scholarly journals Passive Gamma-Ray and Neutron Imaging Systems for National Security and Nuclear Non-Proliferation in Controlled and Uncontrolled Detection Areas: Review of Past and Current Status

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajir Al Hamrashdi ◽  
Stephen D. Monk ◽  
David Cheneler
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Radioactive Sources ◽  
Unstable States

Global concern for the illicit transportation and trafficking of nuclear materials and other radioactive sources is on the rise, with efficient and rapid security and non-proliferation technologies in more demand than ever. Many factors contribute to this issue, including the increasing number of terrorist cells, gaps in security networks, politically unstable states across the globe and the black-market trading of radioactive sources to unknown parties. The use of passive gamma-ray and neutron detection and imaging technologies in security-sensitive areas and ports has had more impact than most other techniques in detecting and deterring illicit transportation and trafficking of illegal radioactive materials. This work reviews and critically evaluates these techniques as currently utilised within national security and non-proliferation applications and proposes likely avenues of development.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Mobile Radiation Detection Systems for Different Scenarios

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1051
Author(s):  
Luís Marques ◽  
Alberto Vale ◽  
Pedro Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Silicon Photomultiplier ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Cooperative Detection ◽  
New Research

In the last decade, the development of more compact and lightweight radiation detection systems led to their application in handheld and small unmanned systems, particularly air-based platforms. Examples of improvements are: the use of silicon photomultiplier-based scintillators, new scintillating crystals, compact dual-mode detectors (gamma/neutron), data fusion, mobile sensor networks, cooperative detection and search. Gamma cameras and dual-particle cameras are increasingly being used for source location. This study reviews and discusses the research advancements in the field of gamma-ray and neutron measurements using mobile radiation detection systems since the Fukushima nuclear accident. Four scenarios are considered: radiological and nuclear accidents and emergencies; illicit traffic of special nuclear materials and radioactive materials; nuclear, accelerator, targets, and irradiation facilities; and naturally occurring radioactive materials monitoring-related activities. The work presented in this paper aims to: compile and review information on the radiation detection systems, contextual sensors and platforms used for each scenario; assess their advantages and limitations, looking prospectively to new research and challenges in the field; and support the decision making of national radioprotection agencies and response teams in respect to adequate detection system for each scenario. For that, an extensive literature review was conducted.

FLASH X-RAY DEVICES FOR PUMPING NUCLEAR MATERIALS DEVELOPED IN THE GAMMA-RAY LASER PROGRAM AT TEXAS

1987 ◽  
Vol 48 (C9) ◽  
pp. C9-367-C9-370
Author(s):  
C. B. COLLINS ◽  
F. DAVANLOO ◽  
T. S. BOWEN ◽  
J. J. COOGAN
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
X Ray

Detector and imaging systems for the gamma-ray imager/polarimeter for solar flares (GRIPS) instrument

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Duncan ◽  
Albert Shih ◽  
Gordon Hurford ◽  
Pascal Saint-Hilaire ◽  
Andreas Zoglauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flares ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Imaging Systems

scholarly journals Compact lightweight imager of both gamma rays and neutrons based on a pixelated stilbene scintillator coupled to a silicon photomultiplier array

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihwan Boo ◽  
Mark D. Hammig ◽  
Manhee Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pulse Shape Discrimination ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Silicon Photomultiplier ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Particle Imaging ◽  
Imaging Plane

AbstractDual particle imaging, in which both neutrons and gamma-rays in the environment can be individually characterized, is particularly attractive for monitoring mixed radiation emitters such as special nuclear materials (SNM). Effective SNM localization and detection benefits from high instrument sensitivity so that real-time imaging or imaging with a limited number of acquired events is enabled. For portable applications, one also desires a dual particle imager (DPI) that is readily deployable. We have developed a hand-held type DPI equipped with a pixelated stilbene-silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array module and low sampling-rate analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) processed via a multiplexed readout. The stilbene-SiPM array (12 × 12 pixels) is capable of effectively performing pulse shape discrimination (PSD) between gamma-ray and neutron events and neutron/gamma-ray source localization on the imaging plane, as demonstrated with 252Cf neutron/gamma and 137Cs gamma-ray sources. The low sampling rate ADCs connected to the stilbene-SiPM array module result in a compact instrument with high sensitivity that provides a gamma-ray image of a 137Cs source, producing 6.4 μR/h at 1 m, in less than 69 s. A neutron image for a 3.5 × 105 n/s 252Cf source can also be obtained in less than 6 min at 1 m from the center of the system. The instrument images successfully with field of view of 50° and provides angular resolution of 6.8°.

Current Status of Radioactive Waste Disposal in Russia

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Gupalo ◽  
V. V. Lopatin ◽  
N. F. Lobanov
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Closed Fuel Cycle ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Geological Formations

A huge amount of radioactive waste has been accumulated in the Russian Federation (RF) in the course of implementation of the defense and energy programs, industrial and research activity involving the use of nuclear materials. The most justified and technically feasible technology of solidified RW isolation is its disposition in low-permeable geological formations in specially constructed underground facilities. Today in Russia a Closed Fuel Cycle (CFC) has been adopted, at the CFC final stage the spent nuclear materials and radioactive waste have to be isolated from the biosphere for the whole term of their potential hazard. In Russia, in accordance with the regional approach to the decision of Radioactive Waste (RW) disposal problem, several candidate disposal sites have been assigned.

Erratum: Gamma-Ray Spectrometry to Find the Distribution of Diffused Radioactive Sources Underground

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 882-882
Author(s):  
Byung Chae LEE* ◽  
Sang Bum HONG ◽  
Bum Kyung SEO ◽  
Jun Ha KIM ◽  
Yong Uhn KIM
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Radioactive Sources

scholarly journals Very High Energy Gamma Rays from Plerions: CANGAROO Results

1998 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
T. Kifune
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Emission Region ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
High Energy Gamma ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Energy Gamma ◽  
Very High

The current status of very high energy gamma ray astronomy (in ~ 1 TeV region) is described by using as example results of CANGAROO (Collaboration of Australia and Nippon for a GAmma Ray Observatory in the Outback). Gamma rays at TeV energies, emitted through inverse Compton effect of electrons or π0 decay from proton interaction, provide direct evidence on “hot” non-thermal processes of the Universe, as well as environmental features, such as the strength of magnetic field in the emission region, for the non-thermal processes.

Gamma-Ray Spectrometer based on a Transition Edge Sensor for Nuclear Materials Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 176 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 560-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hatakeyama ◽  
M. Ohno ◽  
H. Takahashi ◽  
R. M. T. Damayanthi ◽  
C. Otani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Transition Edge Sensor ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Materials Analysis ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Transition Edge
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