scholarly journals Forgotten academic modernism in the reconstruction of downtown Le Havre by Auguste Perret

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Piotr Szumigała ◽  
Karolina Olenia Szumigała
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Planning Concepts

This paper attempts to present historical architectural and urban structures realized in the style of academic modernism on the example of the reconstruction of Le Havre. The reconstruction of Le Havre is a full-scale depiction of an urban structure in a unified modernist style, combining academic classicism and modernity. After years of experience in urban planning, the image of the reconstruction of Le Havre after the destruction of war is, in the context of contemporary urban planning concepts, an example of holistic urban thinking about urban space.

scholarly journals Geografias e genealogias do planejamento urbano em Belém: elementos da modernidade e produção de desigualdades / Geographies and genealogies of urban planning in Belém: elements of modernity and the production of inequalities

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (55) ◽  
pp. 980-1005
Author(s):  
Tiago Santos
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The City

Considerando a dinâmica e a estrutura urbana de Belém no início do século XXI como expressão da acumulação das intervenções urbanas e das práticas de planejamento e gestão do espaço da cidade, analisa-se a genealogia do planejamento urbano para compreender a produção de um espaço que tem como característica a negação da natureza e a produção da desigualdade entre classes sociais. Nesse aspecto, identificou-se três períodos específicos que produziram impactos significativos na produção do espaço urbano de Belém: o terceiro quarto do século XVIII (1755 – 1777) com as reformas promovidas no período Pombalino na Amazônia, momento de expressão de uma modernidade urbana e arquitetônica; o final do século XIX e a primeira década do século XX (1890 – 1910), momento de ascensão da economia regional a partir da intensificação de atividades extrativas que produziram reformas urbanísticas com tons higienistas e; por fim, o período entre 1940 e 1970, que marcou uma série de propostas de planejamento com viés técnico-burocrático na produção do espaço. Do ponto de vista da metodologia adotada, estabeleceu-se como percurso de pesquisa: i) levantamento bibliográfico de caráter teórico e empírico da temática; ii) levantamento documental acerca das práticas de planejamento e intervenção dos períodos destacados com base em legislação, planos e projetos de cada um dos períodos; iii) coleta de iconografia representativa da época as quais as políticas foram executadas. Apresenta-se como resultados a hipótese de que a narrativa de uma pretensa ausência de planejamento como fator explicativo dos problemas da cidade é um discurso que não tem base na realidade, posto que historicamente é exatamente o oposto que a pesquisa indica, as modalidades de planejamento efetivadas em Belém acentuam problemas como a segregação socioespacial.Palavras-Chave: História, Planejamento Urbano, Modernidade, Belém.AbstractConsidering the dynamics and urban structure of Belém at the beginning of the 21st Century as an expression of the accumulation of urban interventions and planning and management practices of the city, the historical genealogy of urban planning is analyzed as a way of understanding production of a space that has as characteristic the negation of the nature and the production of the inequality between social classes. In this aspect, three specific periods were identified that produced significant impacts on the production of the urban space of Belém: the third quarter of the seventeenth century (1755 - 1777) with the reforms promoted in the Pombaline period in the Amazon, a time of expression of an urban and architectural design; the end of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth century (1890 - 1910), a time of great rise of the regional economy from the intensification of extractive activities that produced urban reforms with hygienic tones; and finally, the period between 1940 and 1970, which marked a series of planning proposals with a bureaucratic technical aproach in the production of space in Belém. This work established as following research methodology: i) survey bibliographical of theoretical and empirical character of the analyzed subject; ii) documentary survey of the planning and intervention practices of the highlighted periods based on municipal, state and federal legislation, as well as the master plans and development plans of the periods; iii) collection of iconography representative of the time to which the policies were executed in the urban space. The hypothesis is that the narrative of a supposed absence of planning as a factor of the city's problems is a discourse that has no basis in reality, since historically it is exactly the opposite that the research indicates, that is, the modalities in Belém accentuate problems such as socio-spatial segregation.Keywords: History, Urban Planning, Modernity, Belém.

scholarly journals THE CREATIVE WORK BY BIRUTĖ PALUKAITYTĖ-KASPERAVIČIENĖ, ONE OF THE FIRST LITHUANIAN URBAN PLANNERS / BIRUTĖS PALUKAITYTĖS-KASPERAVIČIENĖS, VIENOS PIRMŲJŲ LIETUVOS URBANISČIŲ, KŪRYBINĖS VEIKLOS PALIKIMAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Lakštauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Urban Structures

The article presents Birutė Palukaitytė-Kasperavičienė, one of the first urban planners in Lithuania. The article discloses the implemented projects by the urban planner, which received the letters of honor and different awards by the Soviet government. The peculiarities of urban structures created by this author are examined. The works by the urban planner are disclosed in the context of architecture and urban planning trends that prevailed in the Soviet period. A question is raised whether today, when discussions on the Soviet heritage conservation take place, we can identify the author’s work as a valuable feature of urban structure? Pristatoma Birutė Kasperavičienė – viena pirmųjų Lietuvos urbanisčių. Straipsnyje pateikiami įgyvendinti urbanistės projektai, tarybų valdžios įvertinti garbės raštais ir premijomis. Nagrinėjami autorės kurtų urbanistinių struktūrų savitumai. Atskleidžiama urbanistės kūryba tarybiniu laikotarpiu vyravusių architektūros ir miestų planavimo tendencijų kontekste. Keliamas klausimas, ar šiandien, vykstant sovietinio palikimo išsaugojimo diskusijoms, galime identifikuoti autorės kūrybą kaip miesto urbanistinės struktūros vertingąją savybę?

scholarly journals Sustainable urban structures to challenge climate change

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil CREANGA ◽  
Maria DUDA
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
The City

Public spaces within the city in all their form of different types - streets, boulevards, squares, plazas, market places, green areas - are the backbone of cities. Over the centuries buildings defined the shape and quality of public spaces, valorising them in various ways. The post-modern development of urban form generated a great number of “urban spaces”, where there is no longer correspondence between architectural forms and social and political messages: shopping malls and theme parks, inner public spaces, strip developments etc. Urban sprawl accompanied by loss of agricultural/rural land and its impact on the environment are serious concerns for most cities over Europe. To strike the right balance between inner city regeneration, under-use of urban land in the old abandoned sites and the ecological benefits that accompany the new private business initiatives in suburban areas, is one of the major challenges confronting cities in Europe. The paper will analyze the complex relations between architecture and public space, in an attempt to understand how traditional urban structures, public and green spaces, squares and streets, could provide orientation for quality-oriented regeneration. Case in point is Bucharest - capital city of Romania - where aggressive intervention in the urban structure during the 1980s disrupted the fabric of the city. The investigation is oriented towards fundamental questions such as: how to secure and preserve sites that serve as initial points in upgrading processes, how to balance private investment criteria and the quality interests of the urban communities.The major aim is to provide a support for decision making in restoring the fundamental role of public urban space in shaping urban form and supporting community life.

scholarly journals Space Syntax in communication structure of Lublin

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-211
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kocki ◽  
Bartłomiej Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Communication Structure ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The City ◽  
Research Tools

Urban structures of the cities are one of the most complicated structures inthe whole world. It depends on many factors, that continuously change and develop them.Among many research tools which can be helpful in understanding urban structure designing,there is a Space Syntax method. This method of analyzing grid structures provides a lot of information about connectivity and integration of urban space as a research area. This method was used to perform an analysis of the urban tissue of the city of Lublin. Conclusions resulting from those analysis help identify weaknesses and problematic areas on urbanlayout of Lublin, especially related to integration and connectivity of streets and may be used as a basis for further research.

scholarly journals MODERN ARCHITECTURE IN HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT(CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES)

2020 ◽  
pp. 195-203
Author(s):  
N.V. Melnik ◽  
◽  
A.Ye. Demenko ◽  
M. Mirets ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Priority Task ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The City

The article is of a generalizing nature; the authors investigate the problem associated with architectural design in the historical environment. The newly built civilian objects are considered as examples of the organic interaction between “old” and “new” in European cities. The authors’ positions of domestic and foreign professionals regarding the development of the potential of the historical centres of modern cities are considered. In connection with the dynamics of urban growth in the XXI century, the problem of renewal and development of historically established centers arises. Development as a modernization of the historical environment assumes a high-quality level of integration of relevant functions in the unique conditions of authentic urban structures. The cultural aspect of the problem is to solve the main problem of the historical environment -the preservation and protection of the valuable architectural and urban planning heritage. The authors highlight the need for an integrated approach to theproblem and formulation of a development strategy. The experience of Odessa shows the negative results of delay in such matters. Urban space as a living organism presupposes a progressive process of regeneration of both the urban structure and the “tissue” of the city, filling the space and being subordinated to the structure. A scientific approach presupposes discussion, variability and flexibility concerning the protection and development of the historical environment. However, taking into account the whole complex of economic, administrative, and cultural conditions, we can say about two main approaches in relation to the historical architectural environment in Ukraine. One is based on a conservative approach and denies the objects of modern architecture in the historical environment. This approach assumes that a historically formed urban planning formation is an integral urban planning phenomenon and only allows the construction of new objects in historical styles, allows the priority task of restoration and reconstruction of existing objects. Another approach is based on a dialectical approach and allows the introduction into the historical tissue of the city of new objects that meet all progressive achievements of engineering and technology, have modern and current features of the style (stylistic direction). At the same time, an important aspect is the novelty and high aesthetic level of architecture, due to the requirements of modern society. The logic of this approach comes from the very essence ofarchitecture, placed in the classic triad of benefit, strength and beauty. The most important factor that determines the value of the historical core of the city, in particular, the historical centre of Odessa, is the integrity of the historical structure, the interaction of all elements of the architectural complex, and a balanced urban infrastructure. At the same time, the architectural complex consists of objects of different value categories. Some are historical and architectural monuments of the universal, state and local importance. Others are authentic objects of “back-ground” development that contribute to the integrity of the city’s historical tissue. This is the picture that shows a historical accuracy. According to the authors, the scale for determining the objective value of each architectural object in this case is of a relative nature and, to a large extent, in our time is not the primary task of preserving the architectural heritage. The task of an integrated approach to the problem and elaboration of a preservation strategy is a priority task. In recent years, intensive construction has taken place on local fragments of the historical part of the city, which leads to the final destruction of the historical city. In many cases, modern civil engineering works are monotonous and have doubtful cultural qualities, and at the technical level they exacerbate the situation of collapse at the infrastructural level. There is an international, in particular, European experience in solving the problem of the conflict between new and historical in the cities of Germany, Poland, Spain, etc. The destructive cataclysms of the XX century caused great losses to the architectural heritage. The world community has developed norms and rules that allow for a huge number of implementation options in the context of regional features. The problem of a new construction in the historical environment today is not about the question of whether the object is stylized or modernized. The problem is to determine the principles of interaction of the historical environment with new structures, in the degree of “civility” of a new architecture, the ability of the “new” to further develop the potential of urban space.

scholarly journals IMPULSE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES CAUSED BY THE RANGE OF CERTAIN INFRASTRUCTURAL FACTORS. FORMS AND EXPERIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Pavliv A ◽  
◽  
Shuldan L ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

The issue of impulse development of cities caused by different infrastructural factors is considered. It has been determined that rapid development of urban planning structure which occurred over a short period of time can be viewed as an effective urban planning impulse, with the exception of the following conditions, when they: a) did not lead to sustainable results, b) did not solve the basic problems of life support; c) originated from the modernist legacy of total urban planning, which considered the possibility of creating a large urban structure from scratch, based on a one-time master plan). According to the history of their development, urban structures fall into two major categories: evolutionary and impulse-based. Evolutionary category includes the cities which have developed gradually, without any significant spurts from the original core, through the long-term accumulation of complications. While the cities, which fall into the impulse-based category are characterized by a stage of sharp acceleration of development or a kind of a growth spurt, followed by either stabilization or a relative slowdown. Given the task set in this study, this category of the cities was selected as the object of further consideration. Based on the analysis of the source base, four basic factors of historical urban planning have been outlined, which can be considered as impulse factors in the form of clearly expressed changes - infrastructural, demographic, economic, myth-making. Taking Tenochtitlan, Stockholm and Alexandria as the example, the content and functional structure of infrastructural impulse changes have been outlined. By these we mean rethinking of life support systems, which leads to sharp population growth and employment diversification. To become a ‘growth spurt’ factor, such changes must contain a number of special qualities: convenience, accessibility and uniqueness. Convenience is the difference in the use of infrastructural benefits between the locality in which the impulse change takes place and other similar cities. Accessibility means the ability to use (access) the infrastructural benefits by as many residents as possible. While uniqueness stands for a feature or set of infrastructure features that are notably absent in the cities of the competing area.

scholarly journals COMFORT OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Т. Кочеткова ◽  
T. Kochetkova ◽  
Н. Алейникова ◽  
N. Aleinikova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Modern City ◽  
District Center ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Planning Concepts ◽  
The City

The idea of creating a comfortable, truly convenient city for all residents excites the minds of architects and urban planners for hundreds of years. A modern city, both a megalopolis and a district center, should be a comfortable environment in terms of functionality, ecology, aesthetics and safety. The article analyzes the methods for assessing the comfort of the urban environment, considers the parameters of a comprehensive assessment of the urban development complex. Modern urban planning concepts, such as smart development and the program of sustainable development of territories, are considered. A critical approach to modernism and constructivism in urban planning is applied. The analysis of urban planning theories based on the historical and cultural uniqueness of the city, as well as "free spaces" in the modern city is carried out on the example of the cities of Chandigarh (India) and Brasilia (Brazil). The ideas of a new urbanism, the humanization of urban space, the concept of the city for people, not for cars are explored. The possibilities of using the balance of social interests in the organization of the urban landscape are considered. The ratio of functionality and privacy of the urban environment is shown by the example of multi-storey and quarter buildings. The parameters necessary to create a comfortable urban environment are offered.

scholarly journals Urban planning ideas and concepts that influenced the development of New Urbanism movement

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdulsalam Hanash Al-jaberi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
City Planning ◽  
New Urbanism ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Jane Jacobs ◽  
Garden Cities ◽  
Planning Concepts ◽  
The Impact

New Urbanism is an urban planning concept aimed at creation of a comfortable urban space, oriented towards human and environment that satisfies the communication needs of citizens, while retaining function of city as a system of effective  development, distribution and augmentation of resources, as well as the impact upon social structure through creation of conditions for communication between people. An ideal city for the adherers of New Urbanism is the one, where is the streets and public spaces are the center of social activity, and environment is adequate to a person. The article explores the urban planning concepts and ideas of the XX century: garden cities movement of Ebenezer Howard, regionalism of Patrick Geddes and Lewis Mumford, idea of neighborhood and superblock of Clarence Perry and Clarence Stein, impact of urban development practice of Jane Jacobs, Léon Krierm, Kevin Lynch and Donald Appleyard, as well as the factors of emergence of the Congress for the New Urbanism. The author examine the fundamental principles of each concept, their key representatives, as well as legacy or rejection of the ideas by the New Urbanism movement. Overall, the concept of New Urbanism suggests the approach towards city planning that is aimed at creation of comfortable urban environment oriented towards people. The New Urbanism movement is called to lay the foundation for sustainable development of urbanized territories, and establish such city planning principles and rearrangement of urban environment, which would be able to ensure high quality of life without damaging the natural framework.

scholarly journals Discursos da sustentabilidade urbana

1999 ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Acselrad
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Politics ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The One

A noção de sustentabilidade remete antes à lógica das práticas, em que efeitos práticos considerados desejáveis são levados a acontecer, do que ao campo do conhecimento científico, em que os conceitos são construídos para explicar o real. Aplicada ao espaço urbano, a noção de sustentabilidade tem acionado diversas representações para a gestão das cidades, desde a administração de riscos e incertezas ao incremento da “resiliência” – a capacidade adaptativa – das estruturas urbanas. O que parece organizar analiticamente o discurso da “sustentabilidade urbana” seria sua distribuição em dois campos: de um lado, aquele que privilegia uma representação técnica das cidades pela articulação da noção de sustentabilidade urbana aos “modos de gestão dos fluxos de energia e materiais associados ao crescimento urbano”; de outro, aquele que define a insustentabilidade das cidades pela queda da produtividade dos investimentos urbanos, ou seja, pela “incapacidade destes últimos acompanharem o ritmo de crescimento das demandas sociais”, o que coloca em jogo, conseqüentemente, o espaço urbano como território político. Palavras-chave: sustentabilidade; planejamento urbano; política ambiental."Discourses on Urban Sustainability" Abstract : The idea of sustainability recalls the logic of practice, where practical effects viewed as desirable are made to happen, rather than the field of scientific knowledge, where concepts are constructed to explain reality. When applied to urban space, the idea of sustainability has generated different representations and perspectives for managing cities, from the administration of risks and uncertainties to the increase of "resilience" – the adaptive capacity – of urban structures. What seems to organize analytically the discourse of "urban sustainability" is its division into two fields: on the one hand privileging a technical representation of cities by combining the notion of urban sustainability with the "modes of management of the flows of energy and materials associated with urban growth"; on the other hand defining the unsustainability of cities by the drop in productivity of urban investments, that is, by the "incapacity of the latter to keep up with the rate of growth of social demands", which consequently places urban space in jeopardy as a political territory. Keywords: sustainability, urban planning, environmental politics.

scholarly journals The historical aspects of polycentric urban development on the example of Barcelona

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 05039
Author(s):  
Mariya Khasieva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
System Theoretical Approach

The article concerns the problems of implementation of the modern urban planning methods and principles in the context of historical process of urbanization. Network and polycentric urban planning actively developed in 19th century and implied the equal distribution of public facilities and communications, the unification of the urban space with the connecting axes, the integration of transport and engineering infrastructure. The purpose of the article is to consider the urban planning strategies of Barcelona’s renovation of 19th centuries and to define it’s correspondence to the tasks of modern urban development. The relevance of the topic is determined by it’s connection with problems of modern growth-oriented urban structures. The article is based on complex and system theoretical approach. Theoretical analysis of urban planning strategies and urban space development is implemented to reveal the most perspective and progressive tendencies of urban planning, which anticipated the modern principles of urban space formation. The results of the work include the characteristic of polycentric Urban structures on the example of Barcelona, the determination of it’s key features. The review of researches, dedicated to the history of urban planning and the problems of modern urban planning allows to make the conclusions about the advantages of polycentric urban planing and it’s perspectives in future development of the cities.

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