Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics. Preservation of test organisms used for the determination of bactericidal (including Legionella), mycobactericidal, sporicidal, fungicidal and virucidal (including bacteriophages) activity

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Test Organisms

A Standard Primary Toxicity Bioassay Using Daphnia Magna as a Test Species

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Behie ◽  
J.E. Zajic ◽  
D. Berk ◽  
R.J.P. Brouzes ◽  
V.A. Naish
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Toxicity Bioassay ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Dilution Water

Abstract Although Daphnia magna have been widely used in the determination of the toxicity of various substances, there are no reports in the literature that describe a rigorous bioassay method using this organism as a test species. The test described herein involves the standariza-tion of various important aspects of the method such as the age of the test organisms, and the dilution water used for the preparation of the various toxicant concentrations. Also described is a simple method for the statistical analysis of the results. The sensitivity of the proposed bioassay is demonstrated by determining the toxicity of various pulp and paper effluents. Finally, extensive bioassays were carried out simultaneously with rainbow trout and Daphnia magna indicating that Daphnia are as good a biological indicator of acute toxicity as fish.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF DIFFERENCES IN VIRULENCE OF STRAINS OF SALMONELLA TYPHOSA

1950 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Batson ◽  
Maurice Landy ◽  
Martha Brown
Keyword(s):  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Intracerebral Injection ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Vi Antigen

An investigation is reported of a comparison by three methods of the degree and certainty of differentiation of strains of S. typhosa of different virulence for mice. These methods were (a) intracerebral injection, (b) intraperitoneal injection of saline suspensions, and (c) intraperitoneal injection of mucin suspensions of the test organisms. With the strains of S. typhosa employed, differentiation was questionable by the intracerebral method, somewhat more marked by the intraperitoneal-saline suspension method, and most definite by the intraperitoneal-mucin suspension method. Differentiation of the strains employed was found to be independent of the presence or absence of Vi antigen and apparently was more dependent upon the method of testing than upon any known differences in biological characteristics of the organisms.

scholarly journals Features of the determination of drinking water toxicity

2016 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Е. Аrystarkhova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chronic Effect ◽  
Water Toxicity ◽  
Quality Testing ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Tradescantia Fluminensis ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Test Objects

The article is devoted to the problem of the determination of drinking water toxicity in the system of water supply of Zhytomyr сity. An increase of reliability of control of drinking water quality is especially important in the conditions of tense ecological situation. That’s why it is expediently to apply so-called sets of test-organisms in which the representatives of vegetable and animal forms have to become as obligatory components for determination of water ecotoxicological potential. The results of such a biological testing enable more fully to estimate influence of contaminents on living creatures. It was suggested during the leadthrough of quality testing of drinking water to use Daphnia magna Straus and Tradescantia fluminensis Vellozo in the presented researches. On the basis of test-objects reactions the index of drinking water toxicity was calculated. The harmful influence of water secondary pollution on the living organisms (index of toxicity 50%, group D1) is noted. It was found out the specificity of  sensitiveness of tradescantia (on 8th day) and daphnia (on 15th day) to chronic effect of drinking water components.

scholarly journals Antibacterial effect of Aqueous Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract, crude neem leaf paste, and Ceftriaxone against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Shamima Sultana ◽  
A. S. M. Shahidullah ◽  
Md. Mahbubul Islam ◽  
A. F. S. A. Wasey ◽  
Shamsun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Broth Dilution

The study was conducted during the period of July 2004 to June 2005 in the   Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics in collaboration of Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh to determine the profile of antibacterial effect of crude neem leaf paste (CNLP), aqueous neem leaf extract (ANLE), and standard antibiotic Ceftriaxone against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Five separate experiments were done e.g. I) Determination of inhibitory effect of crude neem leaf paste (CNLP) by incorporation into nutrient agar media (NA), against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. II) Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of aqueous neem leaf extract (ANLE) against that three test organisms by broth dilution technique, III) Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of standard antibiotic ceftriaxcone against test organisms by broth dilution technique as well as making a comparison with MIC of ANLE and IV) Subculture study of materials from effective CNLP, ANLE, NLEE and Ceftriaxone in nutrient agar medium for confirmation of respective results of different experiments conducted. Results revealed that inhibitory effects were observed against the growth of Staph. aureus, Esch. coli and Ps. aeruginosa at 15%, 20% and 25% respectively of CNLP incorporated  into NA media.  The broth dilution technique was followed to determine the MICs of ANLE and Ceftriaxone. The MIC of ANLE was 714 μg/ml against S. aureus and that against E. coli and P. aeruginosa was 1428 μg/ml. The MIC of Ceftriaxone was 10μg/ml against S. aureus and that against E. coli and P. aeruginosa was 25 μg/ml. The MIC of Ceftriaxone was the lowest in comparison to MICs of ANLE. The subculture study showed similar results with that of previous experiments in terms of inhibitory effects of CNLP and MICs of ANLE, Ceftriaxone against all of the organisms studied.  

scholarly journals New method of complex photo-fluorescent microbiotesting

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-645
Author(s):  
V. S. Sibirtsev ◽  
A. V. Garabadgiu ◽  
V. I. Shvets
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Genomic Component ◽  
Elastic Light Scattering ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Scattering Light

The biotesting procedure is described, which provides for recording changes in the intensities of elastic light scattering, light absorption and intrinsic photofluorescence of the protein component, as well as determination of concentration and structuring coefficients of the genomic component of samples with viable unicellular test organisms, incubated in a liquid nutrient medium in the presence and absence of various external chemical factors. The results of the analysis using this technique of the antibiotic activity of cations of various metals are presented. It is shown that using this technique can be much more rapid, objectively and comprehensively than using standard visual microbiotesting methods, to assess the effect on reproduction rate, metabolic activity and genome structure of test organisms of samples of various products, wastes, etc.

scholarly journals CYTOGENETIC EVALUATION OF THE DRINKING WATER TOXICITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Maya Vergolyas
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures ◽  
Test Organisms

There was considered the use of biotesting for the assessment of the quality of drinking water from the different water supply sources (artesian, packaged and water-pipe one). The method consists in determination of the toxicants action on the specially selected organisms in the standard conditions with registration of changes at behavior, physiological, cellular and subcellular level using hematological indices of fish, frogs, rats and the lymphocyte cultures of the peripheral human blood. Physical-chemical methods determine only the presence and number of chemical elements in the tested water samples because of the very large number of possible combinations of chemical compounds in water solutions (more than 75 million combinations), including behavior of anthropogenic compounds and the natural vulnerability of the water ecosystems to the combined effects from its toxic influence. As the optimal set of determination of the some structural and functional changes of cell genome as the result of the toxic influence of combination of the chemical compounds in the water solutions was offered the micronuclear test and leukocytic formula of the fish, frog and rat blood as biomarker. The reaction of fish, frog, rat test-organisms on the toxic irritation is presented in the change of qualitative content of the cells of peripheral blood. There were demonstrated the prospects of the use of hematological indices of the following test-organisms: Danio rerio fishes, Xenopus clawed frogs, Wistar rats and also the lymphocytes cultures of the human peripheral blood. The special attention was paid to the assessment of the risk for human health of the toxic substances in drinking water, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity that are revealed using hematological indices of animal cells. The universality of cellular organization opens the wide possibilities for toxicological studies using peripheral blood of the different groups of animals (fish, frogs, rats), human lymphocyte cultures and allow assume the following possibility of extrapolation of the received results on human organism

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