Efficacy of Butanolic Fraction of Cocos Nucifera's Root Aqueous Extract on Induced Anemia Treatment

Cocos nucifera was a coastal plant whose roots were used in pharmacopoeia to treat anemia in Benin. The aqueous extract from its roots stimulated the synthesis of hemoglobin. The aim of this work was to test in vivo the efficacy of the butanolic fraction of the extract in the treatment of anemia. Methods: Wistar rats were anemic with phenylhydrazine for two days. From D2 to D15, some were treated by gavage with the butanolic fraction of the aqueous extract of Cocos nucifera roots at the dose of 40 mg or 60 mg / kg of body weight / day, others were treated with vitafer (an anti-anemic drug) or with distilled water. The rats blood were collected on days D0, D2, D7, D10 and D15 for the complete blood count and the osmotic resistance of the red blood cells. Results: On D2, phenylhydrazine significantly lowered the hemoglobin level and the number of red blood cells, which were respectively corrected on D10 and D15 by the fraction of extract with release of hypochromic macrocytes. However, the effect was slower than that of the crude extract, was not specific to erythropoiesis because it also stimulated thrombopoiesis and was not dose-dependent. Conclusion: The butanolic fraction of the aqueous extract of Cocos nucifera roots corrected anemia by stimulation of hematopoiesis. The observed biological activity would probably be linked to anthocyanins which are mainly isolated by butanol. These results contribute to a better knowledge of bioactive compounds of our antianemic plants.

Gambaran Daya Terima Minuman Sari Buah Pedada (Sonneratia sp.) dengan Penambahan Gula Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana)

One type of coastal plant in the mangrove forest is the pedada (Sonneratia sp.). This fruit has high nutritional value and has the potential to be processed into food products. This fruit is still rarely used because of its sour taste. One form of food processed from pedada fruit is pedada juice drink. The purpose of this study was to describe the acceptance of the parameters of color, aroma, texture, taste, and overall acceptance in the form of selecting the best formulation, which was analyzed using the exponential method of pedada fruit juice drinks. A descriptive analysis within the experimental design was applied in this research. There were 5 samples in this study, namely A1 positive control (200 g, 70% sucrose sugar), A2 negative control (200 g pedada, 0% stevia sugar), A3 (200 g pedada, 9% stevia sugar), A4 (pedada 200 g, 18% stevia sugar), and A5 (200 g pedada, 36% stevia sugar). The acceptance test used the hedonic method with 40 consumer panelists aged 17-35 years. This research was conducted in May-August 2020. The manufacture of pedada fruit juice drinks and acceptance testing were carried out at home. The results showed that the A4 sample of 200 g of pedada fruit with the addition of 18% stevia sugar obtained the highest score on the acceptability of pedada fruit juice drinks and overall acceptance. The average results of each color, aroma, texture, and taste acceptability parameter were 3.9, 3.9, 4.0, and 4.0, respectively. Keywords: Acceptance; fruit juice; pedada; stevia sugar ABSTRAK Indonesia kaya akan hasil alamnya seperti berbagai jenis hutan yang salah satunya adalah hutan mangrove. Hutan mangrove itu sendiri memiliki berbagai jenis tumbuhan pantai seperti pedada atau Sonneratia sp. Buah ini memiliki nilai gizi yang tinggi dan berpotensi untuk diolah menjadi produk pangan. Buah ini masih jarang digunakan karena rasanya yang asam. Salah satu bentuk pengolahan makanan dari buah pedada adalah minuman sari buah pedada. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan penerimaan terhadap parameter warna, aroma, tekstur, dan rasa serta penerimaan secara keseluruhan berupa pemilihan formulasi terbaik yang dianalisis menggunakan metode eksponensial minuman sari buah pedada. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain analisis deskriptif murni. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 5 sampel yaitu kontrol positif A1 (200 g, gula sukrosa 70%), kontrol negatif A2 (200 g pedada, gula stevia 0%), A3 (200 g pedada, gula stevia 9%), A4 ( pedada 200 g, gula stevia 18%), A5 (200 g pedada, gula stevia 36%). Uji penerimaan menggunakan metode hedonis dengan 40 panelis konsumen berusia 17-35 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Agustus 2020, pembuatan minuman sari buah pedada dan uji daya terima dilakukan di rumah. Akseptabilitas minuman sari buah pedada dan penerimaan keseluruhan yaitu sampel minuman A4 buah pedada 200 g dengan penambahan gula stevia 18%, diperoleh skor rata-rata tertinggi (4,0) dengan hasil rata-rata masing-masing parameter akseptabilitas warna 3.9, aroma 3.9, tekstur 4.0, dan rasa 4.0. Kata Kunci: Daya terima, gula stevia, pedada, sari buah

Efficacy of Butanolic Fraction of Cocos Nucifera's Root Aqueous Extract on Induced Anemia Treatment

Cocos nucifera was a coastal plant whose roots were used in pharmacopoeia to treat anemia in Benin. The aqueous extract from its roots stimulated the synthesis of hemoglobin. The aim of this work was to test in vivo the efficacy of the butanolic fraction of the extract in the treatment of anemia. Methods: Wistar rats were anemic with phenylhydrazine for two days. From D2 to D15, some were treated by gavage with the butanolic fraction of the aqueous extract of Cocos nucifera roots at the dose of 40 mg or 60 mg/kg of body weight/day, others were treated with vitafer (an anti-anemic drug) or with distilled water. The rats blood were collected on days D0, D2, D7, D10 and D15 for the complete blood count and the osmotic resistance of the red blood cells. Results: On D2, phenylhydrazine significantly lowered the hemoglobin level and the number of red blood cells, which were respectively corrected on D10 and D15 by the fraction of extract with release of hypochromic macrocytes. However, the effect was slower than that of the crude extract, was not specific to erythropoiesis because it also stimulated thrombopoiesis and was not dose-dependent. Conclusion: The butanolic fraction of the aqueous extract of Cocos nucifera roots corrected anemia by stimulation of hematopoiesis. The observed biological activity would probably be linked to anthocyanins which are mainly isolated by butanol. These results contribute to a better knowledge of bioactive compounds of our antianemic plants.

STOK KARBON DI ATAS PERMUKAAN TANAH PADA HUTAN MANGROVE SUNGAI AWAN KIRI KABUPATEN KETAPANG

Mangrove forests, often referred to as mangrove forests, brackish forests or tidal forests, is a transitional ecosystem between land and sea which are tropical or sub-tropical areas along the sheltered coast and river mouth. Mangrove forest is a coastal plant community dominated by several species of mangrove trees that are able to grow and develop during the tides in accordance with their tolerance to salinity, duration of inundation, substrate and beach morphology. Awan Kiri Mangrove Forest has a total area of 114 hectares including the area of Other Management Areas (APL) then seen from the density of the Mangrove Forest only has 92 hectares. This study uses a non-destructive survey method. Vegetation carbon stock calculation is carried out using vegetation biomass calculation approach. Vegetation biomass calculation based on the calculation of allometric equations. Calculation the value of stored carbon using the formula according to (SNI 7724:2011) the value of parent carbon content,amounting to 0,47. Bassed on the research that has been done, it is found that there are 185 individuals, Rhizophora spp., Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Rhizpphora apiculata, Xylocarpus gerantum and Excoecaria agallocha. The biomassa content can be known in the 3 pathways to store 242,16 tons biomassa and the total biomassa content in 1210,8 tons/ha with an everage of 403,6 tons/ha. The carbon content is 569,06 tons/ha so that it gets an average total of 186,68 tons C/ha.Keywords: Carbon Stock, Ketapang Regency, Sungai Awan Kiri in Mangrove Forests.

Trait-Based Investigation Reveals Patterns of Community Response to Nutrient Enrichment in Coastal Mesic Grassland

Despite recent advances, we still do not understand how chronic nutrient enrichment impacts coastal plant community structure and function. We aimed to clarify such impacts by testing for differences in ecosystem productivity and multiple community metrics in response to fertilization. We established plots in 2015 consisting of control (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen + phosphorus (NP) treatments in a mid-Atlantic coastal grassland. In 2017 we collected aboveground biomass, functional traits, and species abundance for each plot. Our findings indicate a synergistic co-limitation, such that NP plots were more productive than all other treatments. A combination of traits responsible for competition and nutrient uptake (i.e., height and δ15N) caused trait-based divergence of N and NP plots from C and P plots. Functional trait-based composition patterns differed from species composition and lifeform abundance patterns, highlighting complexities of community response to nutrient enrichment. While trait-based functional alpha-diversity did not differ among nutrient treatments, it was positively correlated with biomass production, suggesting nutrients may impact functional alpha-diversity indirectly through increased productivity. Increased functional alpha-diversity could be a mechanism of co-existence emerging as productivity increases. These results have important implications for understanding how plant communities in low-productivity coastal systems are altered by fertilization.