scholarly journals The Impact of Small Enterprise Activity on the Regional Development. The Case of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (47) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Łukasz Grzęda ◽  
Sylwester Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Data Bank ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Enterprise Activity

The goal of the study is to examine the impact of small enterprise activity on the regional economic growth on the example of counties in the Podkarpackie voivodeship. The research has shown that both, the increase in the number of already operating and the number of newly registered small enterprises positively contribute to the economic development of the county measured by the total value of sales and the per capita value sales of production manufactured in a given county, as well as the number of employees employed there. The research also indicates that the volume of production of enterprises located in a given county is positively affected by the increase in realized investment outlays as well as the upward trend in GDP of a given voivodeship. The research is based on the data from the CSO Local Data Bank for the years 2005-2016. Estimation of the models was carried out using panel regression.

Trade at the Polish-Ukrainian borderland—selected economic aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Wosiek ◽  
Ryszard Kata
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study is to characterize and assess the influence of selected economic factors on the value of purchases made by Ukrainian citizens in Poland at the border (so-called unregistered turnover on customs declarations). The ex-change rate andlabour migration as well as the impact of political disorders that occurred at the end of 2013 in Ukraine were analysed in detail. The analysis covered the period 2009—2017. Data were derived from the questionnaires of the Statistical Office in Rzeszów, Local Data Bank of Statistics Poland, State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy. The analysis of correlation and regression were used as the basic research tools. The results of the study show that political events affected cross-border trade indirectly through, inter alia, the exchange rate, which limited the expenses made by Ukrainian citizens in Poland. However, this impact was not strong enough to reverse the upward trend in cross-border shopping. The analyses did not provide statistically significant indications of a cause-and-effect relationship between labour migration flows of Ukrainian citizens to Poland and cross-border trade.

scholarly journals The impact of domestic and foreign gravity effects on the diversity of economic development of Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-97
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Filipowicz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Gravity Effects ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of gravity effects on the diversity of economic development of Poland in the years 2002—2013. This article describes spatial differences in economic development of voivodships with the taxonomic analysis method based on the distance in Euclidean space. For the creation of a synthetic measure of economic development the following macroeconomic variables were used as diagnostic variables: gross value of fixed assets per capita, GDP per capita, investments per capita, average wages and salaries, unemployment rate and the number of entities in the REGON register per 1000 inhabitants. Moreover, it presents computation and description of combined domestic as well as foreign and total gravity effects in the voivodships. The article is based on the assumption that the individual gravity effects between two regions (by analogy with Newton’s law of gravity) are directly proportional to the product of the gross value of fixed assets per capita in these regions and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the capitals of these regions. The article also states that the combined gravity effect in the particular voivodeship is a geometric mean of the individual gravity effects. A summary of considerations is presented in a form of a statistical analysis that assesses the impact of gravity effects on the spatial differences in economic development of Poland. In the research data from the Local Data Bank were used.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT AND THE ROLE OF THE SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES ON THE EMPLOYMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Snezana Bardarova ◽  
Marija Magdincheva-Shopova ◽  
Monika Markovska ◽  
Bozhidar Milenkovski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

Current developments in the global and national economics point to a number of problems faced by real entities in the real sector, and as a special area of interest for the scientific public there is a need to provide conditions for the smooth running of the reproduction processes in the enterprise and the realization the positive results of the operation. Enterprises are drivers of inclusive economic growth in the Republic of Macedonia and in creating productive and sustainable jobs.The new conception of the small enterprise as a carrier and engine of economic development is quite persuasive with its economic logic and reaffirms the small enterprise as a significant economic sector. The activities within the small enterprises are aimed at intensifying the results of the work by achieving a balance between objective possibilities and good working principles. The monitoring of the small enterprise, through the prism of its influence on economic growth and development, rejects the traditional view for small enterprises as security guards.The SME sector is a driver of inclusive economic growth in Macedonia and the creation of sustainable jobs increasing productivity. It also does not agree with the notion that small enterprises are economically inefficient organisms.With the third technological revolution in the countries with a developed market economy, the domination of the so-called. small economy, that is, the sector of small and medium enterprises. Today, small enterprises have a growing number of supporters who believe that small enterprises are carriers of innovation and entrepreneurship and are able to react quickly to changes in the environment. For years, the Republic of Macedonia has faced a high rate (29%, June 2013) of general unemployment, which remains a key challenge for stabilizing the economic and social development of the country. The subject of research in this paper is focused on conducting analysis of the active enterprises in the Republic of Macedonia by size, by sector and by number of employees, as well as analysis of the activity of the population and employment by sectors and by type of ownership of the enterprise in the period from 2013-2017.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ON THE LABOR MARKET CONDITION. THE CASE OF THE DOLNOŚLĄSKIE AND LUBUSKIE VOIVODSHIPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (50) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Łukasz Grzęda ◽  
Sylwester Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Market Condition ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Technological Capacity ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the article is to assess the impact of the development of technological capacity on the labour market in Poland, in voivodships with significantly different GDP levels: the Dolnośląskie and nearly four times smaller the Lubuskie. Data for the years 2002-2017 were obtained from the CSO Local Data Bank. The research used linear regression analysis and the OLS estimation method. The results have shown that the expenditure on R&D are not a positive factor of employment growth in both voivodships, which may be due to their low values in relation to GDP (on average around 0.5%). The number of students and universities had a positive impact on the labour market in both regions. The catch-up effect and accelerated development recorded in the second part of the examined period in the Lubuskie could have had an impact on better absorption of university graduates and registered patents by businesses and their positive impact on employment levels, in contrast to the Dolnośląskie. Improvement in the economic situation in both voivodships and in the whole country also had a positive impact on the improvement of conditions on the labour market.

scholarly journals INSTITUTION EFFICIENCY VERSUS THE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS (A STUDY AT THE LEVEL OF POLAND’S REGIONAL DIVISION)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wojarska ◽  
Karolina Babuchowska ◽  
Wiesława Lizińska ◽  
Renata Marks-Bielska
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
The Impact

As the socio-economic reality is growing increasingly complex, the role of local governments in the management of events and processes occurring in local communities gains importance. Considering the fact that the basic task of local authorities is to stimulate the growth and development of a given local entity, an analysis was undertaken to the aim of assessing the relationship between the level of local development and the institutional efficiency of local self-governments and vice versa, in a regional approach (NUTS 2). To achieve this aim, mixed data were analysed, that is raw data (acquired via survey from 1,220 municipalities) and secondary data (from the database of the Local Data Bank). The efficiency of local governments was measured with an aggregate factor EFF, while the level of development was assessed with the DEV measure. The results indicate that the local governments did rather poorly in terms of both efficiency and development. In both cases, the mean value of the applied synthetic measures reached no more than 30% of the maximum attainable score. The basic tools in the research were correlation and regression analysis. Both procedures demonstrated the presence of a relationship between the two analysed categories (r = 0.365). Moreover, the analysis of regression showed that the impact of developmental processes on the improvement of efficiency of local governments was stronger that the influence of improved efficiency on developmental processes occurring in the analysed municipalities.

scholarly journals Financial Diversity and the Development Process: Case study of Rural Communes of Eastern Poland in 2009–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6446
Author(s):  
Paweł Dziekański ◽  
Piotr Prus
Keyword(s):  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Real Space ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Local Data ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
The Impact

In the modern state, the role and importance of communes is growing. They can carry out their tasks when equipped with stable and efficient sources of income. Financial resources are the basis for the operation and implementation of current and development tasks. Their analysis makes it possible to assess the budget structure and provides information on the state of the local economy or endogenous growth potentials. The aim of the article is to assess the diversity of the financial situation of rural communes using a synthetic measure. In addition, using the econometric models, the impact of socio-economic factors on the diversity of the measure of synthetic financial situation was examined. In order to build synthetic measures, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution method and based on distance in real space with Euclidean metrics were used. The aggregated value of the synthetic variable facilitates the comparison of objects in multidimensional spaces, but also makes it possible to order them due to the examined phenomenon. Empirical data were collected in spatial terms of 484 rural communes in the Eastern Poland region. In the case of municipalities, the choice of variables was largely determined by the availability of secondary data collected in a municipal system at the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office for 2009–2018. The analysis showed that the rural communes of eastern Poland are characterized by significant disproportions in terms of financial standing. Rural communes with the best financial condition were characterized by a higher share of own revenues in total revenues, a higher level of income from local taxes and obtained from the share in the tax on natural and legal persons. It seems that the main reason for the relatively small impact of financial conditions on economic and social development is their strong dependence on transfer revenues transferred from the state budget and the amount of current expenditure. The above circumstances stiffen and stabilize the financial economy, making it relatively less susceptible to the influence of other factors. The obtained results may constitute for the local authorities an important source of information on the disproportions occurring between units on setting out potential directions for optimizing the structure of local finances.

INCOME POTENTIAL OF RURAL COMMUNES OF WIELKOPOLSKA PROVINCE IN 2005-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn ◽  
Feliks Wysocki ◽  
Agata Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Per Capita

The aim of the study was to assess the income potential of rural communes and to compare it to other administrative types in Wielkopolska province in 2005-2016, with particular emphasis on the Metropolitan Area of Poznań (POM). The research drew on data from the Central Statistical Office (Local Data Bank) and found income potential of rural communes of the province to be the lowest of all types of communes, with low values of own income per capita and financial self-sufficiency index. On the other hand, POM rural communes had higher own income potential compared to rural communes outside of POM or to other types of communes inside POM. The analyzed period saw increased shares of PIT revenues in the budgets of rural and urban-rural communes, which by 2016 were the most important source of own income in all groups of surveyed communes.

scholarly journals Diversification of Municipalities Located in the Impact Area of National Parks in Terms of Environmental Requirements of Sustainable Tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Pawłat-Zawrzykraj ◽  
Konrad Podawca
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of the paper was to show the diversification of Polish municipalities that have national parks within their boundaries in terms of implementing sustainable tourism priorities. The study focused on ecological and environmental aspects, primarily related to the shaping and maintenance of green areas, as well as waste and wastewater management. The assessment was based on statistical data taken from the Local Data Bank for the years 2012–2018. The authors determined their own set of indicators, describing green areas management, the environmental risk associated with waste and wastewater generation, and the reshaping of the forest and agricultural landscape. The obtained results were compared with the spatial diversification of the surveyed administrative units in terms of tourist attractiveness carried out by us in 2018. The study made it possible to indicate, among others, municipalities that are prime tourist destinations and have highly developed tourist facilities, but do not keep up with sustainable tourism activities. There are also units that carry out activities in the field of forest and agricultural land protection, invest in public green areas, properly manage sewage and wastewater, and, at the same time, are not attractive for tourists.

scholarly journals Użytkowanie ziemi a stabilność ekologiczna obszarów wiejskich województwa świętokrzyskiego

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Ciupa ◽  
Roman Suligowski
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Local Data ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the impact of land use on the ecological stability of rural areas in the Świętokrzyskie province. The work is based on the data published by the Local Data Bank regarding 24 types of land use. According to the methodology used for calculating the ecological stability indicator, these types were divided into two groups: agricultural (with positive and negative characteristics) and non-agricultural. Typological classification of communes was done with the use of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Research results show that rural areas of the Świętokrzyskie province have generally low ecological stability indicator, but they are characterised by high spatial diversity. The assessment of rural communes based on the ecological stability indicator may thus be one of the elements taken into consideration while drafting various planning documents, including those related to the management built on the sustainable development principles.

An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Policy. Part II: The Necessity of Timely Switching

2006 ◽  
pp. 46-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Polterovich ◽  
V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This is the second part (first part: Voprosy Ekonomiki, 2006, No 7) of the work on how economic policy of a developing country should change as it approaches the level of developed economies in terms of welfare (GDP per capita) and the quality of institutions. We focus on the impact of several policies to promote the catch up development: the speed of foreign exchange reserves accumulation ("exchange rate protectionism"); import tariffs; measures to attract foreign direct investment; import of technology versus indigenous R&D; regulation of migration and measures to support large versus small enterprises. The econometric analysis of the data on over 200 countries in 1975-1999 shows that the impact of these policies may be positive or negative depending on a stage of development; in each case we find threshold levels or critical combinations of GDP per capita and/or an institutional quality indicator. Thus, there is additional evidence to support the conclusions made in the first part of the article and based on the analysis of the evolution of economic policies in the Western countries and in the countries of successful catch up development ("economic miracles").

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