SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER KAPANG ENDOFIT TP6 DAN TPL2 YANG DIISOLASI DARI TUMBUHAN PESISIR TERONG PUNGO (Solanum sp.)

Endophytic fungi is the one of the types microbes that lives in the plant tissue. The fungus can produce secondary metabolites potential as a source of antimicrobial and anticancer. The objectives of this study was to the exploration of new antibacterial compounds derived from marine endophytic fungi isolated from coastal plant terong pungo (Solanum sp.). Eight isolates of marine endophytic fungi with different morphology were collected. Endophytic fungus TPL2 was the selected isolate based on antagonism test. The growth curve showed the stationary phase of isolate TPL was on the 9th day to 12th day. Crude extract of endophytic fungi TPL2 showed the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with diameter of inhibition zone 4 mm, 6 mm, and 6 mm, respectively for 2 mg extract/well.

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Patents on Endophytic Fungi Related to Secondary Metabolites and Biotransformation Applications

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof6020058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 58 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Daniel Torres-Mendoza ◽

Humberto E. Ortega ◽

Luis Cubilla-Rios

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Metabolite Production ◽

Mammalian Herbivores ◽

Important Group

Endophytic fungi are an important group of microorganisms and one of the least studied. They enhance their host’s resistance against abiotic stress, disease, insects, pathogens and mammalian herbivores by producing secondary metabolites with a wide spectrum of biological activity. Therefore, they could be an alternative source of secondary metabolites for applications in medicine, pharmacy and agriculture. In this review, we analyzed patents related to the production of secondary metabolites and biotransformation processes through endophytic fungi and their fields of application. We examined 245 patents (224 related to secondary metabolite production and 21 for biotransformation). The most patented fungi in the development of these applications belong to the Aspergillus, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Phomopsis genera and cover uses in the biomedicine, agriculture, food, and biotechnology industries.

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Potency of endophytic fungi from Nauclea orientalis L. as antioxidant producer

Journal of Biological Researches ◽

10.23869/bphjbr.27.1.20216 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 34-40

Author(s):

Elisa Nurnawati ◽

Hary Widjajanti ◽

Vivi Hendra Sutandar ◽

Maulida Harwati ◽

Eka Amelia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Host Plant ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Genetic Transfer ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Agent

Nauclea orientalis L. is widely distributed in Indonesia. Secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and saponins are abundant in the bark of N. orientalis L. These compounds have the potential to act as antioxidants. Endophytic fungi, through genetic transfer and coevolution, can produce the same metabolites as their host plant. As a result, understanding the potential of endophytic fungi from N. orientalis L. to produce antioxidant compounds that can be developed is critical. According to the findings of this study, twelve isolates have the potential to produce secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties. Three isolates had high antioxidant activity: DB2 was identified as Aspergillus minisclerotigenes with an IC50 of 21 g/mL containing tannins, terpenes, and flavonoids, AB3 as Colletotrichum perseae with an IC50 of 31 g/mL containing tannins and terpenoids, and AB1 as Diaporthe tulliensis with an IC50 of 48 g/mL containing tannins. The secondary metabolite group has the potential to be developed into an antioxidant agent

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OSMAC Strategy Integrated with Molecular Networking for Accessing Griseofulvin Derivatives from Endophytic Fungi of Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Asteraceae)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26237316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (23) ◽

pp. 7316

Author(s):

Victor F. Farinella ◽

Eunizinis S. Kawafune ◽

Marcelo M. P. Tangerina ◽

Helori V. Domingos ◽

Leticia V. Costa-Lotufo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Culture Media ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Specific Production ◽

Spectrometric Data ◽

Feature Based ◽

The One ◽

Peptone Broth

Three endophytic fungi isolated from Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho (Asteraceae) were cultivated using the one strain many compounds (OSMAC) strategy to evaluate the production of griseofulvin derivatives. Extracts obtained were analyzed by HPLC–MS/MS and the chromatographic and spectrometric data used to elaborate a feature-based molecular network (FBMN) through the GNPS platform. This approach allowed the observation of differences such as medium-specific and strain-specific production of griseofulvin derivatives and variations of cytotoxic activity in most extracts. To evaluate the efficiency of the OSMAC approach allied with FBMN analysis in the prospection of compounds of biotechnological interest, griseofulvin and 7-dechlorogriseofulvin were isolated, and the relative concentrations were estimated in all culture media using HPLC–UV, allowing for the inference of the best strain–medium combinations to maximize its production. Malt extract-peptone broth and Wickerham broth media produced the highest concentrations of both secondary metabolites.

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Analysis of Endophyte Diversity of Rheum palmatum from Different Production Areas in Gansu Province of China and the Association with Secondary Metabolite

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9050978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 978

Author(s):

Dawei Chen ◽

Lingyun Jia ◽

Qinzheng Hou ◽

Xiang Zhao ◽

Kun Sun

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Gansu Province ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

Rheum Palmatum ◽

Microbe Interactions ◽

Production Area ◽

Production Areas

Investigations of the differences in the metabolites of medicinal plants have typically focused on the effects of external environmental factors. However, little is known about the relationship between endophytes diversity and host metabolites. We used high-throughput sequencing methods to compare the endophyte diversity of Rheum palmatum from eight different production areas in Gansu Province of China and to analyze the association between those areas and five secondary metabolites (aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion). The results show that the diversity and OTUs (Operational taxonomic units) abundance of endophytic fungi and bacteria of R. palmatum differed according to production area. Spearman analysis showed that the five secondary metabolites of R. palmatum were positively correlated with the diversity and abundance of endophytic fungi. Comparing both space and environmental differences to determine influences on community structure, VPA analysis revealed that geographic factors explained more difference in community composition of fungal and bacterial endophytes than climate factors. PICRUSt and FUNGuild predictive analysis indicated that metabolites were the primary components of endophytic bacteria in all samples, while the function of endophytic fungi was composed of dominant trophic modes (saprotroph and pathotroph), and relative abundances were different. Our results help elucidate the correlation of plant–microbe interactions and offer pivotal information to reveal the role of endophytes in the production of R. palmatum and its important secondary metabolite.

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Genomic and transcriptomic survey of an endophytic fungus Calcarisporium arbuscula NRRL 3705 and potential overview of its secondary metabolites

10.21203/rs.2.16691/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jintao Cheng ◽

Fei Cao ◽

Xinai Chen ◽

Yongquan Li ◽

Xuming Mao

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Gene Cluster ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Endophytic Fungus ◽

Housekeeping Genes ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Biosynthetic Gene ◽

Biosynthetic Gene Clusters

Abstract Background: Secondary metabolites as natural products from endophytic fungi are important sources of pharmaceuticals. However, there is currently little understanding of endophytic fungi at the omics levels about their potential in secondary metabolites. Calcarisporium arbuscula , an endophytic fungus from the fruit bodies of Russulaceae, produces a variety of secondary metabolites with anti-cancer, anti-nematode and antibiotic activities. A comprehensive survey of the genome and transcriptome of this endophytic fungus will help to understand its capacity to biosynthesize secondary metabolites and will lay the foundation for the development of this precious resource. Results: In this study, we reported the high-quality genome sequence of C. arbuscula NRRL 3705 based on Single Molecule Real-Time sequencing technology. The genome of this fungus is over 45 Mb in size, larger than other typical filamentous fungi, and comprises 10,001 predicted genes, encoding at least 762 secretory-proteins, 386 carbohydrate-active enzymes and 177 P450 enzymes. 398 virulence factors and 228 genes related to pathogen-host interactions were also predicted in this fungus. Moreover , 65 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were revealed, including the gene cluster for the mycotoxin aurovertins. In addition, several gene clusters were predicted to produce mycotoxins, including aflatoxin, alternariol, destruxin, citrinin and isoflavipucine. Notably, two independent gene clusters were shown that are potentially involved in thebiosynthesis of alternariol. Furthermore, RNA-Seq assays showed that only expression of the aurovertin gene cluster is much stronger than expression of the housekeeping genes under laboratory conditions, consistent with the observation that aurovertins are the predominant metabolites. Gene expression of the remaining 64 gene clusters for compound backbone biosynthesis was all lower than expression of the housekeeping genes, which partially explained poor production of other secondary metabolites in this fungus. Conclusions : Our omics data, along with bioinformatics analysis, indicated that C. arbuscula NRRL 3705 contains a large number of biosynthetic gene clusters and has a huge potential to produce a profound number of secondary metabolites. This work also provides the basis for development of endophytic fungi as a new resource of natural products with promising biological activities. Keywords: Endophytic Fungus, Calcarisporium arbuscula , Genome, Transcriptome, Secondary Metabolite

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Diversity of endophytic fungi from the root bark of Syzygium zeylanicum, and the antibacterial activity of fungal extracts, and secondary metabolite

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d221051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Syarifah Syarifah ◽

Elfita Elfita ◽

HARY WIDJAJANTI ◽

ARUM SETIAWAN ◽

ALFIA R. KURNIAWATI

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Root Bark ◽

Fungal Extracts

Abstract. Syarifah, Elfita, Widjajanti H, Setiawan A, Kurniawati AR. 2021. Diversity of endophytic fungi from the root bark of Syzygium zeylanicum, and the antibacterial activity of fungal extracts, and secondary metabolite. Biodiversitas 22: 4572-4582. The decoction of the root bark of Syzygium zeylanicum has been used as traditional medicine, such as for treating pathogenic bacterial infections. Endophytic fungi that live in medicinal plant tissues have a high species diversity and biological activities correlate with their host. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the diversity of endophytic fungi from the root bark of S. zeylanicum and to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi and their secondary metabolites. In this study, we isolate and identify the endophytic fungi from the root bark of S. zeylanicum, continued by screening their antibacterial activity against two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli InaCCB5 and Salmonella thypi ATCC1048 and two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus InaCCB4 and Bacillus subtilis InaCCB1204) by the Kirby-Bauer method. The fungal extract with the highest antibacterial activity proceeded with the isolation and determination of the structure of their bioactive compounds. The isolates were morphologically identified. Isolates that showed strong antibacterial activity were identified by molecular identification. Isolation of bioactive compounds was carried out by chromatographic techniques and the determination of the structure of pure chemical compounds was performed by the spectroscopic analysis. In total, there were 8 isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained from the root bark of S. zeylanicum, namely SZR1 – SZR8. SZR2 isolate has the highest antibacterial activity. Molecular identification through phylogenetic analysis showed that SZR2 isolate had high similarity with Penicillium brefeldianum. Isolation of bioactive compounds from SZR2 produced compound 1 in the form of light yellow crystals which showed strong antibacterial activity against S. typhi, E. coli, and B. subtilis with MIC values of 64 g/mL. Compound 1 was identified as p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, which was also obtained in its host. In conclusion, the endophytic fungus Penicillium brefeldianum produces similar secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity as its host plant.

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Investigation of secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi from Loranthus micranthus Linn. and Citrus jambhiri Lush. for their antioxidant activity

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0035-1565567 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 (16) ◽

Author(s):

NK Ojimba ◽

PM Eze ◽

CC Abba ◽

FBC Okoye ◽

CO Esimone

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Citrus Jambhiri

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Genome sequence of Novosphingobium malaysiense strain MUSC 273T, novel alpha-proteobacterium isolated from intertidal soil

Progress In Microbes & Molecular Biology ◽

10.36877/pmmb.a0000003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hooi-Leng Ser ◽

Wai-Fong Yin ◽

Kok-Gan Chan ◽

Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib ◽

Learn-Han Lee

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Catalase Activity ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Genomic Features

Novosphingobium malaysiense strain MUSC 273T is a recently identified Gram-negative, aerobic alpha-proteobacterium. The strain was isolated from intertidal soil with strong catalase activity. The genome sequence comprises 5,027,021 bp, with 50 tRNA and 3 rRNA genes. Further analysis identified presence of secondary metabolite gene clusters within genome of MUSC 273T. Knowledge of the genomic features of the strain may allow further biotechnological exploitation, particularly for production of secondary metabolites as well as production of industrially important enzymes

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Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867326666190916144709 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (11) ◽

pp. 1836-1854 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Elena Ancheeva ◽

Georgios Daletos ◽

Peter Proksch

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Host Plants ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Cytotoxic Agents ◽

Special Focus ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Direct Production ◽

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽

Fungal Genes

Background: Endophytes represent a complex community of microorganisms colonizing asymptomatically internal tissues of higher plants. Several reports have shown that endophytes enhance the fitness of their host plants by direct production of bioactive secondary metabolites, which are involved in protecting the host against herbivores and pathogenic microbes. In addition, it is increasingly apparent that endophytes are able to biosynthesize medicinally important “phytochemicals”, originally believed to be produced only by their host plants. Objective: The present review provides an overview of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi with pronounced biological activities covering the literature between 2010 and 2017. Special focus is given on studies aiming at exploration of the mode of action of these metabolites towards the discovery of leads from endophytic fungi. Moreover, this review critically evaluates the potential of endophytic fungi as alternative sources of bioactive “plant metabolites”. Results: Over the past few years, several promising lead structures from endophytic fungi have been described in the literature. In this review, 65 metabolites are outlined with pronounced biological activities, primarily as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Some of these metabolites have shown to be highly selective or to possess novel mechanisms of action, which hold great promises as potential drug candidates. Conclusion: Endophytes represent an inexhaustible reservoir of pharmacologically important compounds. Moreover, endophytic fungi could be exploited for the sustainable production of bioactive “plant metabolites” in the future. Towards this aim, further insights into the dynamic endophyte - host plant interactions and origin of endophytic fungal genes would be of utmost importance.

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