Experiences in the Field of Radioactive Materials Seizures in the Czech Republic

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Svoboda ◽  
Josef Podlaha ◽  
David Sˇi´r ◽  
Josef Mudra
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Nuclear Research Institute ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Radioactive Sources

In recent years, the amount of radioactive materials seizures (captured radioactive materials) has been rising. It was above all due to newly installed detection facilities that were able to check metallic scrap during its collection in scrap yards or on the entrance to iron-mills, checking municipal waste upon entrance to municipal disposal sites, even incineration plants, or through checking vehicles going through the borders of the Czech Republic. Most cases bore a relationship to secondary raw materials or they were connected to the application of machines and installations made from contaminated metallic materials. However, in accordance to our experience, the number of cases of seizures of materials and devices containing radioactive sources used in the public domain was lower, but not negligible, in the municipal storage yards or incineration plants. Atomic Act No. 18/1997 Coll. will apply to everybody who provides activities leading to exposure, mandatory assurance as high radiation safety as risk of the endangering of life, personal health and environment is as low as reasonably achievable in according to social and economic aspects. Hence, attention on the examination of all cases of the radioactive material seizure based on detection facilities alarm or reasonably grounds suspicion arising from the other information is important. Therefore, a service carried out by group of workers who ensure assessment of captured radioactive materials and eventual retrieval of radioactive sources from the municipal waste has come into existence in the Nuclear Research Institute Rez plc. This service has covered also transport, storage, processing and disposal of found radioactive sources. This service has arisen especially for municipal disposal sites, but later on even other companies took advantage of this service like incineration plants, the State Office for Nuclear Safety, etc. Our experience in the field of ensuring assessment of captured radioactive materials and eventual retrieval of radioactive sources will be presented in the paper.

Decommissioning of Obsolete Nuclear Facilities in the UJV Rez, a. s.

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Tous ◽  
Josef Podlaha
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Nuclear Research Institute ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Ultrasonic Bath ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dry Ice Blasting

More than 55 years of activities in the company UJV Rez, a. s. (Nuclear Research Institute Rez a.s. in the past) which is a leading institution in all areas of nuclear R&D in the Czech Republic and had a dominant position in the nuclear program since it was established (1955), there are several obsolete nuclear facilities that shall be decommissioned. The total amount of radioactive waste (RAW) resulting from decommissioning for the next processing will be ∼ 1500 m3 and the expected amount RAW for releasing into the environment is 240 tons after the decontamination. For the RAW processing several decontamination methods such as high press water jetting, chemical treating in ultrasonic bath, dry ice blasting and abrasive blasting were performed. Decommissioning started in 2003 and will be finished in 2016. This decommissioning of nuclear facilities in UJV is the only ongoing decommissioning project in the Czech Republic.

Decommissioning of Obsolete Nuclear Facilities in the Nuclear Research Institute Rez

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Podlaha ◽  
Karel Svoboda ◽  
Eduard Hansli´k
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Nuclear Research Institute ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Research Institute

After more than 55 years of activities of the Nuclear Research Institute Rez (NRI) in the nuclear field, there are some obsolete nuclear facilities that shall be decommissioned. NRI is a leading institution in all areas of nuclear R&D in the Czech Republic. NRI has had a dominant position in the nuclear programme since it was established in 1955 as a state-owned research organization and it has developed to its current status. In December 1992, NRI has been transformed into a joint-stock company. The Institute’s activity encompasses nuclear physics, chemistry, nuclear power, experiments at the research reactor and many other topics. Main issues addressed in NRI in the past decades were concentrated on research, development and services provided to the nuclear power plants operating VVER reactors, development of chemical technologies for fuel cycle and irradiation services to research and development in the industrial sector, agriculture, food processing and medicine. The NRI operates two research nuclear reactors, many facilities as a hot cell facility, research laboratories, technology for radioactive waste (RAW) management, radionuclide irradiators, an electron accelerator, etc. The obsolete facilities to be decommissioned comprise various research facilities and facilities for RAW management. Decommissioning of nuclear facilities NRI is the only ongoing decommissioning project in the Czech Republic. Decommissioning started in 2003 and will be finished in 2014. Some facilities have already been successfully decommissioned.

New PLIM Program for Czech NPPs

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kadecˇka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Program Structure ◽  
Nuclear Research Institute ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Database Application ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Ageing Management

Nuclear Research Institute (NRI) Rez, Czech Republic have worked together with Czech NPPs (Dukovany and Temelin) on preparation of a new Plant Life Management (PLIM) Program that is currently for these NPPs in implementation phase. This presentation describes the new PLIM program structure and whole implementation process that covers: - preparation of specific guidelines and strategies based on analysis of Czech Regulator’s and IAEA requirements, and different good practices, - ageing management (AM) review carried out for selected structures and components, existing AM programs and other already used practices related to AM, - performance of technical-economical study that adds economical planning to PLIM, - design and usage of supporting database application called INFOZ.

scholarly journals The attitude of Czech university students to beer consumption from microbreweries

10.5219/1397 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 369-377
Author(s):  
Vratislav Kozák ◽  
Vendula Lapčíková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
University Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
Beer Consumption ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Beer Tourism

The questionnaire survey was focused on the relation of university students of generation Z in the Czech Republic to beer from microbreweries. The survey involved 1,103 respondents from among Czech university students. 1,004 respondents complied with the survey conditions (they had to belong to university students and consume beer). Although 98% of beer consumed in the Czech Republic is from industrial breweries, it has turned out that the proportion of students who consume beer from industrial breweries and microbreweries is almost the same. As for beer from microbreweries, students prefer classic beers of the Pilsen type. So far, these do not circulate in beer tourism in larger quantities. The respondents agree that beer tourism will compete successfully with wine tourism. For beer tourism to develop successfully, microbreweries must also offer catering, accommodation, and other services; beer baths are in high demand at present. The economic benefits of microbreweries are in several areas – they integrate into tourist destinations, use local raw materials for beer and food preparation, create new jobs, enhance abandoned breweries and contribute to the development of rural areas.

scholarly journals Determination of proportion of biodegradable and non-biodegradable cemetery waste fraction

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Bohdan Stejskal
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
The Eu

Municipal waste landfilling is the most common practice of municipal waste disposal in the Czech Republic. As a member state of the EU the Czech Republic must comply with the legislative requirements set for waste management. EU Council Directive 1999/31/EC requires member states to limit the amount of bio-degradable waste into landfill.To achieve the objectives of the Plan of Waste Management of the Czech Republic, various methods has been proposed. Prior to the waste processing, it is necessary to know the waste material composition, and after that select the most appropriate method and procedure for waste utilization or disposal.Therefore an analysis of graveyard waste composition has been carried out, where, by repeated measurements of samples weighing more than 500 kg (the total amount of analyzed waste was 3107 kg), it was found out that the graveyard waste consists of almost 77 % of bio-degradable matter. It is operationally impossible to separate bio-degradable matter from non-bio-degradable materials. Therefore it is desirable to collect compostable cemetery green waste separately from the waste coming from the decoration of gravestones that may be energetically utilized.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Methodical Approaches for Evaluation the Efficiency of the Activities of Scientific and Research Organizations in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
І. A. Zhukovych ◽  
I. Yu. Yehorov
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Organization Of Science

The article deals with the evolution of methodological approaches used in the Czech Republic to assess the effectiveness of scientific institutions. This country shares common features with Ukraine in the organization of science and it is one of the most successful examples of socio-economic and organizational reforms in Eastern Europe. It is showed that the evaluation method, introduced in the Czech Republic since 2004, was initially purely quantitative and focused exclusively on research results such as publications, patents, prototypes, and the like. Authors conclude that the quantitative assessment did not take into account the quality of research; they also poorly reflected the importance of the results, and encouraged scientific organizations to play a dishonest game with inflating the values of individual indicators. Aggregation of all indicators into one complex indicator did not allow to evaluate the efficiency of the institution’s activities correctly, and bibliometric indicators strongly depended on the citation culture in a particular scientific discipline. The key elements of the implemented new assessment methodology (M17+) are considered, in which preference is given to the informed expert reviews, which involve a set of available indicators together with other information to make a decision on the overall assessment more comprehensive. Use M17+ will provide the following opportunities: to evaluate the results and impact of scientific activities; to make a general forecast for the development of enterprises; evaluate departmental structures and different missions of institutions under evaluation; to utilize views of the partners; evaluate the institution in the national and international contexts; provide information for the allocation of public funds secured for the institutional development of scientific institutions. The conclusion is made that the switching from the simplified, purely mechanistic approaches to assessment indicates the recognition of the complexity of scientific activities and the diversity of functions of research institutes in the socio-economic development of the state. Studying the experience of evaluating research institutions in the Czech Republic is of great importance for Ukraine as a country with European integration intentions, especially in the context of limited funding for science and increased difficulties with obtaining the budget money.

Socio-demographic determinants of municipal waste generation: case study of the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1884-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristýna Rybová ◽  
Jan Slavík ◽  
Boris Burcin ◽  
Jana Soukopová ◽  
Tomáš Kučera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals Possibilities of energy recovery from municipal waste

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Lapčík ◽  
Marta Lapčíková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Future Situation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Flue Gas Treatment

Abstract The article summarizes possibilities of energy recovery from municipal waste. It describes the history of incineration and energy recovery from municipal waste in Czechoslovakia and then in the Czech Republic. The attention is paid to the three currently operated plants for energy recovery from municipal waste in the Czech Republic (ZEVO Malešice, SAKO Brno and TERMIZO Liberec). The following are the characteristics of the planned plants for energy recovery from municipal waste in the Czech Republic. All these plants operate essentially based on grate boilers with flue gas treatment at the highest technical level. The article also lists other technologies which can be used for energy recovery from municipal waste - these are gasification and pyrolysis units and plasma technology. The conclusion of this contribution is devoted to the current and future situation in the area of energy recovery from municipal waste in the Czech Republic with regard to the applicable legal standards

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