scholarly journals The Ties That Binds the Giant: China’s Interests in Energy Sources of Central Asia

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Duran ◽  
Kadir Kürşat Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Growing Economy

Following the collapse of Soviet Union, the interest of China towards the Central Asia first revolved around the security and border issues. Then the fast growing economy of China since 2000 needs energy more she can produce. Becoming one of the biggest energy users, China has become more and more dependent on other countries to fill her energy deficit. Thus China has identified Central Asia as her prime area to built cooperative relations. In this respect, China started new relationships with Turkmenistan and Kazakistan in order to secure and sustain the procurement of oil and natural gas. Thanks to its rich oil and natural gas reserves, Central Asia has become a region in which the great powers compete; with the years 2000s China joined to the rush. The rivalry in the region has a potential to change the balance of power in the World. This study evaluates this rivalry in terms of political and economic effects on China.

scholarly journals Problems Encountered during the Transition to Market Economy in Azerbaijan and Solution Attempts

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihan Bulut ◽  
Elchin Suleymanov ◽  
Fakhri Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Republic

After re-gaining its independence on 18 October 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan started to transform to the market-based economy and to integrate into the world economy. The country’s oil and natural gas reserves have been considered the main source for financing range of government programs for reforms. On the one hand, these reserves had to be used effectively; on the other hand, there was a huge demand for foreign investment for extraction. To this end, Azerbaijan has signed “Contract of the Century” in 1994. Although Azerbaijan has wide oil and natural gas reserves, it has faced a number of difficulties in its transition way. This study analyzes these problems and reforms for solving them. One of the types of the problems were related to the economic structure of the former Soviet Union: disruption of the economic ties between the republics resulted in decline of production, high levels of unemployment and prices and consequently led to an economic recession in all of the republics. Another set of problems was related to lack of sufficient institutional bases to transform to the market economy. Moreover, internal conflicts between the political parties and groups for having authority as well as political chaos in the republic can be considered other serious problems during the transition period. Furthermore, Karabakh war and occupation of 20 percent of the Azerbaijani territory by the Armenian military forces had made the situation extremely complicated. Despite all of these extremes, Azerbaijan transformed to the market-based economy decidedly and even became one of the fast growing countries of the world. Even in 2006, with the GDP growth rate of 34.5 percent, Azerbaijan was a leader among growing economies. In parallel with this significant economic development, there is still a need for some socio-economic and institutional reforms in order to get a well-functioned market-based economy in Azerbaijan.

Turkey's Path Towards an Energy Market

2019 ◽  
pp. 122-141
Author(s):  
Haşmet Gökirmak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Capacity Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Pipeline Project

This chapter discusses the possibility of developing an energy market in Turkey. Turkey currently serves as an energy transit corridor, with the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) and Kirkuk-Ceyhan pipelines and with its seaborne oil trade, where large volumes are carried by tankers through its straits. Turkey also has the potential to become an energy market with new projects connecting producers in Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Caucasus, and major consumers of oil and natural gas in Europe and other regions of the world. Two recent megaprojects, The Trans Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline Project (TANAP) and Turkish Stream will move Turkey closer to fulfilling this dream. Turkey, however, needs to meet some requirements to be considered a mature energy market. These are related, among others, to factors such as its infrastructure, storage capacity, market reforms, and easy market access for private firms to actively participate in the energy market.

scholarly journals Geopolitical Dynamics of the Persian Gulf and Central Asia in the US Global Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Enayatollah Yazdani
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The demise of the Soviet Union and the end of the bipolar system affected the geopolitics of the glob. One of the main features of the new world system is the importance of the world economy; accordingly, any power that dominates the Persian Gulf, with its enormous energy resources, would dominate the world. Yet, Central Asia, with its energy resources and strategic location, has attracted the powers attention. Under the new circumstances, the United States has tried to play an influential role in both regions. Here the main question is: which region is more important in US foreign policy, the Persian Gulf, or Central Asia? The paper concludes although Central Asia has a special role in US global policy, particularly after the 9/11 events, the Persian Gulf, for its greater amount of energy and crucial geopolitical position, as a new “heartland” or “center of the center” contains long-identified vital US national interests and security more than any other region.

scholarly journals The volatility of natural gas prices - Structural shocks and influencing factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Stajic ◽  
B. Đorđević ◽  
S. Ilić ◽  
D. Brkić
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Structural Shocks ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Gas Prices ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Market

The paper examines the primary drivers and factors influencing the volatility of natural gas prices in the world from January 2007 to July 2020. In addition to the narrow dependence between crude oil and natural gas prices, the influence of renewable energy production and coal production on the price of natural gas has been studied. For that purpose, the method of multiple linear regression was used. The results show that the volatility of natural gas prices significantly depends on the type of the shock in the natural gas market, and that the total production of energy from renewable sources, production of coal and natural gas and the price of crude oil have a significant impact on the price of gas.

scholarly journals Energy resources and importance of Turkish states in the context of globalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solmaz Mukhtarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
Military Friendly ◽  
Growing Population

The Turkish Republics of the Caspian region have maintained their importance throughout history and are still important for a variety of reasons. Always having strategic importance, this region is sometimes commercially military-friendly. At present, the world is on the agenda thanks to rich oil and natural gas reserves, and has not been stable for many years. The search for alternative hydrocarbon resources is to meet the growing population in the world today and thus meet growing energy needs. In this case, the countries of the Caspian region have become the countries attracting attention to the rich energy resources of Western energy and global energy companies.

Russia's New Role in Central Asia

Asian Survey ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Buszynski
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Vladimir Putin

During the Yeltsin era, Russian interest in Central Asia lapsed. Under Vladimir Putin, Russia has moved to strengthen its role in the region because of Islamic fundamentalism, fear of displacement by America, and the presence of oil and natural gas reserves. The problem is that Putin has relied upon local authoritarian leaders for influence, which exposes Russia to regional political change.

A Glance at Persian, European, and Russian Historical Sources on the Manghit Dynasty in the 19th Century

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Qajar Period ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
The 19Th Century

Historians confront numerous difficulties while doing research on Central Asia, particularly concerning the contemporary period. Historical developments in the relations between Iran and Central Asia, especially following the rise of the Soviet Union, have led to the creation of high walls separating Iran from those countries, and have made research and information exchange impossible. Historical sources for this period are scarce and inaccessible, and researchers cannot easily access the little that exists in the form of manuscripts kept in the archives of Iranian libraries. Moreover, the writers of the Qajar period have dealt with only a very small sample of the events that took place in that part of the world, and then mostly with those occurring along the Iranian borders. Thus, they reveal little about developments inside Transoxiana.

scholarly journals Major Utilization of Natural Gas in Turkey

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Mahmut Kilic
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Western Market ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Consumption

The aim of this paper is the major utilization of natural gas in Turkey. Turkey is rapidly growing in terms of both its economy and population due to its demand for energy. In the new world energy order, gas usage with no doubt will continue to grow well into the 21st century. Natural gas has been available for Turkish consumption for 17 years. Its use expanded sharply after the signing of the first sales and purchase agreement with the former Soviet Union in 1986. Turkish natural gas usage is projected to increase remarkably in coming years, with the prime consumers, expected to be industry and power plants. Energy demand of Turkey is growing by 8% annually, one of the highest rates in the world. In addition, natural gas consumption is the fastest growing primary energy source in Turkey. Gas sales started at 0.5 bcm (billion cubic meters), in 1987 and reached approximately 22 bcm in 2003. Turkey is an important candidate to be the “energy corridor” in the transmission of the abundant oil and natural gas resources of the Middle East and Middle Asia countries to the Western market.

Prospects for energy cooperation in the Caspian Sea

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gawdat Bahgat
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Persian Gulf

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in late 1991, the Caspian Sea region has been seen as a potential major oil and natural gas reservoir. For more than a decade, the five nations that share the Caspian—Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan—have sought to develop the basin’s hydrocarbon resources. This paper provides an assessment of these resources and examines two major hurdles: lack of consensus on the legal status of the Caspian and disagreement of the most cost effective pipeline routes. It argues that oil and natural gas from the Caspian is certain to contribute to global energy security. However, the Caspian Sea should not be seen as a replacement to the Persian Gulf.

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