scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF DIFFERENCES IN VIRULENCE OF STRAINS OF SALMONELLA TYPHOSA

1950 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Batson ◽  
Maurice Landy ◽  
Martha Brown
Keyword(s):  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Intracerebral Injection ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Vi Antigen

An investigation is reported of a comparison by three methods of the degree and certainty of differentiation of strains of S. typhosa of different virulence for mice. These methods were (a) intracerebral injection, (b) intraperitoneal injection of saline suspensions, and (c) intraperitoneal injection of mucin suspensions of the test organisms. With the strains of S. typhosa employed, differentiation was questionable by the intracerebral method, somewhat more marked by the intraperitoneal-saline suspension method, and most definite by the intraperitoneal-mucin suspension method. Differentiation of the strains employed was found to be independent of the presence or absence of Vi antigen and apparently was more dependent upon the method of testing than upon any known differences in biological characteristics of the organisms.

A Standard Primary Toxicity Bioassay Using Daphnia Magna as a Test Species

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Behie ◽  
J.E. Zajic ◽  
D. Berk ◽  
R.J.P. Brouzes ◽  
V.A. Naish
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Toxicity Bioassay ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Dilution Water

Abstract Although Daphnia magna have been widely used in the determination of the toxicity of various substances, there are no reports in the literature that describe a rigorous bioassay method using this organism as a test species. The test described herein involves the standariza-tion of various important aspects of the method such as the age of the test organisms, and the dilution water used for the preparation of the various toxicant concentrations. Also described is a simple method for the statistical analysis of the results. The sensitivity of the proposed bioassay is demonstrated by determining the toxicity of various pulp and paper effluents. Finally, extensive bioassays were carried out simultaneously with rainbow trout and Daphnia magna indicating that Daphnia are as good a biological indicator of acute toxicity as fish.

scholarly journals Features of the determination of drinking water toxicity

2016 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Е. Аrystarkhova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chronic Effect ◽  
Water Toxicity ◽  
Quality Testing ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Tradescantia Fluminensis ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Test Objects

The article is devoted to the problem of the determination of drinking water toxicity in the system of water supply of Zhytomyr сity. An increase of reliability of control of drinking water quality is especially important in the conditions of tense ecological situation. That’s why it is expediently to apply so-called sets of test-organisms in which the representatives of vegetable and animal forms have to become as obligatory components for determination of water ecotoxicological potential. The results of such a biological testing enable more fully to estimate influence of contaminents on living creatures. It was suggested during the leadthrough of quality testing of drinking water to use Daphnia magna Straus and Tradescantia fluminensis Vellozo in the presented researches. On the basis of test-objects reactions the index of drinking water toxicity was calculated. The harmful influence of water secondary pollution on the living organisms (index of toxicity 50%, group D1) is noted. It was found out the specificity of  sensitiveness of tradescantia (on 8th day) and daphnia (on 15th day) to chronic effect of drinking water components.

Tissue Quantification of CA 125 in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. De La Cuesta ◽  
M.L. Maestro ◽  
J. Solana ◽  
J.A. Vidart ◽  
M. Escudero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Risk Of Death

The objectives of this study were the determination of CA 125 in the cytosol of healthy and carcinomatous ovarian tissue by immunoanalysis, analysis of its correlation with the biological characteristics of ovarian carcinoma, determination of serum CA 125 levels, and study of the prognostic value of the marker in cytosol. The levels of the marker depend not only on the tumor's production rate, so its determination in tissue can indicate more accurately if the tumor is a producer of the marker and establish its value for the prognosis of the disease. Determination of CA 125 in tissue was performed by immunoanalysis in 50 ovarian epithelial cancer samples, 13 benign pathology samples and 32 healthy ovary samples. The presurgical serum level of the marker was also obtained. The correlation between the CA 125 level in the cytosol and the different biological characteristics of the ovarian carcinoma, the serum levels of the marker and survival were analyzed. The CA 125 level proved to be higher in malignant tissue (p<0.0001). There was a significant association between the tissue marker and histological type (high CA 125 was associated with serous and endometrioid tumors) and between the marker and survival. No relation with stage was found. There was a correlation between the CA 125 level in the cytosol and serum, both variables being dependent, with a correlation coefficient of 0.44. This good correlation speaks in favor of the usefulness of CA 125 determination in serum in the follow-up of ovarian cancer. Tumors having high tissue expression of CA 125 were found to have a double relative risk of death, independently of tumor stage.

scholarly journals ACUTE HEPATITIS ASSOCIATED WITH MOUSE LEUKEMIA

1955 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Intracerebral Injection ◽  
Cerebral Tissue ◽  
Mouse Leukemia ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Related Virus ◽  
Nervous Disorder ◽  
The Brain

Observations on the behavior of MHV (Pr) in the cerebral tissue of Princeton and Swiss weanling mice indicated a limited neurotropism. The virus migrated to the brain on intraperitoneal injection and was established there by cranial passage, though with difficulty in Swiss mice. Intracerebral multiplication was rarely followed by outward signs of nervous disorder. A slight pathologic reaction occurred in the brains of intracerebrally injected Princeton mice, but it was negligible compared with that of the ensuing hepatitis. In Swiss mice, injected intracerebrally with a mixture of MHV (Pr) and Eperythrozoon coccoides, a related virus with restricted pathogenicity and host range, possibly a mutant, was isolated from the liver and brain. MHV (C), an actively hepatotropic virus recovered from leukemic Balb C mice, was much more neurotropic than MHV (Pr). Intracerebral injection of Balb C and Swiss weanling mice was attended by marked leptomeningeal and encephalitic lesions. Paralysis of the extremities occurred in some of the animals. The virus was essentially inactive in Princeton mice. During the intracerebral passage of MHV (C) in Swiss mice a pleuropneumonia-like organism was isolated from the brain. In conjunction with the virus this organism produced a vigorous leukocytic reaction.

Determination of the Vi-antigen content of acetone-dried typhoid vaccines

1956 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
H. H. Cohen ◽  
H. A. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Vaccines ◽  
Vi Antigen
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document