible to damage, resulting in high storage losses. The factor analysis suggests that the effect of harvester / harvester setting and of variety is more important for harvest quality and storage losses of sugar beet than soil conditions at harvest. Therefore, attention should be paid to optimize these conditions.

Importance of harvesting system and variety for storage losses of sugar beet

2018 ◽  
pp. 474-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann ◽  
Meik Engelhardt ◽  
Michael Gallmeier ◽  
Michael Gruber ◽  
Bernward Märländer
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Optimal Setting ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
The Impact

Damage resulting from harvest operations increases the storage losses of sugar beet. Because of different equipment, the kind and extent of damage may differ between harvesting systems. The objective of the study was to analyze (I) the impact of different harvesting systems and cleaning intensities on damages of sugar beet, and furthermore, (II) the effect of these damages on storage losses. In 2015 and 2016 at four sites, two sugar beet varieties were harvested with two six-row harvesters (axial rollers versus turbines for cleaning) using three cleaning intensities with three replicates in tracks of 200m length. Roots were stored in a climate container at 9°C for 5 and 12 weeks. The results show that the diameter of root tip breakage and surface damage increased with cleaning intensity. Marked differences occurred among varieties and sites. The factor analysis indicates that the extent of damage (root tip breakage, surface damage) had a considerable impact on the infestation with mold and rots, the accumulation of invert sugar and sugar losses after storage. However, the higher root tip breakage of beets harvested by harvester2 was accompanied by lower sugar losses than in harvester1 after 12weeks storage, in particular with the aggressive cleaning intensity. The marked impact of the cleaning intensity emphasizes the importance of the operator and of the optimal setting of the harvester for a good harvest quality and thus storability of sugar beet.

scholarly journals Sugar Beet Cultivar Evaluation for Storability and Rhizomania Resistance

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Strausbaugh ◽  
Imad Eujayl ◽  
Eugene Rearick ◽  
Paul Foote ◽  
Dave Elison
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Sugar Beet Cultivar ◽  
Rhizomania Resistance ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
Selection Of

To reduce storage losses and improve resistance to rhizomania caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), studies were initiated to establish a storage cultivar selection program. In 2006 and 2007, 30 or more commercial sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) cultivars were grown in soil naturally infested with BNYVV. At harvest, two root samples from each plot were collected and used to establish percent sugar. Additional samples were placed on top of an indoor pile (set point 1.7°C) and inside an outdoor pile in a randomized complete block design with four replications. After 142 and 159 days in indoor storage, sucrose reduction ranged from 13 to 90% in 2007 and 57 to 100% in 2008. Outdoor storage sucrose reduction ranged from 13 to 32% in 2007 and 28 to 60% in 2008. An average of 31 and 45% of the root surface was covered with fungal growth in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Cultivars that retained the most sucrose had resistance to BNYVV and the least fungal growth and weight loss. Indoor storage with BNYVV-infested roots allowed for the most consistent cultivar separation and will potentially lead to selection of cultivars for improved storability and rhizomania resistance.

scholarly journals Postharvest Storage Losses Associated with Rhizomania in Sugar Beet

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Campbell ◽  
K. L. Klotz ◽  
L. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Postharvest Storage ◽  
Postharvest Losses ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Sucrose Loss

During storage of sugar beet, respiration and rots consume sucrose and produce invert sugar. Diseases that occur in the field can affect the magnitude of these losses. This research examines the storage of roots with rhizomania (caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus) and the effectiveness of rhizomania-resistant hybrids in reducing postharvest losses. Roots of susceptible hybrids from sites with rhizomania had respiration rates 30 days after harvest (DAH) that ranged from 0.68 to 2.79 mg of CO2 kg–1 h–1 higher than roots of the resistant hybrids. This difference ranged from 2.60 to 13.88 mg of CO2 kg–1 h–1 120 DAH. Roots of resistant hybrids from sites with rhizomania had 18 kg more sucrose per ton than roots from susceptible hybrids 30 DAH, with this difference increasing to 55 kg Mg–1 120 DAH. The invert sugar concentration of susceptible hybrids from sites with rhizomania ranged from 8.38 to 287 g per 100 g of sucrose higher than that for resistant hybrids 120 DAH. In contrast, differences between susceptible and resistant hybrids in respiration rate, sucrose loss, and invert sugar concentration in the absence of rhizomania were relatively small. Storage losses due to rhizomania can be minimized by planting resistant hybrids and processing roots from fields with rhizomania soon after harvest.

scholarly journals Integrative transcriptomics reveals genotypic impact on sugar beet storability

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 359-378
Author(s):  
Silvia Madritsch ◽  
Svenja Bomers ◽  
Alexandra Posekany ◽  
Agnes Burg ◽  
Rebekka Birke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Driver Genes ◽  
Sucrose Loss

Abstract Key message An integrative comparative transcriptomic approach on six sugar beet varieties showing different amount of sucrose loss during storage revealed genotype-specific main driver genes and pathways characterizing storability. Abstract Sugar beet is next to sugar cane one of the most important sugar crops accounting for about 15% of the sucrose produced worldwide. Since its processing is increasingly centralized, storage of beet roots over an extended time has become necessary. Sucrose loss during storage is a major concern for the sugar industry because the accumulation of invert sugar and byproducts severely affect sucrose manufacturing. This loss is mainly due to ongoing respiration, but changes in cell wall composition and pathogen infestation also contribute. While some varieties can cope better during storage, the underlying molecular mechanisms are currently undiscovered. We applied integrative transcriptomics on six varieties exhibiting different levels of sucrose loss during storage. Already prior to storage, well storable varieties were characterized by a higher number of parenchyma cells, a smaller cell area, and a thinner periderm. Supporting these findings, transcriptomics identified changes in genes involved in cell wall modifications. After 13 weeks of storage, over 900 differentially expressed genes were detected between well and badly storable varieties, mainly in the category of defense response but also in carbohydrate metabolism and the phenylpropanoid pathway. These findings were confirmed by gene co-expression network analysis where hub genes were identified as main drivers of invert sugar accumulation and sucrose loss. Our data provide insight into transcriptional changes in sugar beet roots during storage resulting in the characterization of key pathways and hub genes that might be further used as markers to improve pathogen resistance and storage properties.

scholarly journals Study on Post Harvest Losses in Potato in Different Storage Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Shraddha Khanal ◽  
Kabindra Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Common Potato

The study aimed to conduct a comparative study of three most common potato storage conditions (in-house store, in-basket store and cold store) and to find the most suitable storage condition for farmers. The experimental work involved post-harvest loss assessment and study of pattern of respiratory and reducing sugar level for sixty days storage period. Total loss was lowest (4.38%) for cold stored potatoes and highest (13.04%) for in-house stored potatoes. Reducing sugar accumulation was least (0.65%) and remained almost constant throughout study period for in-house stored potatoes. Reducing sugar accumulation gradually increased and was maximum (1.04%) for cold stored potatoes. Respiratory rate was least in cold stored potatoes which gradually decreased and reached 3.17mg CO2/kg/hr at the end of sixty days storage. Respiratory rate was maximum for in-basket stored potatoes which reached up to 6.55 mg CO2/kg/hr at the end of storage. Storage loss and respiratory rate are minimum for cold stored potatoes but showed high sugar accumulation. In-house storage do not suffer from excessive sugar accumulation but storage loss is maximum of all. In case of in-basket storage, besides being cheap and feasible, there is no problem of sugar accumulation and storage losses was also significantly lower than in-house storage.

scholarly journals Effect of Environment and Sugar Beet Genotype on Root Rot Development and Pathogen Profile During Storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Liebe ◽  
Mark Varrelmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Content Understanding ◽  
Storage Rots

Storage rots represent an economically important factor impairing the storability of sugar beet by increasing sucrose losses and invert sugar content. Understanding the development of disease management strategies, knowledge about major storage pathogens, and factors influencing their occurrence is crucial. In comprehensive storage trials conducted under controlled conditions, the effects of environment and genotype on rot development and associated quality changes were investigated. Prevalent species involved in rot development were identified by a newly developed microarray. The strongest effect on rot development was assigned to environment factors followed by genotypic effects. Despite large variation in rot severity (sample range 0 to 84%), the spectrum of microorganisms colonizing sugar beet remained fairly constant across all treatments with dominant species belonging to the fungal genera Botrytis, Fusarium, and Penicillium. The intensity of microbial tissue necrotization was strongly correlated with sucrose losses (R2 = 0.79 to 0.91) and invert sugar accumulation (R2 = 0.91 to 0.95). A storage rot resistance bioassay was developed that could successfully reproduce the genotype ranking observed in storage trials. Quantification of fungal biomass indicates that genetic resistance is based on a quantitative mechanism. Further work is required to understand the large environmental influence on rot development in sugar beet.

Development of the sugar beet quality in the Netherlands since 1980 and introduction of invert sugar as a new parameter for beet quality assessment

2015 ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk P. Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Thick Juice ◽  
Trial Phase

The technological beet quality has been always important for the processors of sugar beet. An investigation into the development of the beet quality in the Netherlands since 1980 has shown that beet quality has improved significantly. Internal quality parameters that are traditionally determined in the beet laboratory, i.e. sugar content, Na, K and -aminoN, all show an improving trend over the years. In the factories, better beet quality has led to lower lime consumption in the juice purification and significantly higher thick juice purity. In 2013, Suiker Unie introduced the serial analysis of the glucose content in beet brei as part of the routine quality assessment of the beet. The invert sugar content is subsequently calculated from glucose content with a new correlation. The background, the trial phase and the first experiences with the glucose analyzer are discussed.

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