Effect of Immobilization on Changes in Blood Glucose and Cholesterol Concentration in the Examined Mice – Preliminary Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Iwona Stanisławska ◽  
Marek Łyp
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Energy Mobilization ◽  
Lower Glucose ◽  
Energetic Metabolites

Introduction: Immobilization in animals may be an analogue of strong neurogenic stress in humans, in which an adaptive reaction aimed at energy mobilization of the system seems seemingly insignificant. The animal does not move, so it does not lose energy. However, there is an energy mobilization of the organism in which most regulatory organs and systems participate. Aim: To assess the extent of possible changes in glucose and plasma cholesterol concentration in mice subjected to immobilization. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 40 female Swiss mice at the age of 12 weeks unselected and selected for a high rate of weight gain. Plasma concentrations of glucose and total cholesterol were determined. Results: Immobilization caused a significant reduction in glucose concentration (83%) and a significant increase in cholesterol (121%) in the plasma of mice selected in comparison to the control group. [From the analysis of multidirectional variance the significance of statistically confirmed differences induced by selection was revealed in relation to glucose [F = 21.81] and plasma cholesterol [F = 45.63]. Conclusions: The selection for high body weight had a significant effect on the level of the examined indicators. This may indicate that selected mice obtained greater protein gain in the form of larger body increases, with lower glucose levels, were forced to work more economically at the cellular level, managing their structural and energetic metabolites more carefully.

Effect of uremia on HDL composition, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis in wild-type mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. F1325-F1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Bang ◽  
Susanne Bro ◽  
Emil D. Bartels ◽  
Tanja X. Pedersen ◽  
Lars B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Amyloid A

Wild-type mice normally do not develop atherosclerosis, unless fed cholic acid. Uremia is proinflammatory and increases atherosclerosis 6- to 10-fold in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. This study examined the effect of uremia on lipoproteins, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis in wild-type C57BL/6J mice. Uremia was induced by nephrectomy (NX) and increased plasma urea and creatinine concentrations 2.5- to 4.5-fold; control mice were sham operated. After NX, mice were fed a Western-type diet or the same diet with 0.5% cholic acid. Cholic acid-fed NX mice did not thrive and were killed. In NX mice fed the Western-type diet ( n = 7), the total plasma cholesterol concentration was similar to that in sham mice ( n = 11), but on gel filtration the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was increased. HDL from NX mice contained more serum amyloid A and triglycerides and less cholesterol than HDL from sham mice. Plasma concentrations of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 and aortic mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 did not differ between NX and sham mice. Twenty-six weeks after NX, the average oil red O-stained area of the aortic root was similar in NX and sham mice fed the Western-type diet, while it was increased in cholic acid-fed sham mice. The results suggest that moderate uremia neither induces aortic inflammation nor atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J mice despite increased LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio and altered HDL composition.

scholarly journals A 3-month, double-blind, controlled trial of feeding with sucrose polyester in human volunteers

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Kelly ◽  
Maria Shorthouse ◽  
Josephine C. Cotterell ◽  
Alex M. Riordan ◽  
Alison J. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Federal Drug Administration ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Sucrose Polyester

Sucrose polyester (SPE) is a tasteless, odourless substance which reduces plasma cholesterol concentrations and may therefore be valuable as a fat substitute in human foodstuffs. It has recently been approved for use in snack foods by the United States Federal Drug Administration. The current study was designed to investigate its effects on gastrointestinal physiology and nutrient absorption in human subjects. A 6-month (2×3-month periods) double-blind, lacebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over trial of SPE and control fat was performed in healthy free-living volunteers. Subjects consumed 20–40 g of SPE daily (mean 26·8 (se 6·8) g) which reduced the intake of total and saturated fat but had no effect on energy intake or body weight. Plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerols were reduced. The frequency of bowel movements and their urgency were increased and anal leakage occured in 7·2% of subjects. Abdominal pain was more frequent in subjects receiving SPE and was significantly greater than in the control group after 8 weeks feeding. The plasma concentrations of vitamin E and six carotenoids were significantly reduced. Routine haematology and biochemistry, other vitamins, intestinal biopsies, bile-salt retention, rectal prostaglandins, fractional Ca absorption and aminopyrine metabolism were unaffected. The ingestion of foods containing 20–40 g SPE daily provoked significant gastro-intestinal problems. This intake is greater than that to be expected from the use of SPE in savoury snack foods, for which it has been approved by the United States Federal Drug Administration. However, the favourable effects on lipid profiles must be balanced against the reduction in the concentrations of vitamins and carotenoids, as these compounds may have beneficial effects on health through protection from free-radical oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Lack of effect on blood lipid and calcium concentrations of young men on changing from white to wholemeal bread

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Heaton ◽  
A. P. Manning ◽  
M. Hartog
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Wholemeal Bread ◽  
Blood Lipid Levels

1. When nineteen ‘free-living’ male students, who normally ate 231 (SEM 14) g white bread/d changed to wholemeal bread for a 19-week period, there was no significant change in body-weight, plasma cholesterol or plasma triglyceride levels. These values, as well as plasma concentrations of calcium, phosphate, urate and haemoglobin, remained essentially the same as those for a control group.2. Increasing the wheat-fibre intake by eating wholemeal bread is not an effective method for reducing blood lipid levels, at least in healthy young men with a moderate bread intake.

scholarly journals Dietary flaxseed lignan extract lowers plasma cholesterol and glucose concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic subjects

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiaobing Wang ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Haimei Tian ◽  
Brent Flickinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Glucose Levels

Lignans, derived from flaxseed, are phyto-oestrogens being increasingly studied for their health benefits. An 8-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in fifty-five hypercholesterolaemic subjects, using treatments of 0 (placebo), 300 or 600 mg/d of dietary secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) from flaxseed extract to determine the effect on plasma lipids and fasting glucose levels. Significant treatment effects were achieved (P < 0·05 to < 0·001) for the decrease of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose concentrations, as well as their percentage decrease from baseline. At weeks 6 and 8 in the 600 mg SDG group, the decreases of TC and LDL-C concentrations were in the range from 22·0 to 24·38 % respectively (allP < 0·005 compared with placebo). For the 300 mg SDG group, only significant differences from baseline were observed for decreases of TC and LDL-C. A substantial effect on lowering concentrations of fasting plasma glucose was also noted in the 600 mg SDG group at weeks 6 and 8, especially in the subjects with baseline glucose concentrations ≥ 5·83 mmol/l (lowered 25·56 and 24·96 %;P = 0·015 andP = 0·012 compared with placebo, respectively). Plasma concentrations of secoisolariciresinol (SECO), enterodiol (ED) and enterolactone were all significantly raised in the groups supplemented with flaxseed lignan. The observed cholesterol-lowering values were correlated with the concentrations of plasma SECO and ED (r0·128–0·302;P < 0·05 to < 0·001). In conclusion, dietary flaxseed lignan extract decreased plasma cholesterol and glucose concentrations in a dose-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Influence of Maternal Factors (Weight, Body Condition, Parity, and Pregnancy Rank) on Plasma Metabolites of Dairy Ewes and Their Lambs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Pesántez-Pacheco ◽  
Ana Heras-Molina ◽  
Laura Torres-Rovira ◽  
María Sanz-Fernández ◽  
Consolación García-Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
The Impact

Pregnancy and lactation are challenging states that affect maternal and lamb health. In Lacaune dairy sheep, we evaluated the impact of parity, pregnancy rank, and body condition on body weight and the condition of ewes and lambs in mid-pregnancy (75 ± 5 d), in late pregnancy (142 ± 4d), and postpartum (52 ± 5d pp). Maternal age was associated with initial decreases, followed by increases, in body weight and condition. After lambing, both mature and maiden ewes lost weight and body condition. Maternal indices of glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism were within physiological values during pregnancy, but postpartum values depended on maternal parity and pregnancy rank, with multiple-pregnant ewes showing a postpartum increase in glucose and maiden sheep a postpartum increase in plasma cholesterol concentration. Male lambs were heavier than female lambs at birth, and lambs born to mothers with higher body condition scores were heavier. Lambs born as singletons were heavier than those born in litters. Maternal age and pregnancy rank did not influence lamb metabolic indicators. Sex affected plasma concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Maternal metabolic indicators showed minimal effects on lamb phenotype. These results suggest that, when appropriately fed, dairy sheep can cover the metabolic demands of pregnancy and milk production, regardless of age and pregnancy rank.

scholarly journals Effects on growth performance, faecal microflora and plasma cholesterol after supplementation of spray-dried metabolite to postweaning rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Loh ◽  
S.W. Chong ◽  
H.L. Foo ◽  
F.L. Law
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spray Dried

A study was conducted to study the effects of feeding a spray-dried metabolite (SDM) produced by <i>Lb. Plantarum</i> I-UL4 in the diets of postweaning rats on growth performance, faecal pH, <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> bacterial and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in the faeces and on plasma cholesterol concentrations. A total of 15 female 4-weeks-old <i>Sprague dawley</i> rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups of diets: basal diet (control), 0.25% SDM and 0.5% SDM diets. Daily feed intake, daily growth rate, blood plasma for total cholesterol concentration and faecal <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> and LAB were measured. The growth rate, total feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and pH were not significantly different (<i>P</i> > 0.05) among all the treatment groups. The faecal <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> counts in the 0.25% and 0.5% groups were significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) lower than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference (<i>P</i> > 0.05) in the LAB counts among all the treatment groups. The plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.05) following the feeding of the metabolite. The control had the highest concentration of cholesterol. However, the 0.5% SDM group had the lowest plasma cholesterol concentration, followed by the 0.25% SDM group.

scholarly journals Cholesterol lowering in pigs through enhanced bacterial bile salt hydrolase activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. De Smet ◽  
P. De Boever ◽  
W. Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The effect of feeding liveLactobacillus reutericells containing active bile salt hydrolase (BSH) on plasma cholesterol levels was studied in pigs. During an experiment lasting 13 weeks, twenty pigs were fed on a high-fat, high-cholesterol, low-fibre diet for the first 10 weeks, and a regular pig diet for the last 3 weeks. One group of animals received, twice daily, 11·25 (SD 0·16) log10colony forming units of the potential probiotic bacteria for 4 weeks (from week 3 until week 7). From week 8 onwards, the treated group was again fed on the same diet as the control group without additions. The total faecalLactobacilluscounts were only significantly higher in the treated pigs during the first 2 weeks ofL. reuterifeeding. Based on limited data, it was suggested that the administeredLactobacillusspecies had caused a temporary shift within the indigenousLactobacilluspopulation rather than permanently colonizing the intestinal tract. The probiotic feeding brought about significant lowering (P≤ 0·05) of total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the treated pigs compared with the control pigs, while no change in HDL-cholesterol concentration was observed. The data for faecal output of neutral sterols and bile salts were highly variable between the animals of each group, yet they indicated an increased output in the treated pigs. Although the blood cholesterol levels went up in both groups during the 3 weeks following theLactobacillusadministration period, significantly lower serum total and LDL-cholesterol levels were observed in the treated pigs. During the final 3 weeks of normalization to the regular diet, cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in both animal groups and the differences in total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations between the groups largely disappeared.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary manganese on antioxidant status, biochemical parameters and thickness of intestinal mucus in laying hens

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Elena Piešová ◽  
Zita Faixová ◽  
Zuzana Maková ◽  
Katarína Venglovská ◽  
Ľubomíra Grešáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Mucus

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different sources of manganese (Mn) on the antioxidant status, some biochemical parameters and thickness of intestinal mucus in laying hens. Ninety-six 20-week-old hens of the Lohman Brown strain were randomly divided into four groups; each group was replicated six times with four hens per replicate. Hens in the control group were fed the basal diet (BD) with natural background Mn level of 45.5 mg/kg feed. For the three experimental groups, the BD was supplemented with 120 mg Mn/kg either from Mn-sulphate or Mn-chelate of protein hydrolysate (Mn-Bioplex) or Mn-chelate of glycine hydrate (Mn-Glycinoplex). After eight weeks of dietary treatment, a tendency towards increasing activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the erythrocytes was observed in all experimental groups. The results showed that inorganic Mn source increased the glutathione peroxidase activity in the hens’ blood (P &lt; 0.05). The intake of Mn-Bioplex resulted in significantly increased total antioxidant status in the plasma of hens in the group (P &lt; 0.05) compared to the control group. The plasma biological antioxidant potential was increased in the treatment groups supplemented with Mn-sulphate (P &lt; 0.01) and Mn-Bioplex (P &lt; 0.05). The total cholesterol concentration was decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in the group fed the diet supplemented with Mn-Glycinoplex, as compared with the control. Moreover, the mucus layer thickness in the jejunum was reduced in the groups of birds fed with the organic form of Mn (P &lt; 0.001, P &lt; 0.05), as well as with the inorganic form of Mn (P &lt; 0.001). These results indicate that the addition of dietary Mn was effective in improving the biological antioxidant potential, decreasing total plasma cholesterol and reducing the thickness of adherent intestinal mucus gel in the jejunum of laying hens.

scholarly journals The protective effect of the aqueous extract of parsley (Petroselinum sativum ) seeds on experimentally – induced oxidative stress in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
K. K. Khudiar ◽  
B. N. Abdullah ◽  
K. A. Al-Mzaien
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group I

In this study, the potential protective effect of aqueous extract of parsley (Petroselinum sativum) seeds against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) – induced oxidative stress in male rats was assessed. Three groups of male albino rats were randomly divided (n=7) and were handled for twenty-eight days as follows: rats in group I served as control; animals in group || were provided with drinking water containing 0.5% H2O2 and those in group III received orally 8 mg/100 gm B.W. of aqueous extract of parsley seeds plus 0.5% H2O2 in drinking water. After four weeks experimental period, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation products (MDA), and decrease in glutathione (GSH) concentrations were observed in plasma, kidney, liver and heart tissues of H2O2 treated animals as compared with the control group. These biomarkers (GSH and MDA) are interrelated and indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) concentration was significantly increased in H2O2 treated rats. By administration of aqueous extract of parsley along with H2O2, plasma and tissue GSH levels were significantly increased while the elevation in MDA level was diminished in plasma and different tissues examined. A decrease in plasma cholesterol concentration was recorded in H2O2 and parsley treated group as compared with the control one and H2O2 treated groups. These results indicate that aqueous extract of parsley have hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effect.

scholarly journals Cholesteringehalt in Eiern und Blut von Federwild (Kurzmitteilung)

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
E. Straková ◽  
F. Vitula ◽  
P. Suchý ◽  
V. Vecerek ◽  
J. Skaloud
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Wild Turkey ◽  
Game Birds ◽  
Common Pheasant ◽  
The Common ◽  
Chukar Partridge

Abstract. Title of the paper: Cholesterol concentration in yolks and blood plasma in five species of game birds (short communication) Cholesterol concentrations were determined in yolks and blood plasma of five significant species of game birds (common partridge, wild turkey, common pheasant, guinea fowl, and chukar partridge). Two yolk samples and one blood plasma sample were collected from 15 female birds of each species. Dimensions, whole egg weight and weights of sheli, yolk, and white were recorded for each egg. Mean blood plasma concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the common partridge (3.44 mmol/1), the wild turkey (3.78 mmol/1), and the common pheasant (3.67 mmol/1) than in the guinea fowl (2.61 mmol/1) and the chukar partridge (2.26 mmol/1). Mean yolk cholesterol concentrations in the wild turkey (1030 mg/100 g), the guinea fowl, and the chukar partridge (both 1010 mg/100 g) were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in the common pheasant (960 mg/100 g) and the common partridge (930 mg/100 g/1). Mean blood plasma cholesterol concentrations exceeded mean yolk concentrations by a 7- to !2fold. Blood plasma cholesterol concentrations were near the lower limit of the normal range for domestic fowl, while yolk concentrations in the game birds were markedly lower than in the domestic chicken.

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