Methods for the assessment of packaging for the transport of radioactive materials. Materials other than large radioactive sources and fissle materials

1965 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Radioactive Sources

Experiences in the Field of Radioactive Materials Seizures in the Czech Republic

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Svoboda ◽  
Josef Podlaha ◽  
David Sˇi´r ◽  
Josef Mudra
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Nuclear Research Institute ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Radioactive Sources

In recent years, the amount of radioactive materials seizures (captured radioactive materials) has been rising. It was above all due to newly installed detection facilities that were able to check metallic scrap during its collection in scrap yards or on the entrance to iron-mills, checking municipal waste upon entrance to municipal disposal sites, even incineration plants, or through checking vehicles going through the borders of the Czech Republic. Most cases bore a relationship to secondary raw materials or they were connected to the application of machines and installations made from contaminated metallic materials. However, in accordance to our experience, the number of cases of seizures of materials and devices containing radioactive sources used in the public domain was lower, but not negligible, in the municipal storage yards or incineration plants. Atomic Act No. 18/1997 Coll. will apply to everybody who provides activities leading to exposure, mandatory assurance as high radiation safety as risk of the endangering of life, personal health and environment is as low as reasonably achievable in according to social and economic aspects. Hence, attention on the examination of all cases of the radioactive material seizure based on detection facilities alarm or reasonably grounds suspicion arising from the other information is important. Therefore, a service carried out by group of workers who ensure assessment of captured radioactive materials and eventual retrieval of radioactive sources from the municipal waste has come into existence in the Nuclear Research Institute Rez plc. This service has covered also transport, storage, processing and disposal of found radioactive sources. This service has arisen especially for municipal disposal sites, but later on even other companies took advantage of this service like incineration plants, the State Office for Nuclear Safety, etc. Our experience in the field of ensuring assessment of captured radioactive materials and eventual retrieval of radioactive sources will be presented in the paper.

scholarly journals Passive Gamma-Ray and Neutron Imaging Systems for National Security and Nuclear Non-Proliferation in Controlled and Uncontrolled Detection Areas: Review of Past and Current Status

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajir Al Hamrashdi ◽  
Stephen D. Monk ◽  
David Cheneler
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Radioactive Sources ◽  
Unstable States

Global concern for the illicit transportation and trafficking of nuclear materials and other radioactive sources is on the rise, with efficient and rapid security and non-proliferation technologies in more demand than ever. Many factors contribute to this issue, including the increasing number of terrorist cells, gaps in security networks, politically unstable states across the globe and the black-market trading of radioactive sources to unknown parties. The use of passive gamma-ray and neutron detection and imaging technologies in security-sensitive areas and ports has had more impact than most other techniques in detecting and deterring illicit transportation and trafficking of illegal radioactive materials. This work reviews and critically evaluates these techniques as currently utilised within national security and non-proliferation applications and proposes likely avenues of development.

scholarly journals Illicit Trafficking Of Radioactive Sources: Experiences with Fake Materials in Tanzania

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Peter Pantaleo ◽  
Leonard D. Kifanga ◽  
Iddi S.N. Mkihala
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
September 11 ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Radioactive Sources ◽  
Illicit Trafficking

Radioactive materials although are very useful, they are one of the catastrophic sources ofmass destruction if misused. These materials have a number of positive uses which makesthem very essential in our modern society. Incidences such as the bombings of the USEmbassies in East Africa, the September 11, and many others had formed a basis forinternational responsive actions to control illicit trafficking of Radioactive and NuclearMaterials. The aim of this work is to track the movements and subsequently uses of thesematerials. Tanzania is one of the countries where International Nuclear Safeguardsprotocols are fully operational and observed. In the efforts of control, a number ofinstitutions have been mobilized nationally to the. While these control efforts are enforced,it is observed that several routes and different radioactive purported sources are importedto Tanzania. Although most of the motives of illegal trafficking intercepted have indicationof radioactivity through marking and signs, there are cases where the material has beenfalsified. On the other hand, the motive behind appears to be not only for use but ratherillegal dealings such as trading. This paper sites these incidences, their causes andinfluences on the control and proposes way forward.

scholarly journals Safety Management of Hazardous Materials - Orphan Radioactive Sources: Contribution of STRASS Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Stelios Xanthos ◽  
Alexandros Clouvas ◽  
Fokion Leontaris ◽  
Nikolaos Liampas
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Radiological Risk ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Radioactive Sources

STRASS project is an INTERREG project, collaboration between Greece and North Macedonia that includes the following aims a) Discovery and identification of radioactive materials (especially orphan radioactive sources and materials that are transferred mainly accidentally) during check in cross border area, b) Location of dangerous points of the roadway Thessaloniki-Skopje. c) Investigation of radiological risk after a traffic accident d) Establishment of common emergency response protocols for both countries. The project deals with circular economy and sustainability and its main challenge that is presented here is to minimize any risk of accident (traffic accident during transportation, dispersion, loss etc) and pollution when handling and transferring willfully or accidentally hazardous radioactive materials.

scholarly journals Safety Culture in Handling Radioactive Materials for Radiation Practitioners: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 1397-1406
Author(s):  
Siti Amira Othman ◽  
◽  
Nor Farah Amirah Nor Azman ◽  
Nurul Fathihah Abu Bakar ◽  
Nurin Saqinah Jasrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Safety Culture ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Alara Principle ◽  
Radioactive Substances ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
Radioactive Sources

This paper reviews the safety culture in handling radioactive sources. Safety culture refers to how safety is addressed and communicated in the workplace. It encompasses the attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and values of all employees in an organization in relation to safety. A good safety culture can be promoted by management through commitment to safety, realistic practices for handling hazards, continuous organizational learning and concern for hazards shared across the workforce. The radioactive substances used should comply with the following characteristics where radiotoxicity must be as low as possible, short-living isotopes are preferred than long-living ones and the amounts used must be kept to a minimum. Therefore, the ‘As Low As Reasonably Achievable’ (ALARA) principle was applied that based on the minimization of radiation doses and limiting the release of radioactive materials into the environment by employing all reasonable methods. Besides that, the ALARA principle is an integral part of all activities that involve the use of radiation or radioactive materials and can help prevent unnecessary exposure as well as overexposure. The three major ALARA principles to assist with maintaining doses are time, distance and shielding. It takes a whole team effort to successfully implement the ALARA in safety culture while doing routine element of working in handling radioactive materials.

Discussion on “The Sir Alfred Herbert paper, 1953. The industrial applications of radioactive materials”

1953 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
F.E. Simon ◽  
John Cockcroft ◽  
Henry Seligman ◽  
Burton Foringer ◽  
A.O'B Brandon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Radioactive Materials

STUDIES ON THYROIDAL COLLOID PINOCYTOSIS USING A DOUBLE ISOTOPE TECHNIQUE

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Pisarev ◽  
Noe Altschuler ◽  
Leslie J. DeGroot
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Double Isotope

ABSTRACT The process of secretion of the thyroid hormone involves several steps: pinocytosis of thyroglobulin, fusion of the colloid droplets with the lysosomes, digestion of thyroglobulin by a cathepsin, dehalogenation of tyrosines and release of thyronines into the blood stream. The present paper describes a double isotope technique for studying the first two steps. Thyrotrophin (TSH) administration to rats increased the radioactivity present in all fractions, specially in the 15 000 × g pellet. When the subcellular distribution of acid phosphatase was determined, the highest specific activity was found in this fraction, thus indicating the presence of lysosomes. The content of radioactive materials in the 15 000 × g pellet was analyzed by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and by ascending paper chromatography using n-butanol:ethanol:ammonium hydroxide (5:1:2;v/v) as solvent system. The results obtained showed that 90% of the radioactivity was protein bound and strongly suggest that this material is thyroglobulin.

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