scholarly journals Improved Corn Yields When Humic Acid Extracted from Composted Manure Is Applied to Acid Soils with Phosphorus Fertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Benito H. Purwanto ◽  
Putri Wulandari ◽  
Endang Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Sri N. H. Utami ◽  
Suci Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Physiological Performance ◽  
Nr Activity

Most corn planted on tropical acidic soils suffers substantial yield loss caused by low crop phosphorus (P) uptake. Humic acid is recommended to increase crop P uptake since it is capable of competing with P to be bound to soil adsorption complexes. Humic acid extracted from composted manure (MHA) is a good alternative to humic acid because it is more reactive and has a higher complexation ability compared with leonardite. Therefore, the effectiveness of soil-applied MHA combined with P was evaluated to improve corn yields in acidic soils from the aspect of crop nutrient uptake efficiency and crop physiological performance. Two high-yielding corn cultivars that are highly accepted by Indonesian farmers and resistant to downy mildew disease were subjected to five different types of MHA and P combinations. The amount of P fertilizer was equivalent to 120 mg P2O5 kg−1 soil. The H10P1 produced the most significant result p < 0.05 in terms of total crop dry weight, grain dry weight, and corn yield. The highest efficiency for P uptake in the leaves and grains was found with H10P1 and H5P1, respectively. Although chlorophyll content was not substantially improved, the stomatal apertures 7 weeks after planting (WAP) were significantly increased p < 0.05 with H10P1 and H15P1. The photosynthetic rate and nitrate reductase (NR) activity at 10 WAP were significantly increased p < 0.05 with H5P1 and H10P1, respectively. The results clearly indicated significant increases in the efficiency of crop P uptake and physiological performance for stomatal aperture, photosynthetic rate, and NR activity can highly contribute to higher corn yields.

Ketersediaan Fosfat, Serapan Fosfat, Dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) Akibat Pemberian Kompos Granul Ela Sagu Dengan Pupuk Fosfat Pada Inceptisols

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maimuna La Habi ◽  
Jeanne Ivone Nendissa ◽  
Dessy Marasabessy ◽  
A. Marthin Kalay
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
P Fertilizer

Inceptisol is a young and newly developed soil so it needs to be optimized for crop cultivation. The aim of this research is to know the availability of soil P, P uptake and corn yield after application of granular composting of sago waste (KGES) together with phosphate fertilizer to Inceptisols soil. The experimental treatment was KGES which consisted of three levels: without KGES, 40 tons KGES ha-1, and 80 tons KGES ha-1, and the use of SP-36 (P) fertilizer consisting of three levels: without P fertilizer, 120 kg P ha-1, and 240 kg P ha-1. The experiment used a complete randomized design with 3 replications. The result of the experiment was analyzed variance and relationship test using interlaced analysis. The results showed that KGES together with phosphate fertilizers could increase soil pH causing phosphate to be available and plant roots could absorb nutrient phosphate well, so that the yield of corn kiln dry weight also increased. The highest yield of dry weight of grains (7.85 tons per ha) was obtained from a combination of 80 tons of KGES ha-1 and 240 kg P ha-1.Keyword: Keywords: Ella Sago, Inseptisols, maize, phosphate

scholarly journals Comparative effect of Rhizophagus irregularis strain on cassava root development and Phosphorus uptake under acidic soils conditions of Walungu territory, Eastern DR Congo.

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 15167-15175
Author(s):  
Adrien Byamungu Ndeko ◽  
Geant Chuma Basimine ◽  
Espoir Mukengere Bagula ◽  
Yannick Mugumaarhahama ◽  
Bintu Nabintu Ndusha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Unsterilized Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Root Abundance ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Objective: In the highlands of South-Kivu province of DR Congo, cassava is grown on marginal land not suitable for other crops. Walungu territory for instance is dominated by acidic soils and has the highest nutrient depletion rate in the country. On such types of soil, nutrient depletion is accompanied by a decrease in the availability of phosphorus and many other nutrients. The use of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) would therefore be an alternative to improve the phosphate nutrition of cassava under different soil conditions. Methodology and results: The experiment reported in the current study was conducted in pots under semi-controlled conditions. Ferrallitic soil from Walungu was used. Soil was sterilized or not and then inoculated with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis (RI) strain. Results showed that inoculation with an exotic AMF strain (Rhizophagus iregularis) has significantly increased root abundance (number of roots) in both sterilized and unsterilized soil and root dry weight in sterilized soil only. However, in unsterilized soil, root dry weight decreased with AMF inoculation. In Walungu acidic soils, P supply could significantly influence the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on root development and root abundance. AMF inoculation has significantly increased the shoot P concentration when P was supplied. In sterilized soil, mycorrhizal inoculation had a depressant effect on soil phosphorus concentration, especially when P was not supplied. Conclusion and application of results: Our results suggest that the introduced Rhizophagus iregularis strain increases P uptake in the rhizospheric soil, especially when phosphorus is not applied to the sterilized or unsterilized soil. The use of the Rhizophagus irregularis strain as a biofertilizer could improve phosphorus nutrition and root development in cassava. Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizae, Rhizophagus irregularis, P uptake, Cassava, Ferrallitic soil

THE EFFECT OF SALINITY OF IRRIGATION WATER AND SPRAYING BY HUMIC ACID IN SOME OF MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
E. K. Al-Fahdawe ◽  
A. A. Al-Sumaidaie ◽  
Y. K. Al-Hadithy
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

A pots experiment was conducted at the Department of Biology/College of Education for Girls/University of Anbar during Autumn season of 2018-2019 to study the effect of the salinity irrigation water and spray by humic acid in some of morphological, physiological, growth and yield traits of wheat cv. IPa. The experiment was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was assigned for irrigation by saline water at four level (S0, S1, S2 and S3), while the second factor was the foliar spraying of humic acid in three level (0.0, 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1). The results showed that there was significant reduction in plant height, vegetative dry weight, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content when the plants were irrigated by saline water approached to 41.09 cm, 0.747 g, 0.849 g plant-1 and 38.67 SPAD, respectively at salinity level of 8.3 ds m-1 compared with the plants which irrigated by fresh water. The total carbohydrates were significantly decreased at the treatment of 8.3 ds m-1 reached 18.71 mg g-1. Spray levels humic acid achieved a significant increase in plant height, dry weight of the vegetative part, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content sprayed at 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1 compared to no sprayed. Nitrogen concentration was significantly increased, while both phosphorus and potassium were decreased in the vegetative parts of wheat as the salinity of irrigation water increased. However, the increase of humic acid levels led to significant increasing in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration.

scholarly journals Genetic Dissection of Phosphorous Uptake and Utilization Efficiency Traits Using GWAS in Mungbean

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1401
Author(s):  
Venkata Ravi Prakash Reddy ◽  
Shouvik Das ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Gyan Prakash Mishra ◽  
Muraleedhar S. Aski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
P Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorous Uptake

Mungbean (Vignaradiata L. Wilczek) is an early maturing legume grown predominantly in Asia for its protein-rich seeds. P deficiency can lead to several physiological disorders which ultimately result in a low grain yield in mungbean. The genetic dissection of PUpE (Puptake efficiency) and PUtE (P utilization efficiency) traits are essential for breeding mungbean varieties with a high P uptake and utilization efficiency. The study involves an association mapping panel consisting of 120 mungbean genotypes which were phenotyped for total dry weight, P concentration, total P uptake, and P utilization efficiency under low P (LP) and normal P (NP) conditions in a hydroponic system. A genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) based genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach was employed to dissect the complexity of PUpE and PUtE traits at the genetic level in mungbean. This has identified 116 SNPs in 61 protein-coding genes and of these, 16 have been found to enhance phosphorous uptake and utilization efficiency in mungbeans. We identified six genes with a high expression (VRADI01G04370, VRADI05G20860, VRADI06G12490, VRADI08G20910, VRADI08G00070 and VRADI09G09030) in root, shoot apical meristem and leaf, indicating their role in the regulation of P uptake and utilization efficiency in mungbean. The SNPs present in three genes have also been validated using a Sanger sequencing approach.

scholarly journals Salt-tolerance screening in Limonium sinuatum varieties with different flower colors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Xu ◽  
Yingli Zhou ◽  
Ping Mi ◽  
Baoshan Wang ◽  
Fang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Whole Plants

AbstractLimonium sinuatum, a member of Plumbaginaceae commonly known as sea lavender, is widely used as dried flower. Five L. sinuatum varieties with different flower colors (White, Blue, Pink, Yellow, and Purple) are found in saline regions and are widely cultivated in gardens. In the current study, we evaluated the salt tolerance of these varieties under 250 mmol/L NaCl (salt-tolerance threshold) treatment to identify the optimal variety suitable for planting in saline lands. After the measurement of the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), contents of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soluble sugars, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), relative water content, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, and osmotic potential of whole plants, the salt-tolerance ability from strongest to weakest is identified as Pink, Yellow, Purple, White, and Blue. Photosynthetic rate was the most reliable and positive indicator of salt tolerance. The density of salt glands showed the greatest increase in Pink under NaCl treatment, indicating that Pink adapts to high-salt levels by enhancing salt gland formation. These results provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale planting of L. sinuatum in saline soils in the future.

scholarly journals Large scale laboratory cultures of Ankistrodesmus gracilis (Reisch) Korsikov (Chlorophyta) and Diaphanosoma biergei Korinek, 1981 (Cladocera)

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
LH. Sipaúba-Tavares ◽  
AML. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Weight Protein ◽  
Low Costs

Large-scale lab culture of Ankistrodesmus gracilis and Diaphanososma birgei were evaluated by studying the biology and biochemical composition of the species and production costs. Ankistrodesmus gracilis presented exponential growth until the 6th day, with approximately 144 x 10(4) cells.mL-1, followed by a sharp decrease to 90 x 10(4) cells.mL-1 (8th day). Algae cells tended to increase again from the 11th day and reached a maximum of 135 x 10(4) cells.mL-1 on the 17th day. D. birgei culture showed exponential growth until the 9th day with 140 x 10² individuals.L-1, and increased again as from the 12th day. Algae A. gracilis and zooplankton D. birgei contain 47 to 70% dry weight protein and over 5% dry weight carbohydrates. The most expensive items in the context of variable costs were labor and electricity. Data suggested that temperature, nutrients, light availability and culture management were determining factors on productivity. Results indicate that NPK (20-5-20) may be used directly as a good alternative for mass cultivation when low costs are taken into account, promoting adequate growth and nutritional value for cultured A. gracilis and D. birgei.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of quinoa cv. ‘Titicaca’ to low salinity conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Luna Morcillo ◽  
Idoia Garmendia
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Moderate Salinity

Abstract Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Will.) is an annual herbaceous Andean plant. In recent years there is a growing interest on it due to its high quality as food, its wide adaptation to agroecological conditions and resistance to different abiotic stresses. In this work, we evaluate the growth pattern of quinoa plants cv. ‘Titicaca’, subjected to different levels of salinity, focusing on leaf production and nutrient content. In this sense, the results have shown that a high concentration of salinity negatively affects the growth of quinoa plants. In fact, plants grown with 200 mM NaCl reduced the photosynthetic rate and levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids in comparison with the rest of the treatments. Likewise, it has been proven how the progressive increase in salinity has negative effects on transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, with significant subsequent reductions in shoot biomass, leaf area and nutrient adquisition, but without a decline in leaf dry weight (DW) production. However, the treatment of 200 mM NaCl demonstrated the best results regarding the water-use efficiency, as well as the number of saline glands. According to our results, the quinoa plant cv. ‘Titicaca’ seems to be tolerant to moderate concentrations of salinity (50–100 mM NaCl). This study could serve as a reference on this little known and cultivated species in the Mediterranean region, since it could become an alternative crop in areas with moderate salinity problems.

scholarly journals Effects of Liming on Dithionate and Oxalate Extractable Aluminium in Acid Soils

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Esther Mwende Muindi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
World Information ◽  
Considerable Work

Liming and phosphorus (P) applications are recommended practices for improving crop production in acid soils of the tropics. Although considerable work has been done to establish liming rates for acid soils in many parts of the world, information on the effects of lime on the forms of aluminium which actively sorb P in such soils is minimal. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted at Waruhiu Farmers Training Centre, Githunguri to evaluate the effect of liming on oxalate and dithionate extractable aluminium in acid soils. Extremely (pH 4.48) and strongly (pH 4.59) acidic soils were evaluated. Four liming (CaO) rates namely 0, 2.2, 5.2 and 7.4 tonnes ha-1 for extremely acidic and 0, 1.4, 3.2, and 4.5 tonnes ha-1 for  strongly acidic soils were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Data collected included: initial soil chemical properties, oxalate (Alo) and dithionate (Ald) aluminium levels. The tested soils had high exchangeable Al (> 2 cmol Al kg-1), Al saturation of (> 20% Al) and low extractable P values (< 15 mg P kg-1 soil). Liming significantly (p=.05) reduced Alo by 70% and 68% in extremely and strongly acidic soils respectively and Ald by 78% in both extremely and strongly acidic soils compared to control. Use of 7.4 tonnes ha-1 of lime in extremely acidic soils and 4.5 tonnes ha-1 of lime in strongly acidic soils significantly (p=.05) reduced both Alo and Ald by > 68% compared to no lime. It was, therefore, concluded that liming contributes to the reduction of soluble Alo and Ald in acid soils of the Kenya highlands leading to increased soluble P availability. Studies are required to provide short and long term optimal liming rates that reduce Alo and Ald without distabilizing availability of other nutrients in field conditions under wide range of acid soils.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF SOME WHEAT GROWTH TRAITS FOR FOR FOLIAR SPRAYING WITH HUMIC AND GLUTAMIC ACID

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baqir & Zeboon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors

A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Unit, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during two winter seasons 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 to study the response of some growth traits for wheat Cv. Al forat to foliar spraying using with humic glutamic acid and acid. A factorial experiment was with in Randomized Complete Block Design applied three replications, it involved two factor ,first factor was glutamic acid with three concentrations (0,250,500) mg L-1, second factor was humic acid with three concentrations (0,1,2) ml L-1, have been sprayed at tillering and flowering stages. The results showed that all the studed growth traits (plant height, ,number of tillers, flag leaf area dry weight for plant , crop growth rate ,relative growth rate and biological yield) were affected  by spraying with humic acid and glutamic acid for two season concentration , 2ml -1 from humic acid was superior on most of studies traits , as for glutamic acid ,plants treated with concentrations 250 and 500 mg L-1 were produced the highest mean for studies traits but without significant difference between them in some traits .The interaction between two factors was significant on most studies growth traits .

Toxicity of reactive red 141 and basic red 14 to algae and waterfleas

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vinitnantharat ◽  
W. Chartthe ◽  
A. Pinisakul
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Cell Counts

Textile wastewater normally has a visible color although it has low concentration. This may affect the aquatic ecosystem. Two dyestuffs, Reactive Red 141 (RR141) and Basic Red14 (BR14) were used as compound models. RR 141 is an anionic dye which has a big molecule whereas BR 14 is a cationic dye and has a small molecule. The target organisms for toxicity test were green algae (Chlorella sp.) and waterfleas (Moina macrocopa). The effect of humic acid on the toxicity of dyestuffs to test organisms was also investigated. From the observation of cell counts, Chlorophyll a and dry weight of algae in the dye solutions for 4 days, it was found that all parameters increased as times increased. This revealed that algae could utilize dyestuffs as a carbon source. However, BR14 gave higher absorbance than RR141 at the wavelength of 430 nm which competed to the Chlorophyll a for algal photosynthesis. This resulted in the 96-h EC50 of BR14 and RR141 to Chlorella sp. were 10.88 and 95.55 mg/L, respectively. As for dye toxicity to waterfleas, the 48-h LC50 of BR14 and RR141 to waterfleas were 4.91 and 18.26 mg/L, respectively. The high toxicity of BR14 to waterfleas related to the small molecule of dye could pass into the cell and was absorbed by organelles of waterfleas. Toxicity of BR14 in humic acid solution to Chlorella sp. showed less toxic than RR141 in humic acid solution. This dues to the negative charge of humic acid could bound with a positive charge of BR14, resulted in low amount of BR14 remaining in the bulk solution. The toxicity of BR14 and RR141 in humic acid solution to waterfleas was increased as humic acid increased. Hence, the proper treatment of textile wastewater to yield low concentration of dyes in the effluent before discharging to the natural water is needed.

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