scholarly journals Analysis of Endophyte Diversity of Rheum palmatum from Different Production Areas in Gansu Province of China and the Association with Secondary Metabolite

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Dawei Chen ◽  
Lingyun Jia ◽  
Qinzheng Hou ◽  
Xiang Zhao ◽  
Kun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Rheum Palmatum ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Production Areas

Investigations of the differences in the metabolites of medicinal plants have typically focused on the effects of external environmental factors. However, little is known about the relationship between endophytes diversity and host metabolites. We used high-throughput sequencing methods to compare the endophyte diversity of Rheum palmatum from eight different production areas in Gansu Province of China and to analyze the association between those areas and five secondary metabolites (aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion). The results show that the diversity and OTUs (Operational taxonomic units) abundance of endophytic fungi and bacteria of R. palmatum differed according to production area. Spearman analysis showed that the five secondary metabolites of R. palmatum were positively correlated with the diversity and abundance of endophytic fungi. Comparing both space and environmental differences to determine influences on community structure, VPA analysis revealed that geographic factors explained more difference in community composition of fungal and bacterial endophytes than climate factors. PICRUSt and FUNGuild predictive analysis indicated that metabolites were the primary components of endophytic bacteria in all samples, while the function of endophytic fungi was composed of dominant trophic modes (saprotroph and pathotroph), and relative abundances were different. Our results help elucidate the correlation of plant–microbe interactions and offer pivotal information to reveal the role of endophytes in the production of R. palmatum and its important secondary metabolite.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and Chemical Diversity of a Hybrid-Isoprenoid-Producing Streptomycete Lineage

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (22) ◽  
pp. 6894-6902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelley A. Gallagher ◽  
Kristin Rauscher ◽  
Laura Pavan Ioca ◽  
Paul R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Structural Classes

ABSTRACTStreptomycesspecies dedicate a large portion of their genomes to secondary metabolite biosynthesis. A diverse and largely marine-derived lineage within this genus has been designated MAR4 and identified as a prolific source of hybrid isoprenoid (HI) secondary metabolites. These terpenoid-containing compounds are common in nature but rarely observed as bacterial secondary metabolites. To assess the phylogenetic diversity of the MAR4 lineage, complementary culture-based and culture-independent techniques were applied to marine sediment samples collected off the Channel Islands, CA. The results, including those from an analysis of publically available sequence data and strains isolated as part of prior studies, placed 40 new strains in the MAR4 clade, of which 32 originated from marine sources. When combined with sequences cloned from environmental DNA, 28 MAR4 operational taxonomic units (0.01% genetic distance) were identified. Of these, 82% consisted exclusively of either cloned sequences or cultured strains, supporting the complementarity of these two approaches. Chemical analyses of diverse MAR4 strains revealed the production of five different HI structure classes. All 21 MAR4 strains tested produced at least one HI class, with most strains producing from two to four classes. The two major clades within the MAR4 lineage displayed distinct patterns in the structural classes and the number and amount of HIs produced, suggesting a relationship between taxonomy and secondary metabolite production. The production of HI secondary metabolites appears to be a phenotypic trait of the MAR4 lineage, which represents an emerging model with which to study the ecology and evolution of HI biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Patents on Endophytic Fungi Related to Secondary Metabolites and Biotransformation Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Torres-Mendoza ◽  
Humberto E. Ortega ◽  
Luis Cubilla-Rios
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Mammalian Herbivores ◽  
Important Group

Endophytic fungi are an important group of microorganisms and one of the least studied. They enhance their host’s resistance against abiotic stress, disease, insects, pathogens and mammalian herbivores by producing secondary metabolites with a wide spectrum of biological activity. Therefore, they could be an alternative source of secondary metabolites for applications in medicine, pharmacy and agriculture. In this review, we analyzed patents related to the production of secondary metabolites and biotransformation processes through endophytic fungi and their fields of application. We examined 245 patents (224 related to secondary metabolite production and 21 for biotransformation). The most patented fungi in the development of these applications belong to the Aspergillus, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Phomopsis genera and cover uses in the biomedicine, agriculture, food, and biotechnology industries.

scholarly journals Illumina-based analysis yields new insights into the diversity and composition of endophytic fungi in cultivated Huperzia serrata

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242258
Author(s):  
Shipeng Fan ◽  
Liyun Miao ◽  
Haodong Li ◽  
Aihua Lin ◽  
Fajun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Comparative Sequence Analysis ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Huperzia Serrata ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Composition And Structure

Endophytic fungi play an important role in plant growth. The composition and structure of endophytes vary in different plant tissues, which are specific habitats for endophyte colonization. To analyze the diversity and structural composition of endophytic fungi from toothed clubmoss (Huperzia serrata) that was artificially cultivated for 3 years, we investigated endophytic fungi from the roots, stems and leaves using comparative sequence analysis of the ITS2 region of the fungal rRNA genes sequenced with high-throughput sequencing technology. Seven fungal phyla were identified, and fungal diversity and structure varied across different tissues, with the most distinctive community features found in the roots. A total of 555 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, and 198 were common to all samples, and 43, 16, 16 OTUs were unique to the root, stem, leaf samples, respectively. Taxonomic classification showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were dominant phyla, and Cladosporium, Oidiodendron, Phyllosticta, Sebacina and Ilyonectria were dominant genera. The relative abundance heat map at the genus level suggested that H. serrata had characteristic endophytic fungal microbiomes. Line discriminant analysis effect size analysis and principal coordinate analysis demonstrated that fungal communities were tissue-type and tissue-site specific. Overall, our study provides new insights into the complex composition of endophytic fungi in H. serrata.

scholarly journals SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER KAPANG ENDOFIT TP6 DAN TPL2 YANG DIISOLASI DARI TUMBUHAN PESISIR TERONG PUNGO (Solanum sp.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila Ukhty ◽  
Kustiariyah Tarman ◽  
Iriani Setyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Survival Functions ◽  
Coastal Plant ◽  
The One

Secondary metabolites, are produced naturally and serve survival functions for the organisms that producing them. Endophytic fungi is the one of microorganism has a role in producing the secondary metabolites. Endophytic fungi TP6 and TPL2 isolated from coastal plant terong pungo (Solanum sp.). Endophytic fungi TP6 and TPL2 have secondary metabolite, including alcaloid, flavonoid, phenol hidrocuinon, and terpenoid compounds.

scholarly journals Potency of endophytic fungi from Nauclea orientalis L. as antioxidant producer

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Elisa Nurnawati ◽  
Hary Widjajanti ◽  
Vivi Hendra Sutandar ◽  
Maulida Harwati ◽  
Eka Amelia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Genetic Transfer ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Agent

Nauclea orientalis L. is widely distributed in Indonesia. Secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and saponins are abundant in the bark of N. orientalis L. These compounds have the potential to act as antioxidants. Endophytic fungi, through genetic transfer and coevolution, can produce the same metabolites as their host plant. As a result, understanding the potential of endophytic fungi from N. orientalis L. to produce antioxidant compounds that can be developed is critical. According to the findings of this study, twelve isolates have the potential to produce secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties. Three isolates had high antioxidant activity: DB2 was identified as Aspergillus minisclerotigenes with an IC50 of 21 g/mL containing tannins, terpenes, and flavonoids, AB3 as Colletotrichum perseae with an IC50 of 31 g/mL containing tannins and terpenoids, and AB1 as Diaporthe tulliensis with an IC50 of 48 g/mL containing tannins. The secondary metabolite group has the potential to be developed into an antioxidant agent

scholarly journals Identification of microRNAs from Medicinal Plant Murraya koenigii by High-Throughput Sequencing and Their Functional Implications in Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Claudia Gutiérrez-García ◽  
Shiek S. S. J. Ahmed ◽  
Sathishkumar Ramalingam ◽  
Dhivya Selvaraj ◽  
Aashish Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Mirna Profile ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that play crucial post-transcriptional regulatory roles in plants, including development and stress-response signaling. However, information about their involvement in secondary metabolism is still limited. Murraya koenigii is a popular medicinal plant, better known as curry leaves, that possesses pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites. The present study utilized high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate the miRNA profile of M. koenigii and their association with secondary metabolite biosynthesis. A total of 343,505 unique reads with lengths ranging from 16 to 40 nt were obtained from the sequencing data, among which 142 miRNAs were identified as conserved and 7 as novel miRNAs. Moreover, 6078 corresponding potential target genes of M. koenigii miRNAs were recognized in this study. Interestingly, several conserved and novel miRNAs of M. koenigii were found to target key enzymes of the terpenoid backbone and the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, to validate the sequencing results, the relative expression of eight randomly selected miRNAs was determined by qPCR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the M. koenigii miRNA profile that may provide useful information for further elucidation of the involvement of miRNAs in secondary metabolism. These findings might be crucial in the future to generate artificial-miRNA-based, genetically engineered M. koenigii plants for the overproduction of medicinally highly valuable secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Genomic and transcriptomic survey of an endophytic fungus Calcarisporium arbuscula NRRL 3705 and potential overview of its secondary metabolites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintao Cheng ◽  
Fei Cao ◽  
Xinai Chen ◽  
Yongquan Li ◽  
Xuming Mao
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters

Abstract Background: Secondary metabolites as natural products from endophytic fungi are important sources of pharmaceuticals. However, there is currently little understanding of endophytic fungi at the omics levels about their potential in secondary metabolites. Calcarisporium arbuscula , an endophytic fungus from the fruit bodies of Russulaceae, produces a variety of secondary metabolites with anti-cancer, anti-nematode and antibiotic activities. A comprehensive survey of the genome and transcriptome of this endophytic fungus will help to understand its capacity to biosynthesize secondary metabolites and will lay the foundation for the development of this precious resource. Results: In this study, we reported the high-quality genome sequence of C. arbuscula NRRL 3705 based on Single Molecule Real-Time sequencing technology. The genome of this fungus is over 45 Mb in size, larger than other typical filamentous fungi, and comprises 10,001 predicted genes, encoding at least 762 secretory-proteins, 386 carbohydrate-active enzymes and 177 P450 enzymes. 398 virulence factors and 228 genes related to pathogen-host interactions were also predicted in this fungus. Moreover , 65 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were revealed, including the gene cluster for the mycotoxin aurovertins. In addition, several gene clusters were predicted to produce mycotoxins, including aflatoxin, alternariol, destruxin, citrinin and isoflavipucine. Notably, two independent gene clusters were shown that are potentially involved in thebiosynthesis of alternariol. Furthermore, RNA-Seq assays showed that only expression of the aurovertin gene cluster is much stronger than expression of the housekeeping genes under laboratory conditions, consistent with the observation that aurovertins are the predominant metabolites. Gene expression of the remaining 64 gene clusters for compound backbone biosynthesis was all lower than expression of the housekeeping genes, which partially explained poor production of other secondary metabolites in this fungus. Conclusions : Our omics data, along with bioinformatics analysis, indicated that C. arbuscula NRRL 3705 contains a large number of biosynthetic gene clusters and has a huge potential to produce a profound number of secondary metabolites. This work also provides the basis for development of endophytic fungi as a new resource of natural products with promising biological activities. Keywords: Endophytic Fungus, Calcarisporium arbuscula , Genome, Transcriptome, Secondary Metabolite

scholarly journals Diversity of endophytic fungi from the root bark of Syzygium zeylanicum, and the antibacterial activity of fungal extracts, and secondary metabolite

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syarifah Syarifah ◽  
Elfita Elfita ◽  
HARY WIDJAJANTI ◽  
ARUM SETIAWAN ◽  
ALFIA R. KURNIAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Fungal Extracts

Abstract. Syarifah, Elfita, Widjajanti H, Setiawan A, Kurniawati AR. 2021. Diversity of endophytic fungi from the root bark of Syzygium zeylanicum, and the antibacterial activity of fungal extracts, and secondary metabolite. Biodiversitas 22: 4572-4582. The decoction of the root bark of Syzygium zeylanicum has been used as traditional medicine, such as for treating pathogenic bacterial infections. Endophytic fungi that live in medicinal plant tissues have a high species diversity and biological activities correlate with their host. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the diversity of endophytic fungi from the root bark of S. zeylanicum and to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi and their secondary metabolites. In this study, we isolate and identify the endophytic fungi from the root bark of S. zeylanicum, continued by screening their antibacterial activity against two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli InaCCB5 and Salmonella thypi ATCC1048 and two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus InaCCB4 and Bacillus subtilis InaCCB1204) by the Kirby-Bauer method. The fungal extract with the highest antibacterial activity proceeded with the isolation and determination of the structure of their bioactive compounds. The isolates were morphologically identified. Isolates that showed strong antibacterial activity were identified by molecular identification. Isolation of bioactive compounds was carried out by chromatographic techniques and the determination of the structure of pure chemical compounds was performed by the spectroscopic analysis. In total, there were 8 isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained from the root bark of S. zeylanicum, namely SZR1 – SZR8. SZR2 isolate has the highest antibacterial activity. Molecular identification through phylogenetic analysis showed that SZR2 isolate had high similarity with Penicillium brefeldianum. Isolation of bioactive compounds from SZR2 produced compound 1 in the form of light yellow crystals which showed strong antibacterial activity against S. typhi, E. coli, and B. subtilis with MIC values of 64 g/mL. Compound 1 was identified as p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, which was also obtained in its host. In conclusion, the endophytic fungus Penicillium brefeldianum produces similar secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity as its host plant.

scholarly journals Potential impacts of soil microbiota manipulation on secondary metabolites production in cannabis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulbul Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed Hijri
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Production ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Metabolites Production

Abstract Background Cannabis growing practices and particularly indoor cultivation conditions have a great influence on the production of cannabinoids. Plant-associated microbes may affect nutrient acquisition by the plant. However, beneficial microbes influencing cannabinoid biosynthesis remain largely unexplored and unexploited in cannabis production. Objective To summarize study outcomes on bacterial and fungal communities associated with cannabis using high-throughput sequencing technologies and to uncover microbial interactions, species diversity, and microbial network connections that potentially influence secondary metabolite production in cannabis. Materials and method A mini review was conducted including recent publications on cannabis and their associated microbiota and secondary metabolite production. Results In this review, we provide an overview of the potential role of the soil microbiome in production of cannabinoids, and discussed that manipulation of cannabis-associated microbiome obtained through soil amendment interventions of diversified microbial communities sourced from natural forest soil could potentially help producers of cannabis to improve yields of cannabinoids and enhance the balance of cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) proportions. Conclusion Cannabis is one of the oldest cultivated crops in history, grown for food, fiber, and drugs for thousands of years. Extension of genetic variation in cannabis has developed into wide-ranging varieties with various complementary phenotypes and secondary metabolites. For medical or pharmaceutical purposes, the ratio of CBD to THC is key. Therefore, studying soil microbiota associated with cannabis and its potential impact on secondary metabolites production could be useful when selecting microorganisms as bioinoculant agents for enhanced organic cannabinoid production.

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