DO PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES SERVE AS DIAGNOSTIC OR PROGNOSTIC INDICATORS FOR TUMOR TYPE, STAGE, SIZE, STANDARDIZED UPTAKE VALUE, AND LYMPHOVASCULAR INVASION IN LUNG CANCER?

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Nilgün Kanlıoğlu Kuman ◽  
Leyla Didem Kozacı ◽  
Serdar Şen ◽  
Ekrem Şentürk ◽  
Salih Çokpınar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lymphovascular Invasion ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Histological Type ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Type Size

Objectives: The number of human studies on the association and clinical signicance of alterations in IL-6, sP-Selectin, TNF-α, BNP-32, or procalcitonin (PCT) in lung cancer is small. We aimed to investigate the alterations of proinammatory cytokines and acute-phase reactants in blood and pleural uid and determine their clinical diagnostic or prognostic signicances regarding tumor type, stage, size, standardized uptake value (SUV), and lymphovascular invasion (LVI). Methods: Levels of IL-6, TNF-α, BNP-32, PCT, and sP-selectin were evaluated in blood samples st th st th th obtained preoperatively and postoperatively on 1 , 6 hours and 1 , 4 , and seven days. They also were evaluated in pleural st uid samples obtained postoperatively on 1 hour, and rst and fourth days. These results were analyzed according to the cell type, size, stage, SUV, and LVI of lung cancer. IL-6 values in plasma and pleural uid had Results: various signicant relationships and correlations with histological type, diameter, SUV, stage, and LVI of the tumor. TNF-α values in plasma or pleural uid had signicant relationships with LVI only. PCT values in plasma or pleural uid had signicant relationships with the tumor's diameter, SUV, and LVI. BNP-32 values in plasma or pleural uid had signicant relationships with histological type and SUV of the tumor. sP-Selectin values in plasma or pleural uid had signicant relationships with the stage and SUV of the tumor. We determined various signicant associations and correlations of proinammatory cytokines wi Conclusions: th histological type, size, stage, LVI, and SUV of lung cancer. Studies on this subject would serve to develop diagnostic and prognostic methods in lung cancers.

scholarly journals A Six-Month Study of Pulmonary Cancer in Albanian Women

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jolanda Nikolla ◽  
Milda Nanushi ◽  
Gentian Vyshka ◽  
Hasan Hafizi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Status ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Histological Type ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Pulmonary Cancer ◽  
Short Time

Lung cancer is a potentially lethal disease, whose prevalence in Albania is constantly increasing, especially in women. Early diagnosis is extremely important with regard to life expectancy and quality. The authors conducted a survey on the behaviour in a sample group of Albanian women diagnosed with primary and secondary lung cancers. A discussion upon diagnostic methods, smoking habits, histological type, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), and treatment modalities is made. The data collected by the authors suggest that nonsmokers formed the main group of lung cancer female patients. The most frequent histological type was adenocarcinoma. Mesothelioma was the most frequent of the secondary pulmonary lung cancers, followed from metastasizing breast cancer. Despite a generally good performance of the cases, the diagnosis of pulmonary cancer is delayed. The data collected could not find a convincing etiological role of tobacco smoking, but caution is needed, regarding the short time length of the study and the sustained number of participants.

scholarly journals XPC-Related Protection Against Carcinogen-Induced Lung Adenocarcinoma is Independent of Lung Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Lamb ◽  
Huaxin Zhou ◽  
Patricia Smith ◽  
Catherine R. Sears, M.D.
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Lung Carcinogenesis ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
Develop Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Tnf Α

Background and Hypothesis: Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure causes lung cancer, with both DNA damage and local inflammation playing a critical role in development. Our previous research links the DNA repair protein Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group C (XPC) with protection against lung cancer in CS- and carcinogen-exposed mouse models. In mice (XPC-deficient and wild-type [WT] littermates) exposed to continuous CS for 9 months, neither XPC-deficient nor WT mice develop lung cancer. XPC-deficient but not WT mice exposed to 5 months CS + 4 months air control (AC) (recovery model) develop lung cancer. In a direct carcinogen model, XPC-deficiency accelerates NTCU lung squamous cell development. Our hypothesis is that lung cancers in XPC-deficient mice are independent of treatment alterations in BAL inflammation. Experimental Design or Project Methods: Acellular bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from the three different mouse CS and carcinogen models were analyzed for the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and TNF-α by a cytometric bead array (BD Biosciences) using a flow cytometer (FACScan) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Raw data (mean fluorescence intensity) was analyzed by BD CBA Software. Statistical comparisons were by ANOVA, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: All measured cytokine levels were low or undetectable in BAL from AC and CS mice, with no significant XPC genotype or treatment-related changes in the measured cytokines. Differences were observed in TNF-α and IL-6 between continuous and recovery CS models independent of treatment or genotype. NTCU caused a significant increase in BAL IL-6 independent of genotype. IL-17a was elevated in NTCU-treated mice that developed lung squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion and Potential Impact: The XPC genotypic variation seen in lung carcinogenesis appears to be independent of BAL cytokines, suggesting that the variation is due to DNA damage rather than differences in local inflammation. Further mechanistic investigations will focus on DNA damage and repair as drivers of XPC-deficient lung cancers.  

Clinical and radiological features of advanced RET-rearranged lung cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23104-e23104
Author(s):  
Masafumi Saiki ◽  
Fumiyoshi Ohyanagi ◽  
Ryo Ariyasu ◽  
Junji Koyama ◽  
Tomoaki Sonoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Primary Lesion ◽  
Fusion Partner ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Median Size

e23104 Background: RET fusion gene was found in 1–2% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Most of the reports published so far investigated only surgical specimens, and details of advanced tumors were unknown. This study explored the clinical and radiological characteristics of RET-rearranged lung cancers in advanced stages. Methods: Among 1,074 advanced NSCLC patients who were treated at The Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, from 2012 to 2016, 14 cases (14/1,074 = 1.3%) were treated as RET- rearranged lung cancer. The cases were identified by FISH and / or by RT-PCR (FISH 3, RT-PCR 2, FISH and RT-PCR 8, unknown 1). The fusion partner genes included KIF5B (n = 10), CCDC6 (n = 1). Three were unknown. The tumor size, location, and shape/margins of the primary tumor as well as lymphadenopathy and site of metastasis were recorded based on computed tomography (CT) images taken right before the initial chemotherapy. Results: The median age of the 14 patients was 64 years (range, 34–79), with 10 patients (71%) over 60 years old. Nine patients (64%) were women, whereas 10 patients (71%) were never smokers. Eight patients were classified as stage IV and 6 underwent recurrence after surgery. We successfully evaluated CT images at the initial chemotherapy of 12 patients. Of the 7 patients whose primary lesions were detectable, all were located peripherally and were of a solid tumor type without ground-glass, air bronchograms, or cavitation. The median size of the primary lesion was 3.0 cm (range, 1.2–6.8), and 3 lesions were less than 3.0 cm. Only 5 patients had lymphadenopathy (4 were of Stage IV, 1 was a recurrence), most of which were isolated with a median size of 1.5 cm (range, 1.2–3.5). The sites of distant metastases included 8 pleural disseminations, 5 lungs, 5 bones, 3 livers, 2 brains, and 0 adrenals. Conclusions: Advanced RET-rearranged lung cancer manifested as a relatively small and peripherally located solid primary lesion with isolated lymphadenopathy. Pleural dissemination was frequently observed, whereas brain metastasis was less frequent. These features differ from EGFR-mutated or ALK-fused lung cancers.

scholarly journals Translational value of IDH1 and DNA methylation biomarkers in diagnosing lung cancers: a novel diagnostic panel of stage and histology-specificity

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruochuan Zang ◽  
Xinfeng Wang ◽  
Runsen Jin ◽  
Yuanyuan Lei ◽  
Jianbing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Histological Type ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Diagnostic Panel

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and the timely and serial assessment of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in high-risk populations remains a challenge. Furthermore, testing a single biomarker for the diagnosis of lung cancers is of relatively low effectiveness. Thus, a stronger diagnostic combination of blood biomarkers is needed to improve the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The blood levels of individual biomarkers [IDH1, DNA methylation of short stature homeobox 2 gene (SHOX2), and prostaglandin E receptor 4 gene (PTGER4)] were measured and statistically analyzed in samples from healthy controls and patients with lung cancer. In total, 221 candidates were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups for the training and validation of a diagnostic panel. Additionally, a subgroup analysis was performed in the whole cohort. Results A newly combined 3-marker diagnostic model for lung cancers was established and validated with area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.835 to 0.905 in independent groups showing significantly stronger diagnostic value compared with a single tested biomarker. The sensitivity of the diagnostic model was as high as 86.1% and 80.0% in the training and validation sets, respectively. Although no apparent differences were found between the 3-marker and 2-marker models, the high clinical T-stage and histological type specificity of IDH1 and two other methylated DNA biomarkers were demonstrated in the subgroup analysis. Conclusions The combination of single biomarkers with high stage-specificity and histological type specificity (SHOX2 and PTGER4 DNA methylation and IDH1) showed better diagnostic performance in the detection of lung cancers compared with single marker assessment. A greater clinical utility of the panel may be developed by adding demographic/epidemiologic characteristics.

Enhancing 18F-FDG-PET/CT analysis in lung cancer patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (06) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kapfhammer ◽  
T. Winkens ◽  
T. Lesser ◽  
A. Reissig ◽  
M. Steinert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Image Fusion ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Peripheral Lung ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Tumour Infiltration

SummaryAim: To retrospectively evaluate the feasibility and value of CT-CT image fusion to assess the shift of peripheral lung cancers with/-out chest wall infiltration, comparing computed tomography acquisitions in shallow-breathing (SB-CT) and deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH-CT) in patients undergoing FDG-PET/ CT for lung cancer staging. Methods: Image fusion of SB-CT and DIBH-CT was performed with a multimodal workstation used for nuclear medicine fusion imaging. The distance of intrathoracic landmarks and the positional shift of tumours were measured using semitransparent overlay of both CT series. Statistical analyses were adjusted for confounders of tumour infiltration. Cutoff levels were calculated for prediction of no-/infiltration. Results: Lateral pleural recessus and diaphragm showed the largest respiratory excursions. Infiltrating lung cancers showed more limited respiratory shifts than non-infiltrating tumours. A large respiratory tumour-motility accurately predicted non-infiltration. However, the tumour shifts were limited and variable, limiting the accuracy of prediction. Conclusion: This pilot fusion study proved feasible and allowed a simple analysis of the respiratory shifts of peripheral lung tumours using CT-CT image fusion in a PET/CT setting. The calculated cutoffs were useful in predicting the exclusion of chest wall infiltration but did not accurately predict tumour infiltration. This method can provide additional qualitative information in patients with lung cancers with contact to the chest wall but unclear CT evidence of infiltration undergoing PET/CT without the need of additional investigations. Considering the small sample size investigated, further studies are necessary to verify the obtained results.

Drug Combinatorial Therapies for the Treatment of KRAS Mutated Lung Cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 2128-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao He ◽  
Chang Xu ◽  
Zhao Cheng ◽  
Xiaoying Qian ◽  
Lei Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Kras Mutations ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Egfr Tki ◽  
Egfr Tkis

: KRAS is the most common oncogene to be mutated in lung cancer, and therapeutics directly targeting KRAS have proven to be challenging. The mutations of KRAS are associated with poor prognosis, and resistance to both adjuvant therapy and targeted EGFR TKI. EGFR TKIs provide significant clinical benefit for patients whose tumors bear EGFR mutations. However, tumors with KRAS mutations rarely respond to the EGFR TKI therapy. Thus, combination therapy is essential for the treatment of lung cancers with KRAS mutations. EGFR TKI combined with inhibitors of MAPKs, PI3K/mTOR, HDAC, Wee1, PARP, CDK and Hsp90, even miRNAs and immunotherapy, were reviewed. Although the effects of the combination vary, the combined therapeutics are one of the best options at present to treat KRAS mutant lung cancer.

Exhaustive Review on Lung Cancers: Novel Technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 873-883
Author(s):  
Sajad Khan ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Novel Technologies

Background:Lung cancers or (Bronchogenic-Carcinomas) are the disease in certain parts of the lungs in which irresistible multiplication of abnormal cells leads to the inception of a tumor. Lung cancers consisting of two substantial forms based on the microscopic appearance of tumor cells are: Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (NSCLC) (80 to 85%) and Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (SCLC) (15 to 20%).Discussion:Lung cancers are existing luxuriantly across the globe and the most prominent cause of death in advanced countries (USA & UK). There are many causes of lung cancers in which the utmost imperative aspect is the cigarette smoking. During the early stage, there is no perspicuous sign/symptoms but later many symptoms emerge in the infected individual such as insomnia, headache, pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, coughing etc. Lung cancers can be diagnosed in many ways, such as history, physical examination, chest X-rays and biopsy. However, after the diagnosis and confirmation of lung carcinoma, various treatment approaches are existing for curing of cancer in different stages such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immune therapy. Currently, novel techniques merged that revealed advancements in detection and curing of lung cancer in which mainly includes: microarray analysis, gene expression profiling.Conclusion:Consequently, the purpose of the current analysis is to specify and epitomize the novel literature pertaining to the development of cancerous cells in different parts of the lung, various preeminent approaches of prevention, efficient diagnostic procedure, and treatments along with novel technologies for inhibition of cancerous cell growth in advance stages.

Molecular Factors Associated with Pemetrexed Sensitivity According to Histological Type in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 6319-6326 ◽  
Author(s):  
TSUKIHISA YOSHIDA ◽  
TATSURO OKAMOTO ◽  
TOKUJIRO YANO ◽  
KAZUKI TAKADA ◽  
MIKIHIRO KOHNO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Histological Type ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Factors Associated
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