scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SENTENCE SYSTEM BETWEEN SHERPA AND TAMANG LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Dawa Sherpa Ph.D
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Formal Point

Sherpa language is spoken by Sherpas and Tamang language is spoken by Tamangs. Both of these languages fall under Tibeto-Burman language family. The present comparative study between these two languages is qualitative in nature. Data collection for the study was made with purposive interview and conclusion has been drawn. Both language bear resemblance in the sentence structure as subject + object + verb pattern. Both the languages have similarity in sentences meaning as declarative, interrogative, optative, imperative, subjunctive, indicative and exclamatory sentences from the formal point of view. Both the languages have similar simple, compound and complex sentences. These languages differ from Nepali language in grammatical structure. Both the languages do not have sentence congruity in the structure. They seem a grammatical on the basis of number and gender. KEY WORDS: A grammatical, sambhota, Target language, phonological linguistic competence/ linguistic power.

scholarly journals The Translation Analysis In Sentence Patterns Found In The Novel “Buddha”

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
I Made Juliarta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Syntax Analysis ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Tree Diagram ◽  
Sentence Patterns ◽  
Data Source

This study aims to: (i) analyze the tree diagram structure of sentence patterns found in the data source, (ii) analyze the types of translation shifts of sentence patterns in the translation process from source language into target language. The novel entitled “Buddha” is a non-fiction book by Karen Armstrong. It tells about an examination of the life, times, and lasting influence of Siddharta Gautama with core tenets of Buddhism introduced throughout history. This research focuses on The Syntax Analysis and Its Translation Found on Sentence Patterns in the Novel entitled “Buddha”. This study aims at analyzing the tree diagram structure and the types of translation shifts found in the novel entitled “Buddha”. The analysis uses the theory of sentence patterns from Quirk and Greenbaum and the theory of translations shift proposed by Catford. The process of collecting data was started by reading the entire data source to understand the story in the novel entitled “Buddha” and observe the data of sentence patterns that can be taken from the story entitled “Buddha”. In the method of collecting data, the data source was read to find out complex sentences and simple sentence found in the story. The finding of the research is that there are seven sentence patterns that are translated by applying unit shift. The researcher uses the theories to support this research. Those are syntax, types of sentences, sentence pattern, tree diagram, and relevant previous studies. Syntax is stated as one of the branches that focus on the sentence structure. This research study uses theory of translation shift proposed by Catford

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SHERPA AND NEPALI LANGUAGE ON THE BASIS OF CASE

2020 ◽  
pp. 464-468
Author(s):  
Dawa Sherpa
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Case Grammar ◽  
Dative Case ◽  
Case Marker ◽  
Gender System ◽  
Locative Case ◽  
Linguistic Universal

Sherpa language spoken by Sherpas, the inhabitants of Himalayan region, falls on Tibeto-Burman language family. While comparing the case grammar of Sherpa language and Nepali language both have similarly types of case and case marker (Bibhakti). Sherpa Subjective case takes ki suffix as case marker and Nepali case takes [le]. Sherpa objective case takes la suffix as case marker and Nepali case takes [lai]. Instrumental case takes ki/gi] suffix as case marker in sherpa and Nepali case takes le/ ba;ta. Dative case take la: as case marker in Sherpa and Nepali case takes [lai]. Ablative case takes tja:su as case marker in Sherpa and Nepali case takes [ba:ta/ ᵭekhi]. Locative case takes la: as case marker in Sherpa and Nepali case takes [ma] and possessive case takes ki as case marker in Sherpa and Nepali case takes[ ro/ no/ ko]. Sherpa language and Nepali language are similar on the basis of case grammar study. The sentence structure in Sherpa language is different from Nepali language. There is no gender system in this language. Verbs are not changed on the basis of number either. SPECIAL WORDS: Tibeto-Burman, Sambhota Script, Kham, tan, Linguistic Universal.

Kolisi

2020 ◽  
pp. 552-576
Author(s):  
Zelealem Leyew
Keyword(s):  
Main Clause ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Accusative Case ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
And Gender

Kolisi is one of the least-known Ethiopian languages classified under the Central Cushitic (Agäw) language family. It has seven vowels and twenty-five consonants. As a typical Agäw language, the velar nasal /ŋ/, the alveolar affricate /ts/, and the velar fricative /x/ are among the archaic phonemes. Vowel length is not phonemic. Ejective sounds are absent. There are relics of prefix conjugation, but the language chiefly exhibits suffix conjugation. Verbs consist of a stem and agreeing suffixes of person, number, and gender as well as tense and mood. No gender distinction is shown in personal pronouns. Most nouns end in vowels where /-i/ indicates masculine and /-a/ feminine. Plural is marked heterogeneously but the morpheme /-ka/ appears most frequently. Accusative case is marked by the morpheme /-wa/. Kolisi is an SOV language and predominantly head-final. In complex sentences, subordinate clause precedes main clause.

THE GENDER IMPLEMENTATION OF THE “POWER” FRAME IN SHAKESPEARE’S TRAGEDY “MACBETH”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. LOBANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
Historical Text ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article studies the cognitive features of the “power” frame and its gender implementation in the historical tragedy by W. Shakespeare “Macbeth”. Here, the author examines the concepts of “frame” and “gender” in linguistics, studying different approaches to their definition. The relevance of this work is determined by the close attention of the contemporary linguistics to these concepts, as well as their place in the contemporary academic paradigm. The academic affirmation of the “frame” and “gender” concepts designates a new step in understanding the ways and peculiarities of the language interaction, consciousness, and culture, and, consequently, it shows new aspects of the relationship of linguistics with other sciences. Nevertheless, the problems of both frame and gender are not yet fully understood. This study allows describing in detail the essence of the frame “power” and showing its meaning, use, and ways of its gender implementation in fiction, which explains the novelty of this article. The study’s methodology is based on the cognitive-discursive analysis of the text, as well as on an integrative approach to the discourse study, which combines methods of both cognitive and gender linguistics, as well as the discourse analysis. Common research methods were used along with private linguistic methods. The application of cognitive-discursive analysis has significantly increased the depth of understanding of the “power” frame that dominates Shakespeare’s historical tragedy. This historical text presents the central theme of political tragedy: the overthrow of the rightful ruler and the usurpation of power. The motive for the seizure of power forms a thematic core and is presented from the usurpers’ point of view. In this article, the author observes the gender shift and duality of the female and male beginnings: Shakespeare puts the female protagonist, hungry for power, among men, thus the images of Lady Macbeth and her husband come into conflict with the gender characteristics attributed to them. The play clearly traces the main idea of Machiavellianism: the goal justifies the means. The results conclude that the “power” frame is the leading one in Lady Macbeth’s monologue, thus setting one of the main themes of this tragedy.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STUDENTS’ PREFERENCES FOR LEARNING ENVIRONMENT ON THE BASIS OF SCHOOL TYPES.

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha D’souza ◽  
Shefali Pandya
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
T Test ◽  
Dominance Test ◽  
Environment Scale ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Descriptive Method

Education is a potent force in developing a child into skilled, effective, productive and law-abiding citizen. It is therefore imperative that the environment for the education of the child is conducive and congenial for his growth and development. The aim of the study was to compare students’ preferences for learning environment on the basis of School Types. The study adopted the descriptive method of the Casual – Comparative type. The sample comprised of 574 standard VIII English medium students from schools. The tools used for the study were Preferred Learning Environment Scale by Fraser (1996) and Hemisphericity Dominance Test by Venkataraman. ANOVA and ‘t’ test was used to compare students’ preference for learning environment on the basis of hemisphericity and gender respectively. The findings are discussed in detail in the paper.

scholarly journals Influence of the socio-economic environment on the entrepreneurs behavior. Cases of cuba and ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 184797902199450
Author(s):  
Reyner Pérez-Campdesuñer ◽  
Gelmar García-Vidal ◽  
Alexander Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
Rodobaldo Martínez-Vivar ◽  
Margarita de Miguel-Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Failure Risk ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Financial Environment

Entrepreneurship is an important part of any economy today regardless of its level of development. However, not in all contexts do entrepreneurs operate in the same way, nor are they motivated by the same factors. This research seeks to identify possible coincidence factors and differences between entrepreneurs that operate in different contexts from the point of view of their historical evolution, the duration of these and the economic and social model applied in the countries. Specifically, a comparative study is carried out between entrepreneurs from the republics of Ecuador and Cuba considering various variables such as: personality characteristics (attitude to failure, risk, perseverance and innovation), use of the available time fund for work in entrepreneurship; Impact of the environment in relation to: government regulations, taxes, level of competition and availability of suppliers, as well as the structure of personal expenses projected in the short and long term that entrepreneurs assume as a stimulus for their actions. For the development of the study, a description of the behavior of the variables was initially made and later, by hypothesis testing, to verify differences and similarities between both populations. The study allowed us to identify common and divergent aspects between both populations analyzed. Similarly, it showed how differences in the administrative and financial environment in which entrepreneurs operate generate changes in their priorities and projections.

Translating iconicities of classical Chinese poetry

Semiotica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (224) ◽  
pp. 19-44
Author(s):  
Guangxu Zhao ◽  
Luise von Flotow
Keyword(s):  
Ezra Pound ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Chinese Poetry ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
Amy Lowell ◽  
Classical Chinese ◽  
Classical Chinese Poetry ◽  
History Of

Abstract In the history of translating classical Chinese poetry, there are two kinds of translators. The first kind translate classical Chinese poetry “by way of intellectual, directional devices” (Yip, Wai-lim. 1969. Ezra Pound’s Cathay. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press: 16). What these translators are concerned with most is the coherence of their translations. They give little attention to the ideogrammic nature of Chinese characters. I call them traditional translators. These translators include those in the history of translating classical Chinese poetry from its beginning to the first decade of the twentieth century, although there are still some who translate classical Chinese poetry in this way later. The second kind of translator is highly interested in the images created by ideogrammic Chinese characters and tries to convey them in target language. We call them modernist translators. These translators are represented by some American modernist poets such as Ezra Pound, Amy Lowell, Florence Ayscough, etc. From the point of view of iconicity, modernist translators’ contribution lies in their concern with the iconic characteristics of Chinese characters. But they did not give enough attention to syntactical iconicity and textual iconicity in classical Chinese poetry.

Demolition Versus Deconstruction: Impacts of Fenestration Disposal in Building Renovation Projects

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Soofia Tahira Elias-Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Similar Construction ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Material Energy

This paper presents findings of a comparative study on the removal and disposal of fenestration units in two separate buildings, belonging to the same period and built with similar construction materials. Demolition techniques were used for removing the fenestration units from a building that was undergoing refurbishment; while, deconstruction techniques were used for dismantling similar units from another building that was being selectively demolished. It was concluded that the amount of energy consumed, time taken and waste generated, were far greater, and the revenues much lower, when conventional demolition techniques and tools were used. Hence, from the point of view of resource conservation (material, energy, time, and money) deconstruction was found to be more advantageous in the disposal of reusable building components.

Knowledge of the Polish language and the right to practice as a medical doctor. Notes on the margin of administrative court decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(24) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Michał Bartoszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Professional Preparation ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Administrative Courts ◽  
The Right

The article deals with standards of professional preparation of doctors in the scope of speaking and writing Polish. The thesis of the article is that this requirement is one of the elements of professional preparation which is not limited to knowledge but includes specific skills. Defining the threshold of minimum linguistic competence is a subtle matter. The study draws attention to the necessity of pragmatic approach to these requirements to the extent necessary to practice as a doctor or dentist. From the point of view of the doctor’s rights, a lot depends on the procedure of verifying the command of Polish language. Therefore, attention was paid to the jurisprudence of administrative courts in this area.

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