scholarly journals Comparative effect of Rhizophagus irregularis strain on cassava root development and Phosphorus uptake under acidic soils conditions of Walungu territory, Eastern DR Congo.

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 15167-15175
Author(s):  
Adrien Byamungu Ndeko ◽  
Geant Chuma Basimine ◽  
Espoir Mukengere Bagula ◽  
Yannick Mugumaarhahama ◽  
Bintu Nabintu Ndusha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Unsterilized Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Root Abundance ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Objective: In the highlands of South-Kivu province of DR Congo, cassava is grown on marginal land not suitable for other crops. Walungu territory for instance is dominated by acidic soils and has the highest nutrient depletion rate in the country. On such types of soil, nutrient depletion is accompanied by a decrease in the availability of phosphorus and many other nutrients. The use of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) would therefore be an alternative to improve the phosphate nutrition of cassava under different soil conditions. Methodology and results: The experiment reported in the current study was conducted in pots under semi-controlled conditions. Ferrallitic soil from Walungu was used. Soil was sterilized or not and then inoculated with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis (RI) strain. Results showed that inoculation with an exotic AMF strain (Rhizophagus iregularis) has significantly increased root abundance (number of roots) in both sterilized and unsterilized soil and root dry weight in sterilized soil only. However, in unsterilized soil, root dry weight decreased with AMF inoculation. In Walungu acidic soils, P supply could significantly influence the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on root development and root abundance. AMF inoculation has significantly increased the shoot P concentration when P was supplied. In sterilized soil, mycorrhizal inoculation had a depressant effect on soil phosphorus concentration, especially when P was not supplied. Conclusion and application of results: Our results suggest that the introduced Rhizophagus iregularis strain increases P uptake in the rhizospheric soil, especially when phosphorus is not applied to the sterilized or unsterilized soil. The use of the Rhizophagus irregularis strain as a biofertilizer could improve phosphorus nutrition and root development in cassava. Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizae, Rhizophagus irregularis, P uptake, Cassava, Ferrallitic soil

scholarly journals Revegetation of Critical Land with Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) under Various Ameliorants Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Slamet Budi Yuwono ◽  
Alawiyah Alawiyah ◽  
Melya Riniarti ◽  
Dermiyati Dermiyati
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Limestone Soil ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Rehabilitation of post-mining limestone soils is often a challenge due to a lack of nutrients and poor soil humus. The research aims to study the effect of various ameliorants on soil chemical properties, growth, and P uptake of gaharu plant (Aquilaria malaccensis) in post-mining limestone soil for revegetation of critical land. The research was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The treatments were P0 (Control, without ameliorant); P1 (Humic Acid, HA, 4 kg ha-1 ); P2 (Phosphate Rocks, PR, 350 kg ha-1 ); P3 (Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, AMF, 500 spores plant-1 ); P4 (HA+AMF); P5 (PR+AMF); and P6 (HA+PR+AMF). Data were analyzed using ANOVA at 95% confidence level and continued with the LSD test. The use of various types of ameliorants (HA, RP, and AMF) significantly increased root length, root volume, wet and dry weight of roots, shoot wet and dry weight, and P uptake of gaharu tree. The best ameliorant in increasing gaharu tree growth was AMF (P3) treatment, and AMF combined with HA (P4) treatment. Thus, for revegetation of critical land, especially post-mining limestone land, using gaharu tree requires HA and AMF inoculation.

scholarly journals Influence of Rockphosphate on Root Development and Growth of Strawberry Tips Inoculated with Endomycorrhizae

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 663e-663
Author(s):  
Amal P. de Silva ◽  
W. Keith Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Quadratic Relationship ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananasa Duch. `Chandler') tips containing only root initials were inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and were fertilized with rockphosphate levels of 1, 2, 4 and, 6 mg·cm–3 to study root growth and mycorrhizal infection. The addition of rockphosphate at >2 mg·cm–3 decreased mycorrhizal infection. Root dry weight of mycorrhizal strawberry plants increased significantly over the controls with addition of rockphosphate, and mycorrhizal infection significantly decreased the shoot: root ratio. Foliar P levels decreased in mycorrhizal plants fertilized with up to 4 mg·cm–3 of rockphosphate and a quadratic relationship was seen between rockphosphate levels and foliar P. In nonmycorrhizal plants, the highest foliar P level was with rockphosphate at 1 mg·cm–3. The study revealed rockphosphate at 1 to 2 mg·cm–3 is beneficial for greater root growth with mycorrhizal inoculation.

scholarly journals Improved Corn Yields When Humic Acid Extracted from Composted Manure Is Applied to Acid Soils with Phosphorus Fertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Benito H. Purwanto ◽  
Putri Wulandari ◽  
Endang Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Sri N. H. Utami ◽  
Suci Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Physiological Performance ◽  
Nr Activity

Most corn planted on tropical acidic soils suffers substantial yield loss caused by low crop phosphorus (P) uptake. Humic acid is recommended to increase crop P uptake since it is capable of competing with P to be bound to soil adsorption complexes. Humic acid extracted from composted manure (MHA) is a good alternative to humic acid because it is more reactive and has a higher complexation ability compared with leonardite. Therefore, the effectiveness of soil-applied MHA combined with P was evaluated to improve corn yields in acidic soils from the aspect of crop nutrient uptake efficiency and crop physiological performance. Two high-yielding corn cultivars that are highly accepted by Indonesian farmers and resistant to downy mildew disease were subjected to five different types of MHA and P combinations. The amount of P fertilizer was equivalent to 120 mg P2O5 kg−1 soil. The H10P1 produced the most significant result p < 0.05 in terms of total crop dry weight, grain dry weight, and corn yield. The highest efficiency for P uptake in the leaves and grains was found with H10P1 and H5P1, respectively. Although chlorophyll content was not substantially improved, the stomatal apertures 7 weeks after planting (WAP) were significantly increased p < 0.05 with H10P1 and H15P1. The photosynthetic rate and nitrate reductase (NR) activity at 10 WAP were significantly increased p < 0.05 with H5P1 and H10P1, respectively. The results clearly indicated significant increases in the efficiency of crop P uptake and physiological performance for stomatal aperture, photosynthetic rate, and NR activity can highly contribute to higher corn yields.

scholarly journals Genetic Dissection of Phosphorous Uptake and Utilization Efficiency Traits Using GWAS in Mungbean

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1401
Author(s):  
Venkata Ravi Prakash Reddy ◽  
Shouvik Das ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Gyan Prakash Mishra ◽  
Muraleedhar S. Aski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
P Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorous Uptake

Mungbean (Vignaradiata L. Wilczek) is an early maturing legume grown predominantly in Asia for its protein-rich seeds. P deficiency can lead to several physiological disorders which ultimately result in a low grain yield in mungbean. The genetic dissection of PUpE (Puptake efficiency) and PUtE (P utilization efficiency) traits are essential for breeding mungbean varieties with a high P uptake and utilization efficiency. The study involves an association mapping panel consisting of 120 mungbean genotypes which were phenotyped for total dry weight, P concentration, total P uptake, and P utilization efficiency under low P (LP) and normal P (NP) conditions in a hydroponic system. A genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) based genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach was employed to dissect the complexity of PUpE and PUtE traits at the genetic level in mungbean. This has identified 116 SNPs in 61 protein-coding genes and of these, 16 have been found to enhance phosphorous uptake and utilization efficiency in mungbeans. We identified six genes with a high expression (VRADI01G04370, VRADI05G20860, VRADI06G12490, VRADI08G20910, VRADI08G00070 and VRADI09G09030) in root, shoot apical meristem and leaf, indicating their role in the regulation of P uptake and utilization efficiency in mungbean. The SNPs present in three genes have also been validated using a Sanger sequencing approach.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Indigenous Terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Pucuk Gosale (Syzygium Malaccense (L.) Merr & L.M Perry)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Steffani Silferansti Tak ◽  
Irdika Mansur ◽  
Prijanto Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
New Production ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Inoculation Treatment ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Gosale (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry) that belongs to the Myrtaceae family is one of the leading local plant species grown in Halmahera, North Maluku. Some problems in gosale breeding such as limited seed availability, low seed production due to seasonal fruiting and the nature of seeds that can not be stored for a long period (recalcitrant), suggest an alternative new production technique through a vegetative propagation (shoot cutting). Moreover, Improved seedling quality can be attempted by AMF inoculation, in which AMF at shoot cuttings play a role in initiating the formation of adventive roots. This study was conducted for 9 months using completely randomized design (CRD) with indigenous AMF inoculation treatment. The results showed that gosale cuttings that planted with indigenous AMF inoculation were effective at all observed variables. Inoculum AMF inoculated without the addition of host plant Pueria javanica at gosale shoot cuttings suggested the best treatment. The treatment of inoculum AMF from Kusumadehe (M1) obtained the best result in the variable of plant height increase, dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root, root shoot ratio), and seedling quality index. While the treatment of Inoculum AMF from Soakonora revealed the highest result in the variable of plant diameter increase and AMF colonization.Keywords: gosale, shoot cuttings, AMF, Pueraria javanica, West Halmahera

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Chemical Fertilizer Interactions in Pineapple under Field Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Dora Trejo ◽  
Wendy Sangabriel-Conde ◽  
Mayra E. Gavito-Pardo ◽  
Jacob Banuelos
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Chemical Fertilization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Excessive inorganic fertilizers applied to pineapple crops in Mexico cause the progressive degradation and pollution of soils in the short- and long-term, and they also increase production costs. An alternative to reduce excessive fertilization is its partial substitution by nutrition and growth enhancing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The goal of this research was to compare the effect of AMF inoculation combined with different fertilizer doses and full chemical fertilization on pineapple yield variables in a commercial plantation. We used a randomized block design with six treatments: a non-inoculated control with 100% chemical fertilization, and five treatments with AMF inoculation and fertilization doses of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% chemical fertilization. There were four replicates of each treatment containing 30 plants in each experimental unit (plot). We measured the dry weight of the D-leaf 9 months after planting, and the root mycorrhizal colonization percentage, yield, and fruit quality after 18 months. Mycorrhizal inoculation equated to 100% chemical fertilization already when combined with 25% fertilization and surpassed it when combined with 50% fertilization in most of the yield variables measured. The fruit mass and organoleptic variables were significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants with 50% fertilization than in the non-inoculated control and the treatments inoculated with AMF and combined with 0%, 25%, 75%, and 100% of a dose of chemical fertilizer. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi in the field could reduce chemical fertilizer application by 50%, with no yield loss and with improved fruit quality.

scholarly journals Effect of Propagation Tray Design on Early Stage Root Development of Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, and Populus tremuloides 1

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darby McGrath ◽  
Jason Henry ◽  
Ryan Munroe ◽  
Erin Agro
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Red Maple

Abstract This experiment investigated the effect of different plug-tray cell designs on root development of red maple (Acer rubrum), red oak (Quercus rubra), and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings. In April of 2015, seeds of each species were sown into three plug trays with different substrate volumes and grown for 17 weeks. Two trays had permeable walls for air-pruning, one with vertical ribs and one without. The third tray had impermeable plastic cell walls. Harvested seedlings were analyzed for root dry weight, length, volume, surface area and number of deflected roots. Root length per volume was highest in the impermeable-walled tray for red maple and quaking aspen. The total numbers of deflected root systems were higher for all species in the impermeable-walled tray. Seedlings grown in the air-pruning trays had smaller proportions of deflected root masses. Greater substrate volume did not influence root deflection development. The air-pruning tray without vertical ribs had the lowest total number of root masses with misdirected roots and lower proportions of root masses with misdirected roots for all species. These results indicate that improved root architecture in root-air pruning tray designs is achievable in tree propagation; however, vertical plastic structures in air-pruning trays can still cause root deflections. Index words: Deflected roots, air-pruning, seedling, propagation, plugs, root architecture. Species used in the study: red maple (Acer rubrum L.); red oak (Quercus rubra L.); quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.).

Effects of Glyphosate on Growth and the Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Levels of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Cañal Villanueva ◽  
B. Fernandez Muñiz ◽  
R. Sanchez Tames
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Underground System ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Secondary Shoot

Growth and the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured in greenhouse-grown yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. ♯ CYPES), following treatment with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. Herbicide was applied as a foliar spray at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mM. After 2 weeks, growth was inhibited, and chlorosis and leaf apex necrosis were observed. Plant height was reduced, leaf fresh weight was decreased by 40%, and leaf dry weight was slightly affected. Rhizome, tuber, and secondary shoot formation was strongly inhibited, but root development was not affected by glyphosate treatment. With the 10-mM treatment, dry weight of the underground system was reduced by 80%. Chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were decreased by 52 and 54%, respectively, following glyphosate treatment.

scholarly journals   Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on phosphorus efficiency of wheat grown in an Inceptisol of subtropical India

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj-Kumar ◽  
A. Swarup ◽  
A.K. Patra ◽  
J.U. Chandrakala ◽  
K.M. Manjaiah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Utilization

In a phytotron experiment, wheat was grown under two levels of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> [ambient (385 ppm) vs. elevated (650 ppm)], two levels of temperature (ambient vs. ambient +3&deg;C) superimposed with three levels of phosphorus (P) fertilization: 0, 100, and 200% of recommended dose. Various measures of P acquisition and utilization efficiency were estimated at crop maturity. In general, dry matter yields of all plant parts increased under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (EC) and decreased under elevated temperature (ET); however, under concurrently elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature (ECT), root (+36%) and leaf (+14.7%) dry weight increased while stem (&ndash;12.3%) and grain yield (&ndash;17.3%) decreased, leading to a non-significant effect on total biomass yield. Similarly, total P uptake increased under EC and decreased under ET, with an overall increase of 17.4% under ECT, signifying higher P requirements by plants grown thereunder. Although recovery efficiency of applied P fertilizer increased by 27%, any possible benefit of this increase was negated by the reduced physiological P efficiency (PPE) and P utilization efficiency (PUtE) under ECT. Overall, there was ~17% decline in P use efficiency (PUE) (i.e. grain yield/applied P) of wheat under ECT. &nbsp;

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